No Regrets In Flourishing Tang

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Yellow Ox is a vegetarian and prefers to eat tender grass and tender leaves. Naturally, rice straw is a dry product, which is naturally not liked. Moreover, because the rice straw is too dry, you must distribute enough fresh water when you eat it, so Yellow Ox will drink water when he is thirsty, and will not give Yellow Ox thirst.

Although Yellow Ox prefers to eat fresh tender grass, in winter, there is no tender grass to eat. Therefore, eating rice straw has become an ineffective way. Even if Yellow Ox is unwilling, it cannot be avoided.

In order to maintain the balance of Yellow Ox’s physical strength and prevent Yellow Ox from being malnourished, it will cause serious fat loss in winter. In the summer and autumn seasons, Yang Family will store a part of the wild grass in the wild, store it in the sun dry, and let the bison eat some dry As a result, the Yellow Ox by Yang Family has almost no change in the recipes for the 4 seasons of the year, except that we eat less weeds and more straws in winter, while we eat more fresh weeds and eat straws in other seasons. Less, but on the whole, it is considered to be balanced in nutrition, and there will be no malnutrition caused by eating only certain kinds of wild grass.

In other words, Yang Family raises more than 200 Yellow Ox, and the maintenance cost is very small, and the benefits are relatively large. So many Yellow Ox going out to pull a cart can bring Yang Family an expensive transportation fee, cultivated land and There is no delay in overturning, it can be said to be more than one thing.

In addition, Yellow Ox breeds a lot of calves every year. When Yellow Ox exceeds a certain number, it needs to sell a part of it to maintain a relatively stable scale and a scale with the best income. Nice income.

Li An now seriously doubts that this Yang Family Patriarch was a savvy businessman before, otherwise, he would not have come up with so many twists and turns and so many ways to make money.

A barren mountain with more than 200 Yellow Ox, he actually played multiple incomes, which greatly increased his income. This is not what ordinary people can do. So, Li An really wants to see this amazing character, See if the goods are who are you, you can have such a business sense, almost all the money you can earn.

“Fellow, where is your manor house?”

Li An asked.

The fellow pointed at the distance and said: “The hillhead in front blocks the view. Our manor is behind the hillhead, only seven-eight li, not far away.”

“Okay, thank you.”

Li An said thanks.

In front of me, there is a small road leading directly to the mountain head. Li An and the others went directly to the mountain head. This small mountain head was a height of 2 100 meters. However, it was not too short. The city and surrounding villages must be taking in the entire scene.

Because the 2 sides of the trail are steep and the inclination is more than 50 degrees, so it has not been developed into terraces, even the orchard has not been developed, and it still retains the most original state. In addition to weeds, it is worthless. Miscellaneous trees, if they are precious and good trees, have long been felled.

The mountain road is not easy to walk. Some sections of Li An can only be dismounted and walked, leading the horses step by step. Some sections are not only winding but also ups and downs, it is really difficult to walk.

Fortunately, this Little Pagoda mountain is not too big. After tossing for a while, I finally reached the top of the mountain. Here is the most peak of Little Pagoda mountain. There are only some weeds on it, not at all a tree, but from the ground It can be known from the roots left above that there were originally trees, but these trees were artificially felled, and only weeds and roots are left at this time.

The trees on the mountainside are still intact, but the trees on the top of the mountain have been felled. It seems that they should be deliberately felled for the purpose of broadening the horizon. Here, seeing the trees on the top of the mountain obscure the view, so that people can cut down all the trees on the top of the mountain, so that when standing on the top of the mountain, you can see the scenery in the distance and the surrounding scenery taking in the entire scene.

Li An is standing on the top of Little Pagoda Mountain. Looking up, you can see Yizhou City not far away. Because of the difference in height, the streets of Yizhou City can be seen clearly, while the pedestrians in Yizhou City are Crawling back and forth like ants.

Looking away from the city, you can see a manor near the foot of the mountain, a manor of considerable size, at a glance you can see at least a large-scale large household, and there are small and small areas around This large household is located in the middle south, while a large number of small households surround the perimeter.

The large households are clearly different from the surrounding small households in terms of scale and building construction specifications. This large household is naturally the Yang Family ’s manor, and the surrounding small households are tenant farmers.

Around a large number of houses, there is a green field, these all are Yang Family’s industries, these fields are at least a few thousand acres, that is to say, even if there is no terrace, Yang Family’s land industry is not small, and in After the development of terraces, their family’s industry is even bigger.

“A big manor!”

Li An sighed.

“Manor, what is a manor?”

Chen Long asked.

In fact, the manor is the meaning of the Great Tang Grange, but his mind can’t turn around for a while. That’s all. In ancient times, he liked to teach the manor in foreign countries, but in Great Tang he called it Grange, but in fact it all meant the same thing.

“The manor is the grange.”

Li An spoke replied and finished picking up the telescope in his arms and observed it carefully.

In the final analysis, what is a manor is actually very simple. A manor refers to a rural house or a large area of ​​a country. In ancient China, there were architectural groups with residences, gardens and farmland.

According to the status of the manor, the manor has different names. The Imperial Family is called Huangzhuang, which is called Yuan, Gongzhuang, Wangzhuang, etc., and the nobles, officials, and landlords are called private villas. Etc., belonging to the temple called the resident residence. In medieval England, France, and other countries, manor houses with defensive facilities appeared. The halls in the mansion were the manor ’s conference hall and tenant meeting place.

When people in later generations heard the word manor, the first thing they thought of was the manor in Europe, because Ou Beauty likes to call it a manor, and the manor in Europe is more representative, especially the manor in the Middle Ages.

