No Regrets In Flourishing Tang

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Li An saw the rollovers in the cracks of the terraces across the distance. These rollovers are advanced rollovers using animal traction, which are much better than human traction. At this time, it has passed the busy season of farming, so there is no temporary rollover People, no livestock.

To say that this rollover, there are mainly human rollover, animal rollover, and hydraulic rollover. Among them, human rollover is divided into pedal and hand crank.

Among them, manpower rollover is undoubtedly the most backward. After all, the power of manpower is the weakest, and the efficiency of rollover is also the lowest, and animal rollover is more advanced. The strength of cattle and horses is much greater than that of humans. Using cattle and horses to drive the rollover, the effect It is much better than manual driving, and it is also a widely used rollover. The most advanced rollover is a hydraulic rollover. This type of rollover uses the power of flowing water to drive the rollover movement without additional manpower and animal power. It is the most trouble-free, but the use of hydraulic rollovers is conditional, and it can not be used everywhere. On rivers with fast water flow, you can use hydraulic rollovers, and where the water flow is very slow, even where the river is still, Hydropower does not exist, so it is naturally impossible to use hydraulic to roll over.

For example, the river below the Little Pagoda mountain has extremely smooth water flow and almost no hydraulic power. Even the most advanced hydraulic rollover is completely unusable. In this way, the use of animal power rollover has become the best choice, which is more in line with Little Pagoda Mountain is the actual situation here.

To say that this rollover was called the keel waterwheel in ancient times, it was a keel waterwheel used for irrigating farmland in China. It is the earliest and longest circulating agricultural waterwheel in the world. It is a scraper-type continuous water lifting machine. One of the most famous agricultural irrigation machinery invented by working people in ancient China.

In the period of Cao Wei in the 3 countries, the restructured overturned car was used for irrigation. “Han Han Shu” was recorded by Bi Lan as the overturned car. Three countries Ma Jun perfected it. The overturned keel blades were used as chains. Set by the river or the pond, the lower sprocket and part of the car body are submerged into the water to drive the sprocket, and the blades scrape up along the trough to send the water to the upper end of the long trough. In this continuous cycle, the water is transported to where it is needed, and the water can be taken continuously, the efficiency is greatly improved, the operation and transportation are convenient, and the water point can be transferred in time, either for irrigation or drainage.

There are large and small rollovers. The largest rollover looks like a huge ancient wheel. The diameter of the spokes can reach 20-30 meters, and the smaller one has a diameter of more than ten meters. In this way, the river can be directly raised to a height of more than ten meters. For a large rollover, the higher the height that can be increased, if the field is at the level of several hundred meters of the water source, then you can only choose to increase it step by step. After all, the rollover is too difficult to build, and it is more difficult to drive. In the ancient level of technology, the ability to raise the river water by more than ten meters is considered to be the limit. Too much water demand at the location can only be used to lift water step by step, and just build a few more rollovers.

Even if it is a pump of the later generations, it is also a level one level up. The level of each level is only ten meters, most of them are ten meters or several dozen meters in height, but the efficiency of the pump is very high. It is much higher than the old thing like rollover.

Li An is very interested to see the overturning in person. At the moment when the pump has been built in Beijing, the overturning is actually outdated, but due to limited production capacity, the pumping machine can only be popularized near the capital. The overwhelming majority area in Shuzhong is still only available. Use this ancient rollover to transfer water.

Speaking of overturning, there is actually a kind of wind overturning, but the application of wind overturning is the least, because wind overturning has high requirements for wind power, where can there be so many strong winds? If there is not enough strong wind, the wind dump is a decoration. Generally, the hydraulic power is relatively stable, and the wind is difficult to maintain stability. Therefore, the application of wind dump is too few, and it is even impossible to use it effectively. Only in areas with strong winds all year round can it be used reluctantly.

“This rollover is big enough! Five-six zhang is enough.”

Li An saw the huge rollover in front of her and said.

There is also a disc with wooden poles for horses and horses, and some ropes next to it. As long as the cows and horses are brought in, they can immediately start turning.

