Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 7

[The god of the valley does not die, it is called Xuan Min. 】

Bi Yuan said: Lu Deming said: "Gu, the original on the river is bathing, saying: 'Bathing, nourishing.'" After the case, Chen Xiangbian Shaojian of the Han Dynasty also wrote "Bath God", which is the same as the original on the river.

Yu Yue said: The word "bath" has no meaning.The word "bath" in Heshang's book should be read as valley.The poems Xiaobian, Liao'e, and April all say: "There is no valley for the people." Mao Zhuan also says: "Valley, nourishment."Erya Shitian: "The east wind is called the valley wind." Shi Zhengyi quoted Sun Yan as saying: "The valley is said to be the valley, the valley is born, and the life is also nourished." false characters.The ancient text on the river is called "bath", which is a different text of "gu".

Hong Yixuan said: "The interpretation of the case quotes Heshanggong as "bath".It is easy to say that "a gentleman punishes anger and suffocates desire", and Meng Xi originally wrote it as "bath". "Valley" and "bath" are borrowed words for "desire".Mencius said with all his heart: "There is nothing good in cultivating the mind with few desires." Therefore, the god of desire will never die.Biography of the Immortals: Rong Chenggong is good at mending and guiding things, and he is the one who takes the essence from Xuanmu.Also the same meaning.

Xu Wei said: "According to Heshang's commentary, "Valley" is for nourishment, so it should be "Valley".Poetry Mao Chuan, Zheng Jian, Guangya Shigu, all say: "Valley, nourishment." It is also a pretext that "Gu" and "Gu" are connected, and the sound is the same.In the book Yao Dian, "the west of the house is called the valley of ignorance", and the seamstress of Zhou Li made an annotation as "the west of the house is called the willow valley", which is also the saying of "autumn sacrifice to the willow valley" in the great biography of Fusheng's book.And Shiji is also called "Willow Valley".Zhuangzi's "Zang and Gu shepherd the sheep", and Cui wrote the book "Zang and Gu shepherd the sheep", which is also the proof.According to the interpretation of the text: "The valley and the river are originally used for bathing, and it is said: 'The bather should be nourished.'" It is different from the current version.In Hong Shili's release, Lao Tzu Ming said: "Maybe there is a bathing god who will never die." This is the ancient version of "bath"."Valley" is used as a pretext for "Valley", and "bath" is also a pretext for "Valley".

The case of modesty: it is also true to be the "God of the Valley".Both the current Song version and the Daozang River version are "valley" and not "bath".Liezi Tianrui quotes the Yellow Emperor's book: "The god of the valley does not die, it is called Xuanmu." Yu Jianwu's poem: "Talk about Xuanzhi and the god of the valley." Yu Xin's poem: "Nothingness nourishes the god of the valley." The splendor is exhausted, and the god of the valley is lingering." Fan Yingyuan said: "The two characters of the god of the valley, Fu Yiyun: 'Secluded and open.'" Both of them are read together with the word "the god of the valley".However, in Laozi's book, "valley" and "shen" are actually opposite. Chapter 39 "God gets a spirit, and the valley gets a surplus" is the proof.Sima Guang said: "Because of the emptiness in the middle, it is called the valley; because of the unpredictable, it is called the god; the heaven and the earth are infinite and the Tao is infinite, so it is called the immortal." Yan Fu said: "Because of its emptiness, it is called a valley; because of its infinite response, it is called a god; It is unyielding and emerges more, so it is called immortality. The three are all the virtues of the Tao." It is to know that the words "gu" and "shen" are mistaken by readers.

[Xuanmi Gate, the root of heaven and earth. 】

Yan Kejun said: There is the word "Zhi" on the "gate" of Heshang and Wang Bi, and the word "Yes" on "Heaven and Earth".The Case of Qian: Suizhou, Dunhuang, and Yuzhu are the same as this stone.

[If it lasts forever, don’t use it frequently. 】

The case of modesty: "Mianmian", various works are "Mianmian".Cheng Xuanying said: "Mianmian has a continuous appearance." "Mian" is a vulgar word.Jade article: "Mian, new wadding, entanglement, endless. Today it is made of cotton." The text of the Five Classics says: "Those who make 'Mian' are false." Under "Mianmian", Jingfu originally had the word "Xi", Muromachi There is the word "almost". The word "Qin" was written by Takeuchi Atsushi as "Qin".

Hong Yixuan said: "Qin" in the case is commonly referred to as "廑".Yang Fu, Li Shan, the chief anthology, quoted ancient and modern characters: "'廑', today's 'Qin' is also the word." Ji Jinzhuo, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, said: "廑, the ancient character of Qin." Said the text: "廑, less inferior. Mouth." It is said that if the breath is lingering, if it is used, it will not be weak or weak.

