Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 59

【Its government is boring, its people are mellow;】

Yan Kejun said: "The man is mellow", each book is "Qi Min", and Yu Zhu, Wang Bi, and Gao Sui are "Chun Chun".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Dunhuang, and Jingfu are all written as "口口".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's two "mellow" books are "stupid".

The case of modesty: Heshanggong wrote "alcohol", and Yilin cited "口口".Nai Juan and Gu Huan were on the same river; Lou Zheng, Peng and Zhao were on the same river as Wang Bi; Wang Xizhi was on the same stone. "Alcohol" and "Chun" are commonly used in ancient times.Ma Xulun said: "Zhuangzi's chapter on Xing's "Pouring Chun and San Pu", the interpretation: "Chun, the original is also made of alcohol." This is the proof." You Dun and Sui wrote "Stupid Stupid".Said the text: "Stupid, move also." Repeatedly, describe the word.Zuo Zhao's [-] biography "Today's royal family is really stupid", note: "disturbing the appearance." The article is quoted as "stupid".And Fu, Model Ben and Yan Ben are "偆偆".Spring and Autumn Fanlu: "The one who is ugly, the appearance of joy." Said the text: "Hey, rich." Huainan Taoism should be quoted as "pure", pure is pure, that is, blunt, it is important They are all stupid and ignorant.Also "boring", Fu, Fan for "Min Min".Fan said: "Min Yinmen." The case of "Min Min" and "Meng Men" can be used interchangeably, see Chapter [-] for details. "Borrowing", said the text: "resentment." Chu Ci Xi recited "Zhongmengzhizhiyao", note: "boring." It is suspected that "boring" may be written as "resentment".The four-tone rhyme of Xia Song's ancient prose cited the word "恩" in Guzi, which is used as 口.

Yi Shunding said: According to the moral point of view, the theory goes: "If you don't give, you will not be given, Min Minmanman; Wanmin wants to save, Mo Mo is sloppy." The different text of "口口".Fu Yi's original works "Min Min" and "偆偆" are the original ones.

[Its political inspection, its population. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "Qizheng" in Dunhuang.

The case of modesty: Fu, the model "chacha" is "".In addition, the original "ren" is "people", and the original Suizhou is "human". "口" means "missing" in various works.Said the text: "Lack, the utensils are broken." Zhu Jun said: "It is said that the pottery is broken. It is also called '口' according to the word, because it is '口' by mistake."

[Calamity, the place where good fortune rests on; good fortune, where misfortune rests.Familiar with it? 】

Yan Kejun said: The imperial annotations are written as "disasters come from blessings, and blessings come from misfortunes".Heshang and Wang Bi have two characters of "Xi", but no two characters of "Zhi".

Qian's case: Jingfu, Fenxi, Louzheng, Peng, Fan, Gao, Wang Xizhi, Zhao Mengfu and Heshang and Wang Bitong.There is no word "Xi" in Suizhou version.Also "know the extreme", all the "familiarity" are "who".With this statement, people don't know where misfortune and good fortune come from.Wen Ziwei's article said: "Profit and harm are in the same family, disaster and blessing are in the same neighborhood, and there is no one who is not sacred. Therefore, it is said: 'When disaster comes, blessings rely on it, and blessings come from disasters, who knows the extreme?"" Lu Shi The Spring and Autumn System of Music says: "Those who suffer from misfortune rely on their blessings, and those who are blessed will rest on their misfortunes. The sage sees it alone, but how can everyone know its extremes?" Xunzi's rectification of his name says: "If the power is not right, the misfortune will be entrusted to the desire, and the human will It is regarded as a blessing; blessings are entrusted to evil, and people think it is a disaster. This is also why people confuse misfortunes and blessings." Another rough article says: "The one who celebrates is in the hall, and the one who hangs is in the house. Disaster and blessing are neighbors, and you don't know the door." This is the same as what Jia Yiwei said in Fu: "What is the difference between misfortune and blessing? Destiny is unpredictable, who knows its extreme?" The words are all from Laozi.And Han Fei explained the old article: "Therefore, it is said that 'misfortune lies on the foundation of happiness', so as to achieve its merits....so it is said, 'good fortune lies on the foundation of misfortune'...so it is said to people: 'Who knows the extreme ?'" Liu Shipei suspected that there were many lost texts in this section because there were five words "to achieve success" under the sentence "Woe to Xi".Also in Yulan 450 Ninth Talk Yuan quoted Lao Tzu as saying: "If you gain what you gain, you must consider its harm; if you enjoy what you enjoy, you must consider its failure. People who are good will be rewarded with blessings; those who are not good will be rewarded with disasters." Therefore, it is said: 'When misfortune comes, blessings depend on it, and blessings come when misfortunes lie there.'" Yi Shunding refers to the anecdote here with the doubts he cited.In fact, Laozi’s words cover only these three sentences. Han Fei’s “to achieve his merits” and Shuoyuan’s quotation of “the old saying” are all for later generations to develop Laozi’s purpose, not his text, so we must distinguish.

