Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 42

[The sergeant heard the Tao, and practiced it diligently;]

Yan Kejun said: "Practice it diligently". There is no word "Zhi" in the imperial notes, but Fu Yi wrote "Practice it diligently".

Qianzhi's case: Fajing Dunyi's book is "diligence can do", Luo Juan is the same as this stone, and it is different from Takeuchi's version.The template is "Qin", and the note says "ancient version".In the case of Xia Song's ancient prose, the four-tone rhyme volume one quotes Guzi as "Qin".

[The sergeant hears the Tao, if he exists, he dies; the corporal hears the Tao, he swallows it. 】

Qianzhi's case: "口", each version is written as "喵", Suizhou's version is written as "口", and the imperial note is written as "口".Fu and Fanben wrote "and laugh out loud".

Yu Yue said: According to Wang's reading of Sun Shushu magazine, "'Laughing Big', this work is 'Laughing Big', which is still a roundabout way of laughing. Mouzi cited Lao Tzu, and is writing 'Laughing Big'. Baopuzi's Weizhi chapter also says: "Laugh it big, it's been a long time." All the books that Mou and Ge saw were "Laugh it big"." Now it is according to the king. "The corporal heard the Tao, and laughed it loudly", which is opposite to the above sentence "The sergeant heard the Tao, and practiced it diligently".Fu Yi's original work: "A superior officer hears the Tao and practices it diligently; a corporal hears the Tao and laughs at it." Gai mistakenly shifted the word "and" at the beginning of the sentence, but if the word "and" is in the next sentence, it can still be used as a reference. See also. "Do it diligently" is the mistake of "do it diligently".However, "laughing loudly" is a mistake of "laughing loudly", and it can be reversed.

Gao Heng said: "Death" is pronounced as "forget", and the two characters are commonly used in ancient times.Poems and music are "not to be forgotten, not to be forgotten", saying that Yuan Jian quoted "forget" as "death" in this article.Xunzi's exhortation to study is "neglect and forget oneself", and Da Daili's exhortation to study "forget" is "death".Lu's Chunqiu Quanxun chapter "forgets the country of Jing and does not care about our people", Han Feizi's Shiguo chapter and Huainanzi's chapter on the world are "forgotten" as "death".All evidence.The poem Lvyi "worry about the heart, and Huo Wei will die", and Zheng Jian's "forgetting the words of death" are also examples.A brief example in the Book of Changes: "Those who keep the words are not the ones who get the images; those who keep the images are not the ones who are proud. Those who forget the words are the ones who get the images; those who forget the images are the ones who are proud." "Save" and "forget" are opposite Lift, the same as this article.

[It's not enough to say nothing. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: The Dunhuang version has the word "zhi" under "Xiao".

[So there are suggestions:]

Yan Kejun said: There is no word "Gu" in the imperial notes.

Qian’s case: Xingxuan, Jingfu, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Gaohong, Muromachi, and the imperial note are the same.There is the word "Yi" under "Jianyan" in the second edition of Takenouchi, which is the same as Gu Huan's edition.

Luo Zhenyu said: Dunhuang's work "is based on the words of advice".

The case of Qian: Fu and the model also have the word "Yue".Fan Yingyuan said: "The ancient editions of Wang Bi, Sun Deng, and Ruan Xiantong do not have the word 'yue' in the Heshang Gong edition." Xi Tong said: "Jianyan" should be the name of the ancient books.Gao Heng said: "Jianyan" is almost the title of the book that Laozi called it.Zhuangzi quotes the law in the human world chapter, Heguanzi Tianquan chapter quotes anecdotes, Guiguzimou chapter quotes Yin rumors, and Hanshu Yiwenzhi has rumors (Ban Zi's note "I don't know the author"), which can prove that the famous book is called Yan, the general rule of the ancients and also.

【If you are ignorant of the way of understanding, if you are retreating from the way of advancement, if you are in the same class as the way of barbarians,】

Yan Kejun said: "Ruo Lei", Yu Zhu and Wang Bi wrote "Ruo Yang".