Yu Xingwu said: According to the old method, "diligence" is often read as a character, while Hong Yixuan reads "diligence" in "use it not diligently" as "廑", and the training is weak.If you use it weakly or little, you don't hesitate to use it too much. "Qin" should be read as "Jin", and "Qin" and "Jin" in bronze are combined as "Jin".Zong Zhouzhong's "Wang Zhaoyu saves literature, Wu Jin strengthens the soil", Qi Chenman's "Zhaojin Jingde", Shuai Jiading "Nian Wangmu Jinkou", "Jin" should be read as "Qin".Song Ding "returns into the Jin chapter", female mouth "female mouth Jin Yuwang", mouth you "first use barbarian to Jin", "Jin" should be read as "Jin".Poetry Han Yi: "Han Hou enters the pilgrimage." In the 28th year of Zuo Xi's biography: "Going in and out of the three pilgrimage."If you don't use it, you can't see it if you use it.The above mentioned "continuous as if existing", said its continuous and subtle, it seems to exist but not exist, which is exactly because of the meaning of using it to see it, just like the words in chapter 35 "seeing it is not enough to see it".

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: death, female rhyme (fat part, female sound dagger).Gate, Root, Cun, Qin Yun (Wenbu).Same with Yao Wentian.Deng Tingzhen didn't have the characters of death, female and door.The case of modesty: Wang Niansun's ancient rhyme spectrum quotes the four sentences "the taller is life" in Dadai Liyi's Benming chapter, and also rhymes with "death" and "mother".Xue Hui said: Most of Lao Zi's books use rhyme, so his posthumous words are varied and written in conjunction with rhyme, not from the meaning of a single word.In this case, if the chapter says "It is called Xuanmu", read "Min" as "no" to coordinate the previous sentence.It is said that "Xuanmuzhimen" is a special development of its words, which is in harmony with the next sentence.Or after explaining it with the words, it refers to one place as the gate of Xuanmin, which is missing.Gu Yanwu said: According to the "valley" of "valley", although Guangyun has both "Yushu" and "Gulu", in fact "yu" is the correct pronunciation.Yijing 32 "Jinggu Shooting Fish", Lu Deming's sound and meaning are the same as bath.Book Yao Dian: "Zhai Yuyi is called Yanggu." One sound desires.Note in the [-]nd year of Zuo Zhuan: "This way is in the south valley between the two confusions, and there is a sound of desire." Fan Kuai's biography of "Historical Records" "Pu Xi Hu rides across the valley", Zheng Zheng said: "The sound of the valley." Measuring horses and cattle", Suo Yin said: "The voice of the valley is desire." Laozi in Hanku County said: "The god of the valley does not die." It is also called "the god of bathing".Turning away the sound makes the sound richer. Today, people read valleys as valleys, and add "mountain" as valleys, which means richer sounds, which is not true (Tang Yun is entering the sound with three candles).It also said: "Min", the ancient sound of Fu Lu Fan.Lao Tzu: "The god of the valley does not die, it is called Xuan Min." Circumstantial evidence: Wenzi Shouwei: "Being the female of the world, so the gods can not die." Neither female nor male, neither male nor female, born but not dead." (Volume [-], [-]) Jiang Yong said: "Female" means Bi Luqie.Lao Tzu: "The god of the valley is immortal, that's called Xuan Mu." Press "M" to get the sound from the dagger, and now the sound is Birenqie, and the dialects of later generations will change, like "Min" for Meiyunqie, and "Zhun" for it. Yinqie, "Falcon" means Xiyunqie, and "口" means Juyinqie.Gu said that the descendants of the word "M" changed the pronunciation because of its vulgarity, which is not true (Standard of Ancient Rhyme, Part [-] of Shangsheng).Yan Kejun said: "Mu", the word "Mu" is also included in Guangyun Zhi and Zhen.According to the consonant sound of "death" and "mother" in Da Daiyi's original life, Laozi's "the god of the valley is not dead, it is called Xuanmie", none of them were transferred to Zhen (Speaking of the first part of Wensheng class).Wei Jiangong said: The six sentences of death, female, door, root, storage, and diligence are in harmony.The classic interpretation: "Min, frequent tolerance and rebellion, the old pronunciation supports death and reflexes, and Jianwen supports tight reflexes." It is the old pronunciation that is associated with "death", and then the pronunciation is changed to associate with the characters "door" and "root".It can be known that it was originally a complete combination (Research on Ancient Phonology [-]).

There are 22 characters in the Youjinglong stele, which is a chapter from the beginning of "Dao Chong and use it".The Dunhuang version has 23 characters, the Heshang, Wang Bi, and Fan Yingyuan version has 25 characters, and the Fu Yi version has 26 characters.Heshang's title is "Cheng Xiang No. [-]", Wang Bi's title is "Six Chapters", and Fan Yingyuan's title is "Gu Shen Immortal Chapter No. [-]".

(End of this chapter)