The depth of a huge rollover submerged in the water is half of the length, and most of the area is still above the water surface. These rollovers are placed in the open air and wind blowing and sun shining all day. It is relatively easy to weather. Generally, it will take a few years to repair and Replacement, the use of lifespan is a little too short, and in order to increase the use of lifespan, little Peng is specially built in some parts to cover part of the equipment under the sun, so as to avoid being weathered by the sun, and for the largest The disc can’t be covered, but you can use better weather-resistant wood and paint the surface of the wood. In this way, the use of lifespan can be greatly increased.

However, it does n’t matter if the lifespan of the rollover is very short. The material used for the rollover is wood. The Great Tang is rich in acres. Is it still lacking in wood? Simply there is no shortage of wood. The paint is in Shuzhong with sufficient mountain resources. Will never lack wood, the wood here is inexhaustible.

Since the highest point of the terraces of Little Pagoda Mountain has a height difference of 6 ten zhang from the river under the mountain, there are more than one rollover, but the river is transported upward step by step. Each level increases the height of five-six zhang, and the ten-level rollover is Can raise the water in the stream to the highest point.

In order to reduce the animal power as much as possible, when watering, each level is also responsible for the corresponding height of the terraced field. Irrigation is performed between its own height and the water level of the next level. And, because the height difference of each level is only five-six zhang, the terraces that can be irrigated are only a dozen layers, and the next layer is the task of the next layer.

Because there are too many terraces here, when watering is needed, the overturning is carried out continuously every ten hours. The lower the overturning, the greater the pressure on the overturning. After all, the lower level is not only responsible for its own area. Water tasks have to be supplied upwards. The pressure is naturally the largest. In addition, the area of ​​the lower terraces is much larger than that of the upper floors. The pressure is not the little bit.

Because of this, the number of rollovers on the lower level is larger than that on the upper level, and the size of the rollover is also larger. One rollover can turn over more water.

For example, the first level has 6 rollovers, the 2 3 ladder has 5 rollovers, the 4 5 2 level has 4 rollovers, the 6 7 2 ladders have 3 rollovers, and the eight-nine 2 ladders have 2 rollovers. The last tenth stairway has only one rollover, so the deployment can avoid the shortage of water supply to the greatest extent and avoid the shortage of water sources in the lower level.

In addition, the reservoirs on each floor are also relatively large, and can accommodate many water sources, so as to prevent the lower layer from turning a little over the water, and the water on the upper layer will be full, so the pressure will be too great when adjusting.

Li An asked several villagers who dig wild vegetables to ask, the dumps here are used many times a year. When there is no water on them, these dumps are responsible for turning up the water, and when the most nervous, all the dumps are all started. Thirty-five rollovers keep turning the water day and night, and in order to provide sufficient driving force, at least more than 35 strong Yellow Ox must be prepared.

The larger rollover requires 2 cows to pull together, the smaller one is enough. In addition, the cow will be tired. You need to prepare more Yellow Ox to change shifts at any time. There are no 3 shifts and so on. The highest treatment for Yellow Ox is 2 shifts. 2 Yellow Oxs are used in turn to work. Basically, they are changed every 2 hours to maintain the physical strength of Yellow Ox and avoid slowing down the progress of the water due to insufficient Yellow Ox physical strength.

These Yellow Oxs are naturally not ordinary 100 surnames, they are all Yellow Oxs from Yang Family, and Yang Family provides these Yellow Oxs, which are not provided in vain, they are charged, but they are not directly charged. It is added to the rent, or the 100 surnames are required to provide corresponding labor to make up for them.

For example, Yang Family needs to build a building. These 100 people need to work free in the past, build a garden, dig a cellar or something, all require a lot of labor, and these jobs rely on no matter how much Yellow Ox is useless, must rely on manpower And these tenant farmers who used Yellow Ox in their family would naturally have to provide labor to repay them.

In various constructions in ancient times, although the labor cost was not much, it was also a considerable expenditure. If this can be saved than the expenditure, it can save a lot of money in a few years. It can be seen that this Yang Family is really too much Smart, the large amount of Yellow Ox raised in the home is idle and idle, and it is provided to tenant farming land when the farm is busy, and it is provided to the tenant farmer as a driving force for overturning when watering is needed, so that you can make money all the way, but also give Save money yourself.