The medieval manor production in Europe included food, clothing, tools and other living needs. It was a rural community and an autonomous political unit with cultivated land, commons, churches, lord’s residences and serf houses. The manor land is owned by the lord, and the serfs are responsible for farming. There are mutually agreed rights and obligations between the lord and the serf-the serf provides labor, farming, and taxes, and the lord must allocate the land, provide protection, and enforce the justice. The serf must pay for the stove and wine-pressing equipment.

The serf status is between a free man and a slave. Personal freedom is not completely lost, but the identity is attached to the land. Without the consent of the lord, you cannot leave the manor arbitrarily, so it is not a complete free man. Although the freedom of serfdom is restricted and life is difficult, there are certain guarantees. As long as the serfs have fulfilled their obligations, they can cultivate the land for generations. Once they encounter difficulties, the lord is also obliged to provide appropriate assistance.

With the development of the Middle Ancient era, farming techniques have gradually changed the life of serfs. The increase in food production has allowed surplus agricultural products to be sold, and the serf ’s income has increased, which can be used to buy back freedom with money. By the end of the Middle Ages, there were only a few serfs left in Western Europe.

In the Middle Ancient era, a family will have 9 families working in the fields to produce food to feed themselves and provide food to the tenth family so that they can engage in other labor services.

The most typical manor in Europe is a large house or castle, surrounded by fields, farmhouses, pastures and woodland. In most cases, the manor is self-sufficient. Some remaining daily necessities can be traded with other estates to complement each other. With the evolution of the Middle Ancient era and the development of the town market, the estates have become specialized, able to produce a few kinds of commodities more efficiently, and some estates will specialize in the production of bread, pigs, wine or vegetables to maintain their livelihoods.

The Owner of the manor lives with his family, workers and attendants in the castle of the manor. The servants consist of Knight and professional soldiers to provide defense and are always ready to perform feudal military duties for the lord. The larger the manor, the more servants.

The main population of the manor is non-nobles and non-professional farmers. Most of the farm workers are serfs and must spend most of their time on the lord ’s land every week in exchange for his protection. This Slave of Yours will have several rows of crops in each manor ’s field to support their livelihoods. Although serfs are not slaves, they also have no freedom. They cannot marry, switch jobs, or leave the estate without Owner’s approval. But serfs also have some rights, which are different from slaves. The identity of the serf passed down from generation to generation, and as long as he fulfilled his due obligations, others could not take away his land. Although the relationship between the subject and the lord can be compared with the serf and the landlord, in Middle Ancient era 2 there is a clear distinction between the subject and the lord is a glorious contract, subject The genus needs to provide military service, and the serfs only provide physical labor.

It can be seen that the medieval manor in Europe was relatively tightly organized, not only to be self-sufficient, but also to have castles and soldiers. It was simply an independent kingdom of each and everyone, and it was a fairly developed existence, and Great Tang The situation of the manor is completely different. First of all, the manor of Great Tang belongs to the landlord and the Imperial Family, not at all necessary for defense. Imperial Court will not allow it.

In addition, the Great Tang ’s estate is a very simple farm that produces one or several crops and supplies the nearby city to earn enough money. It is completely open, not closed.

The tenant farmers who work for the Great Tang Estate will not lose their freedom. They can go wherever they want. As long as they do not delay their work, the family members take turns to visit relatives in the field without having to agree with the winter. They are quite free.

In short, the Great Tang manor is very different from the medieval manor in Europe. The Great Tang manor is open, that is, a planting and breeding place, while the European manor is very closed. Some people have said that in the middle ages The manor is not an ideal economic method, its economic form is very closed, people’s living standards are only for survival, and it is a production unit with slow progress.

These are all related to the disordered state at that time. After the Germans overthrew the Roman Empire, they did not have a sound system to replace it. Moreover, the Barbarian Race wars between the tribes continued, and there was no complete and mature ruling system. In order to maintain self-power, the method of giving rewards is adopted. First, the property seized is strictly given to individuals in equal shares. Second, the practice of rewarding the land, artificially formed a person’s large real estate, and the reward is not completed at the first level, but can be given at different levels. This system change constitutes the foundation of the manor, which is related to the large real estate. The difference is that land cultivation rights are not deprived.

The Great Tang is an unification empire, and the regime is quite stable. All the land in the world is Emperor. Moreover, the Great Tang has a strict legal system that restricts people and will not let private private fighting go. There will be a landlord of a manor who takes someone to grab the property of another manor. If someone dares to do this, Imperial Court will definitely not sit idly by. This is a serious violation of the law and cannot be forgiven.

Of course, there are quite a few thieves and bandits in the Great Tang, so the general manor will also have some yards, but it ’s just a battle strength yard, only with very rudimentary weapons, like medieval European castle soldiers The essential difference is that their existence can only catch thieves like thieves, and they do not have the ability to fight against the professional army. Moreover, most of them are made up by tenants and servants, for example, let the tenants take turns to the landlord. It is conceivable that the homestead, the farmers with inferior long spears and even wooden sticks, can have battle strength.

At least, in Li An ’s eyes, the Great Tang ’s manor house has no battle strength. They only have the ability to fight against small-scale thieves, such as a few small hair thieves entering the village. This is the manor house ’s guard house. It’s time to catch the thieves, and then twist them to the Yamen, and let Imperial Court punish them.

In addition, the manor ’s nursing home can also deter some disobedient tenant farmers. Some tenant farmers feel that the rent of the Dong family is too high and they will make trouble, which will cause a great loss of profits to the Dong family. These people who want to make trouble can be deterred. They will use the so-called family law to punish disobedient people fiercely, so that more tenant farmers obediently and honestly cultivate land on the land of the landlord’s family.