[It's not correct.The restoration of government is wonder, and the restoration of goodness is demon. 】

Yan Kejun said: "There is no righteousness in it", and the imperial annotation is "righteous and evil". "Political recovery is strange", and each book is "Zhengfu".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Yao", the imperial annotated edition is "祆", and the Dunhuang and Jingfu editions are "訞".

Bi Yuan said: Fu Yi is "口", He Shanggong is "騞", and Wang Bi is "demon".The case "yao" should be written as "口", there is no word "訞" in ancient times.

Qian's case: Fu and Fan both wrote "口", Zhao used "口", Yuzhu wrote "口", Xing Xuan, Gu, Peng wrote "祆", Suizhou originally wrote "訞". "祆", "口" and "訞" go hand in hand.The jade article shows the part: "Xiao, Yujiao cut. When the sky is against the time, it is a disaster, and the earth is against the object. It is said that the text is the mouth." And the speech part: "Xi, disaster." Li Benyu article: "The mouth, Yujiao rebellion, Calligraphy and calligraphy are also 祆 characters." Xia Song's ancient prose has four tones and rhymes that quote Guzi as "訞" (口).In another case "it is not correct", "Zheng" is read as "fixed", which means that it is not fixed.Jade article: "Uprightness, longness, and stability." This is a definitive explanation, saying that fortune and misfortune depend on each other, who knows the extreme?It is uncertain, that is, it is impossible to know where it belongs.Fu Ben has the word "xie" under "zheng", which is the same as "xie".Xi Dong also changed "positive" to "stop", saying that when there is chaos in the world, the beginning and death are like a circle, and there is no end.Although it is reasonable to say, it is unfounded to change the word with meaning, and Xi Yu changed "knowing without knowing" to "doing without knowing" in Chapter 17.

[People's fascination lasts for a long time. 】

Yan Kejun said: "People's fans", Yuzhu, Heshang, Gao Hui as "People's".

Qian's case: Fenxi, Louzheng, Gu, Fan, Zhao and Tong Yu's notes.Peng Zuo is "the fan of the people". "Its day is solid for a long time", the imperial annotation is "it is said to be solid for a long time", and Zhao's is "it is said that it has been solid for a long time", and the word "say" is wrong.Wang Xizhi, Fan, and Peng wrote "It has been a long time", which is the same as Yi Mingyi Wang's commentary and Fayan Volume [-] Li Gui's commentary.Yan and Fu also have the word "令" under "Jiu", which is the same as Fan. "People's delusion", case Han Feijie Lao said: "Anyone who loses the way he wants and acts recklessly is called a delusion." That's right.

[It is the sage who does not cut it, is honest but does not harm,]

Yan Kejun said: "Incorruptible but not harmful", the imperial annotations are "not filthy", and Wang Bi is "not dirty".

Luo Zhenyu said: Shiwen, Heshangzuo "harm", Jinglong, Jingfu, and Dunhuang are all the same.

