Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 58

【Govern the country with righteousness】

Yan Kejun said: "Yizheng", the imperial annotation is "Yizheng".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui wrote "Government".

The case of modesty: Fu Yi, Xing Xuan, Fenxi and Wenzi Shangli are quoted as "zheng".Nai Juan wrote "The Country of Righteousness", Gu Huan wrote "The Country of Righteousness", He Shanggong and Wang Bi shared this stone.Yin Wenzi quoted Lao Tzu from the avenue and said: "Govern the country with oddities, use military force, and conquer the world with nothing. The politicians are called the law." Famous legalist words.The ancient words "zheng" and "zheng" in the case are common, but this is the opposite of "qi" and it is regarded as "zheng". The 45th chapter "Quietness is the Righteousness of the World" and this chapter "I like to be quiet and the people are righteous" should both use this word.

[Using troops with oddities,]

Yan Kejun said: "Yiqi", the imperial note mistakenly read "Yiqi".

Liu Shipei said: When the words "odd" and "positive" are in opposition to each other, the strange meanings are the same as the evil ones.Guanzi Baixin's "Odd Body and Famous Disability" commentary says: "Odd, evil is not righteous." It is strange that is not righteous, and using troops with odds means not using righteous tactics.

[Take the world with nothing.How do I know it?With this. 】

The case of modesty: Those who win the world are said to win the hearts of the people. Chapter 48: "The so-called one who takes the world should have nothing to do, and even if there are things, it is not enough to take the world." The proof is based on Xunzi's King System, which says: "Chenghou, the heir, the king who collects and counts, is not enough to take the people." .Zichan, who takes the people, is not as good as the government."

Yang Liang's note: "If you are not up to it, it means that your talent is not up to it; to win the people is to win the hearts of the people." Gai Guan has things that are not enough to win the hearts of the people, that is, he knows that those who have nothing to do can win the hearts of the people and win the world.

Yan Kejun said: "Know what it is like." He Shang, Wang Bi, and Gao Hui have the word "Zai" under "Ran".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's two books "Qiran" are "the nature of the world".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Jingfu have no word "Zai".

The case of modesty: "He" in Fu and the model is "Xi", and there is the word "Tianxia" under "Zhi".Fenxi, Lou Zheng, and Gu Huantong.Yan, Peng, Gao Hui, Wu Mianxue did not have the word "this".

Yu Yue said: the few sentences from "governing the country with justice" should belong to the last chapter.For example, Chapter 21 says: "How do I know what the world is like? This is it." Chapter 54 says: "How do I know what the world is like? This is it." And the word "this" is used as the conclusion sentence at the end of the chapter. It's an example.The following "There are many taboos in the world, but people are poor" is not a chapter, and it is mistakenly combined.

[There are many taboos in the world, but people are poor; there are many sharp weapons, and the country is faint;]

Yan Kejun said: Each book refers to "people" as "people".

Wu Yun said: Fu's original works "husbands are taboos in the world", and there is no word "husband" in all the works.

Qian's case: Peng, Fan, and Gao Tong Fu Ben, with the word "husband". "Mi", Fu Ben made "口".Said the text: "口, Jiuchangye, from Changchang, Ersheng; today's word is Mi." Xiao Erya's broad interpretation: "Mi, Jiuye." He also crowned the ceremony "San Jia Mi Zun", Note: " It’s still good.” In Jin dialect, “Praise words make up prosperity”, and in Tokyo’s Fu, “the past generations make light up”, both use “Mi” as “benefit”. "There are many taboos in the world", Wang's note: "What is feared is taboo, what is hidden is taboo." It is said that the more taboos in the world, the poorer people will be. In the sentence "Multiple Weapons", He Shanggong and Wang Bishang also have the word "min", but Fu Ben does not.Suizhou, Fenxi, Louzheng, and Peng all use the word "people" as "people".There is a word "and" under Fan "Qi".Fan said: "The ancient version has the word 'and'."

【There are many tricks, and strange things grow;】

The case of modesty: "Ren" in Fu and the templates is "min", and He Shanggong and Wang Bi are "ren".Fu and Fan "there are many people who know wisdom and evil things arise." Fan said: "Wang Bi is the same as the ancient book, and evil is the same as evil." . ” It is what Wang saw that the original is doing “evil things”, and it is the same as Fu, Fan, and Lu Xi. "Jiqiao", Sima "Ji" as "benefit", Yu Zhu and Lou Zheng as "technique".The words "evil" and "odd" in the case are false.Jia Zi's Taoism: "Straightforwardness does not mean that it is righteous, but it is evil anyway." The Book of Rites Jiyi "although there are strange evils that cannot be cured", "odd evil" may be called "odd evil".Zhou Libichang "If you are guilty and strange evil, you can relate to each other", note: "It is still evil." Note: "If you are flattering the Tao today." Si saves "evil and negligent", note: "Evil means insulting the elders, speaking unscrupulously, but not being beautiful than sinners." There are many tricks in these words, and evil things will happen.In this chapter, "skillfulness" is a falsehood of "knowledge". Wang Zhu put "knowledge and wisdom" and "knowledge and falsehood" side by side.In addition, the Suizhou version is written as "knowledge", which proves that the scriptures are regarded as "many people know skillfully, and evil things arise".In ancient times, evil was called strange, and things were called things. "Wonderful things" interpreted the meaning of "evil things".However, Fu and Fan Yi are ancient and reasonable, so we should follow them.

