Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 6

[Heaven and earth are not benevolent, and take all things as their mouths; saints are not benevolent, and take the common people as their mouths. 】

Yan Kejun said: "口口", another typeface.

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong's and Guangming's two works are "口", and the Dunhuang version is "口", both of which are different structures of "chu".

Qian's case: Heshang, Wang Bi, Fu, and Fan were all "dogs".Explanations, Qunshu Zhiyao and Suizhou version "chu" as "口".Li Wenzhong's handbook said: "'Chu', said the text: 'Mowing grass, like the shape of bundles of grass.' From Erxi, that is, the word 'grass'. The vulgar also adds 'grass', no."

Liu Shipei said: "The case of a humble dog is also an object used in ancient sacrifices."Huainan Qi custom said: "For example, it is like the beginning of a humble dog and an earth dragon: the writing is green and yellow, the silk is embroidered, and the silk is wrapped with red silk. , then it’s just loamy soil and grass, which one is more precious?” Gao Yu’s note: “The humble dog, bundles the humble dog into a dog, and asks for blessings in order to thank you.” Shuo Shan’s precepts say: “The sage uses things, if you use Zhu Si to treat the grass Dog." He also said: "Treat a straw dog for good fortune." High note: "Treat the spirit of a straw dog, and you will get blessings." It is an ancient sacrifice, and all straw dogs are used for blessing.Gaishu is a dog, which is the same as the spirit of the grass, and it is a thing that is first used and finally discarded.Lao Tzu's decree said: Heaven and earth are to all things, and saints are to the common people. They are all used and then discarded.

The Case of Modesty: Lu’s Spring and Autumn Annals of Guigong’s Gao Lue Annotation quotes Lao Tzu with the same two sentences.Zhuangzi, Gengsang, and Chu: "The most benevolent has no relatives." The Theory of Equality of Things: "Great benevolence is not benevolent." If it is already old, the traveler will trample on its head and ridge, and the Su will take it and cut it off." All the words come from this.

[Between heaven and earth, it's like a mouthful. 】

Yan Kejun said: "口蘥", ​​the imperial annotation is "橐key", and there is the word "hu" at the end of Heshang and Wang Bi.

Qian's case: Wang Bi's annotation "'橐' means rowing. 'Key' means music key." Sun Yirang said: "All the scriptures of the case have the same sound and meaning: '口口', Dongguan Han records as 'Pai', Wang Bi The note book is "口", which is the same as the skin, so it is the same as the family, and the person who blows the fire is also. Another twelve cloud: "Pail the tube", Dongguan Hanji "Because of the water to make a row", Wang Bi's note: "橐, The mouth bag is also.' (Jade article mouth part cloud: 'mouth, blowing fire bag.') According to Xuanying, what you see is Wang's annotation of 'pail' as 'sack', and this version and Lu's interpretation are combined as' Pai Lu' (Explanation Wenyun: 'Pai, Fubaifan.' has the same sound as Pibai. 'Pai Lu', also see Huainanzi's high note on the classics). Are there two versions of Wang’s commentary?” (The current version of Wang’s commentary does not distinguish between Dao and De, which is different from the commentary version. It also explains Falin’s debates on the introduction of "Human Law, Earth, Earth Law and Heaven", which is different from the current version. It is also evidenced by the different editions of the Wang Annotations in the Tang Dynasty.) The theory of Yueyao is the same as that of Cheng Xuanying's "key, Xiao Guanye", but different from Wu Cheng's interpretation of the key.Wu Cheng said: "'Liaoyao' is a tool for blowing and burning fire because it is smelted and cast. The one that covers the outside of the letter is the key; the one that governs the inside with a drum fan is the key. The world is like the key. , the 橐 image is too empty, and contains the body of the whole body; the key image is the vitality, and it is used for popular use." Wu said Yichang.

【Empty and unyielding, move and express. 】

Yan Kejun said: Wang Bi and Gu Huan did not dig. "Yu Chu", each book is "Yu Chu".

The case of Qian: Fu and the model are also called "Yu".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Qu" is the same as Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Jingfu.The word "digging" appears in the interpretation, and Zhiwang's original writing is "digging".The interpretation also says: "Heshang originally made Qu, but Gu Zuo dug."

The case of modesty: it is also "Qu".Wang's note "The reason is empty and not poor Qu" is the original "Qu" in Wang's note, and the template is the same.Fu Ben's "Qu" is "诎".Lao Jian said: "Accordingly, the text 'Qu'xun has no tail, and it is extended to be short, so it has the meaning of exhaustion. The '诎' xunjiezhen is the original character of '诎进'. Those who say "尤满" mean that it is called Qu Ye. Fu Zhi made "诎", and Gai explained it as "诎仙", not true. This word is regarded as "Qu", which means "Xun Ji".

Bi Yuan said: "Yu", all the books are combined as "Yu".There is no word "Yu" in the ancient case, so "Yu" is used for cover.Zhuben is not.

[It's better to stay in the center than to talk too much. 】

Qian's case: Takeuchi Yoshio said: "Dun and Sui are the two books of loyalty." Knowing that the Heshang version of the Dunhuang fragment in the library of Zhifajing is "Shouzhong", it is the same as the Suizhou stele.But the word "loyalty" has no meaning, so Huainan Taoist should quote the above two sentences as "Shou Zhong", yes.Also "too many words", the Suizhou stele is written as "too many stories", and the original quotation of Wen Zidao is also called "too many words". According to Suizhou, it is strong to say goodbye.

Another case of "Shouzhong" in "Zhong" is said to be based on Zhang Binglin's first seven: "Zhong, this book and so on. Therefore, Chunguan Tianfu: "Every government, township, state, and capital are in the middle, accept and hide it." Zheng Si Nong Yun: "Government is the key to governing office books." Qiuguan Xiaosi Kou: "Three thorns are used to cut off the people's prison lawsuits, and at the end of the year, the group of officials will be charged with fraudulent prison lawsuits and promoted to heaven." Li Notes on Ritual Vessels: 'Because of the famous mountain, he was promoted to the sky.' Ascension to the middle school is still in the middle. , The friendship is the same, Gai Yushiqi and the like.Luo Yunxian said: "There is also agreement in the middle. It is not necessary to talk too much about politics, but the judicial agreement is to assist the world. The so-called inaction is exactly what it means."

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Qu, Chu rhyme (fat part), Qiong, Zhong rhyme (middle part).All families are the same.Kong Guangsen’s Poetry Voice Class Five, and Yang Voice Five Shang Dong Class cited the Analects: “The calendar of the sky is in your hands, and you are allowed to stick to it. "De Jing: "The great surplus is like a rush, and its use is endless." Zhuangzi: "I have come and gone, but I don't know where it will end. What is beautiful is to see its end; what is evil to be discarded must be considered to be poor." Most of the words used in the same way are no more than the three characters of "middle", "final" and "poor". Those who abuse Dong and Zhong are also.The Case of Modesty: Zhuangzi's theory of equalizing things "starts from the center of its ring, and responds to infinity", which also rhymes with middle and poor.In addition, Laozi's "middle" and "poor" each have a word "number" and "shou", which also rhyme with each other.This is rhyme on rhyme.Ben Ma Xulun said, see the preface to the rhyme of Mao's poem.

There are 44 characters on the Youjing Longbei, which are not divided into chapters, and the characters in the Dunhuang version are the same.He, Wang, Fu, and templates have 45 characters.The inscription on Heshang is "Five Chapters of Emptiness", Wang Ben's inscription on "Five Chapters", and the title on the model edition is "Chapter Five on the Inhumanity of Heaven and Earth".

(End of this chapter)