Qianzhi Case: Naijuan, Muromachi, and Gu Huan wrote "harm", Suizhou, Fenxi, Louzheng, and Wu Neidun wrote "dirty", Han Feijie quoted this, Qiandao wrote "dirty", Daozang this article "刿".Gu Guangqi said: "The Tibetan version is based on Lao Tzu's original, and Han Fei himself made it dirty." Wang Xianshen said: "The sound of filth is close and wrong, and it is not Han Zi who wrote the filth." This case is also "刿".Both Fu and Fanben are written as "刿", and Huainan Road should also be used as "刿".Jinglong's original work of "harm" is a mistake related to the word "cut" in the above text. "刿", Zhuangzi's interpretation: "Juweifan, Sima Yun: Injury." Injury and harm have the same meaning. "Lian but not cut" is in contrast to the above "square but not cut".Fang, Fang Zheng also; Lian, also known as Lian Yu: all edges and corners hurt stabs.Yang Liang commented on Xunzi's meticulous article "Integrity but not sharpness" and said: "Integrity is sharpness. In the text:'cutness, sharpness hurts.' But there are corners of integrity, so it will not hurt the edge." The phrase "clean but not cheap" is often seen in Xunzi.Fa Xing said: "Integrity is not cheap, and it is good." Same here.

[Straight but not wanton, light but not obtrusive. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Buyao", the imperial annotation is "Yao", and Wang Bi is "Yao".

Bi Yuan said: Wang Bi "yao" as "嬥". "Yao" is commonly known as "Yao".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Jingfu, and Dunhuang are the three works of "Yao".

Wang Xianshen said: There is no word "Yao" in Shuwen, He Shanggong wrote "Yao" and Fu Ben wrote "Yao".Li Yue's original works are "square but not cut, straight but not sloppy, bright but not dazzling, honest but not rough", which is completely different from each other, and it is wrong.

Qian's case: "Yao", "Yao", and "Yao" are commonly used in ancient times.Jinnaijuan and Muromachi are used as "Yao", while Fenxi, Louzheng, Yan, Gu, Peng, Zhao, Fu and Fan are used as "Yao".Interpretation of the name: "Yao, Yao Ye, and light shining." Jade: "Yao, Yu Zhao cuts, shines also. It is also called Yao." Zhuangzi's Deliberate Article: "The light is not shining." The biography of Sima Qian in the Han Dynasty said: "Glory to the world, rebellion without a name." The interpretation is also called "嬥".The female part of Yupian: "'嬥', nothing, nothing to talk about. It’s also a relationship." The meaning can also be understood.

[Phonetic rhyme] Jiang's rhyme reading in this chapter: boring, mellow rhyme (wenbu, boring, flat tone), cha, lack of rhyme (jibu, chayinshu), calamity, yiyun (gebu, yiyinkou), fu, fu , Jiyun (Zhibu, Fu, Fang forced to reverse, Fu, Fu forced to reverse).Xi Tong: Fu, Ji, and Zhi are rhymes, and Qi and Yao are rhymes.Songs and nights are reversed, such as the example of easy to big and weak, weak to rhyme.Cut, 刿, 四, and Yao are the rhymes, and the rhyme is cut, 刿, and 四 with Yao rhyme, and the sound is transferred, such as the sound of the mouth.Gao Benhan: Boring (one is "Min"), Chun (one is "偆") are rhymes, Yao and Jiu are rhymes, 刿 (one is "filthy", and the other is "harm"), cutting is a rhyme.None of Yao Wentian, Xi Tong, Chen Zhu, and Gao Benhan knew the first and last rhymes of this chapter.Gu Yanwu and Tang Yun wrote the eighth four papers of the main volume: "reliance", the ancient sound is contrary to me.Lao Tzu "misfortune comes with blessings, and blessings come with misfortunes." Misfortune and leaning rhyme, and blessings and blessings rhyme.Jiang Yougao's general commentary on the ancient rhyme said: the ancients had a sentence whose beginning and end rhyme, such as Lao Tzu's two sentences "misfortune and blessing rely on".The third part of Jiangyong's ancient rhyme standard entry tone: "Lack", bitter point cutting.Lao Tzu: "Its government is inspected, and its people are deficient."

There are 68 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 64 characters in the Dunhuang version, seven cross characters in the Heshang and Wang versions, 73 characters in the Fu version, and 71 characters in the model version.The inscription on Heshang is "Eight of Hue", the inscription on Wang Ben is "Chapter 58", and the inscription on the model is "Chapter Eight of Qizheng Min Min".

(End of this chapter)