Qian's case: "Advancement is like retreating", the imperial note "retirement" is "口", Fu Yi, Peng Si, Lin Xiyi, Zhao Mengfu's sentence is under the sentence "Yi Dao is like class". The word "Lei" is the same as Shiwen, Heshang, Dunhuang, Jingfu, Naijuan, and Gu Huan, and Fu and Fanben are "颣".Fan said: "'颣', the ancient version sounds Lei, silk festival also, Heshanggong made 'class'. Today follows the ancient version." Today's case: "颣" and "class" are common in ancient times.Guangya explained: "颣, Jie also." Popular text: "Multiple festivals are called Yang." , Note: "颣, the knot of the coil is like a silk."Zuo Zhuanzhao [-] "Punishment is quite strong", Fu Note: "It is not fair."Yi, flat also, "颣" is extended to the meaning of injustice.

[Shangde is like a valley, understanding is like humiliation,]

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's two editions of "Valley" are "vulgar".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Dabai Ruogu", the Dunhuang version of this sentence precedes "Shangde Ruogu".

Qian's case: Luojuan Dunwu's "Valley" is not "vulgar", which is different from Fajingdunyi's.Cheng Xuanying said: "'Gu' is also used as the word "vulgar" in the original, and the words can forget virtue, which is not different from the vulgar." Ma Xulun said: "Every book is the province of 'gu' and 'vulgar'. The words are high. The virtue of the highest is like the popular custom, that is, the righteousness of being in harmony with the light." Also "Dabai", Daozang Wang originally "Da" as "Tai".

The word "humiliating" is also used as "口" in Fu and Fanben.Fan said: "口" sounds insulting, black and dirty.This is the case in ancient times, but Heshang's work is "disgrace". "Bi Yuan said: "'口', Heshang Gong and Wang Bi both used 'humiliating'. Those who made '口', the so-called 'made with white' is true. There is no word '口' in Shuowen Jiezi." Qian Zhi's case : Jade article: "口, dirty and black." It should be an ancient prose of "disgrace".Guangya Interpretation III: "Humiliation, pollution, and evil." Rites and etiquette faintly said "My son is humiliating today", note: "Using white to make monks is called humiliation." It is humiliation." Humiliation has the meaning of black, which is opposite to white, so it is said that "great white is like humiliation".Yi Shunding said: "Humiliation" means "humiliation". ...It is covered with white to remove traces of insult, so it is called humiliation.The original meaning of Lao Tzu, fortunately, there are poems and rites that can prove each other.

[If Guangde is insufficient,]

The Case of Modesty: Zhuangzi’s Fables: "Lao Tzu said: 'Who will live with you? If you are humiliated, if you are innocent, if your virtue is not enough.'" The last two sentences are the same as this chapter.Also in Shiji Laozi’s original biography, Laozi taught Confucius: “A good businessman hides deep as if it is empty, a gentleman is full of virtue, and his appearance is like a fool.” It is suspected that “Guangde” is a falsehood of “Shengde”.Ma Xulun said that this article should follow Zhuangzi, writing "Sheng" is an old book, and it is true.Strictly follow the "Shengde" of this work, and you should follow it.In addition, Luo Juan's "Ruoshou" is written as "Ruoyu", which is different from other originals.

[Building virtue is like stealing,]

Kano Zhixi said: The scriptures of the Heshang Gongben and Wang Biben were originally different. Later generations assisted Yixing, but Heshang's annotations gradually faded, so the scriptures were arbitrarily changed according to Wang's version, so that the two were mixed without distinction. Fortunately, there is an old one. The banknotes are enough to make mistakes in the official edition. ……No.40-"Building virtue is like stealing, quality is like authenticity".Wang Bi’s note on the case: “Stealing is a horse. Those who build morality are natural because of things, and if they don’t establish or do anything, they are like stealing horses.” Heshang’s note: “Those who build morality can secretly lead to emptiness.” "Stealing" , this book is also called "Jie Yin".Gai Wangbi's original work is "stolen", and his training is horse; Heshang's original work is "pushing", and his training is quotation.Shuowen hand part: "Pull out, Yin Ye." Han Feizi decorated the evil article: "Pang Yuan pulled out the soldiers and went south." Hanshu Liyuezhi "God Zhi Zhi", Yan Shigu said: "Pull out, Yin Ye." It is the proof and also.It can be seen that the two scriptures are different, and the explanations are also different. Later generations, ignorant, changed "stealing" into "stealing" in order to follow Wang's version, and the annotations were also changed to "stealing", and the righteousness of the river is even more unquestionable.It is also said: In the case of Tang Jinglong's stone carvings, "Building virtue is like stealing",... then the Heshang Gongben was messed up by the Wangben, and it has been since the Tang Dynasty.

