Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 68

[The ancient goodness is not martial arts,]

Yan Kejun said: "The ancients are good scholars", there is no such thing as "ancient".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong version and Dunhuang Xin version both have the word "Gu Zhi" at the beginning of the sentence.

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun, Sui, and Jing have the word "ancient" at the beginning of the sentence, and Wang Bi's version is also the same.

Qian’s case: None of the king’s editions have the word “ancient”, but Ming and engraved Laozi’s Wang’s annotations are crowned with a different text: “The ancient editions are written as ‘The ancients are good at being scholars, and those who do not use martial arts’.” This cover refers to the ancient editions of Fu Yi .Takeuchi made a mistake.Also Gu, the model also has the word "ancient".

[He who is good at fighting does not get angry, he who is good at defeating the enemy does not fight, and he who is good at using benevolence is the next. 】

Yan Kejun said: "No fight", He Shang and Wang Bi said "No fight". "Those who make good use of benevolence are the next", "benevolence" in each book is "person", and Yu Zhu and Wang Bi are "doing the next".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Those who are good at fighting", there is no word "zhe" in the Dunhuang Xinben, and the next three sentences are the same. "Not with", Jinglong, Yuzhu, Dunhuang Geng, and Xin's "and" all use "competition", and Dunhuang Ren's version uses "and". "Those who make good use of others do the best", Jing Long originally wrote "humanity" as "benevolence", without the word "zhi".Neither the Jingfu version nor the Dunhuang Xin version has the word "Zhi".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun, Sui, and Jing's three books "and" are "struggle". According to this word "struggle" and the following "virtue of non-dispute", it is also "struggle".

Qian's case: Xing Xuan, Fenxi, Lou Zheng, Gu, Peng, Fu, Fan, Zhao, and Gao all made "no dispute".There is no word "Zhi" in Suizhou, Xingxuan, Gu, Zhao, and Heshang.Also in Fenxi, it is wrong to use "anger" as "forgiveness" and "zhi" as "heaven" in Dunhuang Renben.

Liu Shipei said: In Wang's note "not fighting with each other", the case "and" is regarded as "ju", and "ju" means raising troops, just like the word "bing" in the ancient book "big move".

Tao Hongqing said: Wang noted "not to fight with each other", but Dan said "not to fight with", which is too much to say. "And" means "competing".The second chapter of Mo Zi Fei Confucianism says, "If all people are benevolent, then we will fight with each other without saying anything." This is the opposite of the literal meaning of "If there is a fight between rain and storm" below, it means "struggle with each other" or "struggle with each other".The scriptures cited by Wang Shi stated that "the ancients were equal and enemies, and they were all called peace", and the evidence is the most detailed. "When" and "enemy" are not the same as "struggle".The text of the doubt note is "and struggle".Later generations did not understand its meaning, so the word "bu" was added.

Qian's case: Tao said it was true.Jingyi Shuwen quoted Han Shu Gaodi Ji "I know that I am with him", and he is also an enemy of Judah.In the historical records, the family of Yan family said: "Pang Nuan is easy to be with the ear." Bai Qi said: "Lian is easy to be with."Zuo Zhuan said in the 25th year of Xianggong: "One and one, who can be afraid of me?"The same is true for Lao Jian and Gao Heng's citations.This work on the Daozang River today is "not to fight", which is righteous. "和" rhymes with Wu, Nu, and Xia, while "struggling" has no rhyme.

[It is called the virtue of invincibility, it is based on the power of using people, it is called the ultimate match of the ancient times. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: The Jingfu edition, the Dunhuang Geng edition, and the Ren edition have the word "ye" under the word "ji".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: "Pairing the ancient pole", the word "ancient" is derived from the text, Yu Yue and Laozi have textual research.

The case of modesty: the first sentence "it is said", Gu made "it is".The second sentence "it is" is strict and there is no such thing as "it is said".Fu, Fan, Nai Juan, and Gu have the word "Ye" under "Ji".

Yu Yue said: Every sentence in this chapter has rhyme.The first four sentences rhyme with "wu", "anger", "and" and "xia"; the last three sentences rhyme with "de", "force" and "extreme".If you use "it is said to match the sky" as a sentence, it will not rhyme, and it is suspected that the word "ancient" is a derivative of the text. The six-character sentence of "It is the ultimate match with the sky" is the same as the above "It is the virtue of indisputability, and it is the power of employing people." The grammar is the same.Those who derive the word "Ancient", "Ancient" means "Heaven".Zhou Shu Zhou Zhu said: "Heaven is ancient." Shangshu Yao Dian said "Ruoji Ancient Emperor Yao", Zheng Annotated: "Ancient, Tian also." It is the same as "Ancient" and "Heaven".This sutra is "Pairing the Extremes of Heaven", and he may have written "Pairing the Extremes of Ancients", and later generations passed it down to write the ears of misfits.

Qian's case: Yu said that he also saw the ancient book's doubtful example five "two characters have the same meaning but are derived from the example", which is very true.An Erya interprets "extremely, to be." Shi Songgao "The horse is as high as the sky", and the biography: "to be." "Pairing the sky to the extreme" has the same meaning as "the horse is extremely in the sky" and "extremely in the sky".With, together also.Zhuangzi Tiandi Chapter "Yao asked Xu You and said: 'Can the gnawing be matched with the sky?'" Cheng Shu: "To match, to be together. Yao said that the sage who is gnawing has the virtue of being in harmony with the heaven." Xunzi's rough chapter: " The Son of Heaven came to the throne... Zhongqing Jin said: "Those who are compatible with the sky and have the ability to go down to the earth should first deal with things and worry about troubles first." The so-called "matching the sky to the extreme" means the ultimate in harmony with the sky. The word "Ancient" is suspected to belong to the next chapter, and it is entered here by mistake. "There are words for the use of soldiers in ancient times", and Chapter 22 "The so-called music of the ancients is the whole", both hold the ancient way and talk about the present.Yu Xingwu said: "The word 'Peitian' should have a heavy text. In this work, 'It means Pei=Tian=Ancient pole'. It is read as a sentence of 'It means Peitian', and a sentence of 'Peitian ancient pole'." This can be said.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Wu, Nu, Yu, Xia Yun (Yu Bu, Nu, Shang Sheng), De, Li, Ji Yun (Zhi Yun).All families are the same.Takeuchi Yoshio wrote "competition" with "and", saying that "the word 'competition' is opposite to the following 'virtue of indisputability', and 'competition' is."Therefore, only Wu, Nu, and Xia rhyme, and the word "struggle" has no rhyme.Qian's case: "Controversy" is wrong, see the previous article.

There are 44 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 41 characters in the Dunhuang version, 42 characters in the Heshang version, 43 characters in the Wang version, 47 characters in the Fu version, and 48 characters in the model version.Heshang's original title is "Peitian No.60", Wang's original title is "68 Chapters", and the model title is "Ancient Good Men Who Don't Martial Arts Chapter No.60".

(End of this chapter)