Of course, Li An soon discovered that there was more than that. On the road in the distance, there was a Yellow Ox transport team. It seemed that there were more than 30 Yellow Oxs, and behind each Yellow Ox was a truck full of goods. , And the side villagers told Li An that this is the Yellow Ox from Yang Family. They will also help Yizhou ’s merchants to transport goods in their spare time, and this is directly charged. Although the daily transportation fee per head of Yellow Ox is very low, the quantity The huge Yellow Ox, often ran to transport materials, this income is not low.

“Which Yang Family Patriarch is who? Why is it so business-minded, their family’s Yellow Ox, it’s really not worth raising!”

Li An sighed.

According to Li An’s memory, there were several villagers who raised Yellow Ox in their hometowns when they were young. However, those villagers raised Yellow Ox most of the time at home, eating grass fodder leisurely, rarely going out to work, only When the farm is busy, I will go to work in the field, but it is really 1000 days of cattle breeding, use cattle for a while! It’s simply to treat Niu as an ancestor!

At that time, Li An was still young, not at all considering the economic benefits or something, and I did n’t think there was anything wrong with doing this. But now that I see Yang Family ’s Yellow Ox has not been idle, Li An feels that he will be a child when he is a child. The cattle breeders I met were so stupid that they could use their own Yellow Ox to make money when they were on the farm! At least go shopping for others! This can also make a lot of money.

I remember a family raising donkeys. When it was okay, they would pull the donkey cart to deliver it to people. They mainly sent Hexagonal Household Coal Briquette. They could earn a lot of money throughout the year because donkeys could not cultivate land. , Mainly for the purpose of pulling goods for others, and the people who raise cattle, because cattle can cultivate the land, they are usually raised as ancestors, and only pull out to work when they are cultivated, it is too wasteful, the ability of cattle to pull carts It ’s not worse than a donkey. It ’s the most powerful in terms of strength or cows. Donkeys can pull goods, and cows can do the same, and it ’s only better than donkeys. The strength and endurance of a cow is much stronger than a donkey.

According to Li An ’s experience, the neighbors ’homes in later generations, no matter whether they are cattle or donkeys, the cost of breeding is very low, and it can even be said that there is no cost, because they raise cattle and donkeys using common grass feed in rural areas. Yes, the family went to the wild to mow the grass, brought it back to feed the livestock, and occasionally took the livestock to the road to eat the wild grass. It ’s that simple, simply does n’t cost money, which may be the main reason why many people do n’t care about wasting cattle power This is because apart from working hard, there is really no cost.

“My fellow, how many yellow awesome are there in this Yang Family!”

Li An saw an old farmer digging wild vegetables and asked.

“There are about 200 heads, but you can see up to 100 heads at home, and the rest are pulling goods outside, and many of them are small calves. However, when it comes to arable land and watering, Yang Family does n’t pull. The business of goods is sold, and all Yellow Ox is used to work on the ground. This is also already told to us tenant farmers. We rent their land. They need to provide cattle when they need it. However, the land rent is expensive. Some are more expensive than others, but as long as there are cattle, it is worthwhile to rent more expensive land. “

The old farmer said.

Li An hearing this, asked, “These 200-odd Yellow Oxs will eat a lot of forage every day. Who prepared these forages, are you tenants, or they hired someone to prepare them.”

The old farmer said: “Forage can’t be eaten simply, we usually need to help Dongjia deal with the weeds in the orchards on the mountain. These weeds can’t be left in place. They should be used to feed the cattle to Dongjia. There are so many straws, these straws are piled up in Dongjia’s forage, and we have piled up a lot of stacks in front of each house of ours, no matter how many cattle we can’t eat! More of them are kept for fire. “

Li An also understands the use of straw to feed Yellow Ox. Straw can indeed be used to feed Yellow Ox. However, the nutrition of this straw is not high. Feeding Yellow Ox with dry straw for a long time will cause Yellow Ox to lose weight. Yes, the energy of the Yellow Ox that has fallen out is bound to be inadequate. Whether it is transportation or arable land, it will appear to have no strength, and the solution is to not only feed straw, but also feed some other food.