[Dharma relics prosper, and there are many thieves. 】

Yan Kejun said: Yu Zhu, Wang Bi and Gao Hui made the "decree".He Shangyun: "Dharma things are good things."

Qian’s case: Jingfu, Naijuan, and Heshang are collectively referred to as “Fawu”, and Louzheng, Fu, Fan, and Wang Xizhi are collectively referred to as “Decrees”.The "law" of the case is true, but the "legal object" is meaningless.The original Chengshu "laws and things are like laws and decrees", knowing that "laws and decrees" have excellent meaning.Huainan Dao Yingxun, Wen Zi Dao's original chapter, Shi Ji's biography of cruel officials, and Later Han Shu's biography of Dong Yi were quoted as "laws and decrees". The word "thing" covers the word "odd things" above and is mistaken. "Laws and regulations" and "a lot of food taxes", and "a good husband and a soldier are an ominous weapon", all of which can represent Lao Tzu's political views, not just opposing precious things.Also "Zhang", Fu and Fan make "Zhang", under Fan there is the word "And", superfluous.

【So the sage said: "If I do nothing, people will transform themselves; if I am quiet, people will be righteous; if I have nothing to do, people will be rich; if I have no desires, people will be simple."]

Yan Kejun said: "Man is self-transformed", and "human" is "ermin" in each book, and the next three sentences are the same. "I have nothing to do, and people are rich by themselves", this sentence in Yuzhu is above "I am so quiet".

Bi Yuan said: There is a sentence "I am ruthless and the people will clear themselves" in the Ming Dao Canghe Gongben, but there is no such sentence in all the bibles.

Ji Yun said: There is a sentence in the case book "I am ruthless and the people clear themselves".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Pu" in Jinglong, Dunhuang, and Jingfu are all written as "Pu".There is also a sentence in Dunhuang, "I am ruthless and the people clear themselves".

The Case of Qian: Yan Zun, Xing Xuan, Fenxi, Lou Zheng, Suizhou, and Wen Zidao’s original articles, Yulan Qiliu, Wenxuan Tokyo Fu’s annotations on the sentence “nothing” and on the sentence “good tranquility”, together with Yu’s annotations same.The chapter on salt and iron on Zhou and Qin quoted Lao Tzu's sentence "no desire" on the sentence "no matter".Also, "Zheng" in Suizhou is "Zheng", Fu "Jing" is "Jing", and "Zizheng" has the word "Tianxia".

Bi Yuan said: "Jing", the originals are "quiet", and "the world", all the originals are also "min".Zhuangzi said that "all things are transformed by inaction, and the people are stable when the Yuan is quiet".And Zhao Mengfu's original version also has the sentence "I am ruthless and the people clear themselves".In Han Shu Cao Can Chuan Yan's Notes quoted "I do nothing, the people will transform themselves; I am quiet, and the people will be righteous", the text is the same as this stone, only "people" are "people".The case is written as "min", and the word "ren" in this chapter of the stele has been changed to avoid Tang taboos.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: poor, faint rhyme (the part of the text), beginning and you rhyme (the part of the song), for and Hua rhyme (the part of the song), quiet and positive rhyme (the part of the farming department), matter and rich rhyme (the part of the farming department). Department), Yu, Pu Yun (Hou Department).Yao Wentian, Deng Tingzhen and Xi Tong.Xi said: "Do nothing, be quiet, have nothing to do, have no desires, the words are different and the friendship is the same, and the text is changed to harmonize the rhyme."Yao Nai said: Tranquility is the righteousness of the world, so there is no other way to govern a country with righteousness.The strange ones are more than enough, the way of zero surplus is to prepare but not to implement, so it is possible to use troops.The world solves it with strangeness, which is absurd.Zheng and Bing rhyme together.Gu Yanwu's Tang Yunzheng has five branches: "for", the ancient sound is incorrect.Quoting Lao Tzu: "Tao is always doing nothing but doing everything. If the prince and king can keep it, all things will transform themselves." "I do nothing and the people will transform themselves." What has happened; to supplement the nature of all things and not dare to do it.”

There are 83 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 85 characters in the Dunhuang version, 88 characters in the Heshang and Wang versions, 92 characters in the Fu version, and 94 characters in the model version.Heshang's title is "Chunfeng Seven", Wang's title is "57 Chapters", and the model title is "Governing the Country Chapter Seven".

(End of this chapter)