Qian's case: Heshang was originally disrupted by Wang Ben, that's right.Only this sentence does not exist in Dunhuang. He Shanggong and Wang Bi wrote "stolen", which is the same as this stone.Guangming's and Fu's works are "stealing", Gao Sui's works are "losing", Naijuan and Muromachi's works are "stealing".Fan Yingyuan said: "'lose', Fu Yiyun's 'ancient book is lost', quoted' Guang Yun said: "lost, stupid. "He Shanggong's writing is a cursive character, which turns a car into a hand." Fu Yiyun: "The error of handwriting has been used for several generations, and the word "disgrace" is less than the word "black"?" Fu Yi must have evidence at that time. Wang Bi It is written as 'stealing', and Dong Yu wrote it as 'shaking', and this is from the ancient version." The statement in the case model is wrong, Fu Yi wrote "stealing" in this sentence and "lose" in the next sentence, and the model text read "lose", which is a misquote of Fu Yi.The crime of "stealing" is also true.Said the text: "Stealing is clever and crafty. Congnu, Yu Sheng. The word also means stealing." Jun Zhu said: "Stealing fakes is for pleasure. Hanshu Shihuo Zhi: 'People steal sweet food and good clothes.' Biography of Lu Wenshu 'Stealing is everything', note: 'I'll just do it.' The book of rites: 'An Si said stealing.' Zuowen Seventeen Biography 'Qi Jun's words steal', Note: 'I'll do it.' And Tokyo Fu 'suppression of the people To steal pleasure', note: 'It's still a fluke.' And Zhang Heng in the later Han Dynasty's biography 'Though traveling to steal pleasure', note: 'Huai'an also.' Erya explained: 'Tiao, steal.' And Xunzi cultivated himself' Stealing Confucianism and turning off', not the twelve sons'Stealing Confucianism and neglecting', Note: 'When it is a loss, it is too easy to avoid things.' It is also a tease." From the above, we know "steal", "steal", "steal", "steal" The word "lose" can be used in ancient times, and the word "steal" is an old book.

Yu Yue said: According to He Shanggong’s commentary: “If a person who builds morality can steal it, he will make it empty.” Wang Bi’s commentary said: “Stealing is like a horse. Those who build morality are natural because of things. Stealing horses." However, the meaning of stealing horses has no sign in ancient times, and it is difficult to understand the meaning. ... Today, according to "jian", it should be read as "jian".The interpretation of the name and the interpretation of the words said: "Health, building, and being able to achieve something." It means that "jian" and "jian" have the same sound, and the meaning is also consistent. "Those who are strong and virtuous steal", when it comes to the virtue of vigor, it is like stealing and being lazy.It is exactly the same as the previous sentence "Guangde is not enough".

【The quality is as good as ever,】

The case of modesty: Fu Yi's original work is "straight as losing", and Nai's volume "truth" is also "straight". "Yu" and "lose" are ancient characters.Bi Yuan said: "He Shanggong and Wang Bi made 'Yu', and the ancient characters are familiar, such as 'Yuping' in Spring and Autumn Period, which is also 'Shu Ping'." For "Yu". The "truth" of "quality and authenticity" is the falsehood of "mouth". "The quality of the mouth is like jade", which refers to a simple person, slow in action, weak and weak like a fool.

Liu Shipei said: "On the case, there is a saying in the case, "If virtue is insufficient, virtue is stolen." . "Quality virtue" is the same as "Guangde" and "Building Virtue". "Guangde" is the virtue of broadness, which is opposite to "deficiency"; "Quality virtue" is a simple virtue, which is the opposite of "Yu"; the three virtues are combined.

[The big square has no corners, the big instrument is late, the big sound has no sound, and the big image has no shape.Daoyin is nameless. 】

Qian's case: "No" in Fa Jingdun Yi's edition is "No", and "No" is written in Luo Juan.

Yi Shunding said: "Greatness has no corners", and morality refers to "generosity without rules".

Gu Guangqi said: "Da Yin Xi Sheng", Fu Ben's "Xi" as "Xi", according to the same word.

Wang Xianshen said: The "sound" of Fu's version is used as "word", which is completely different from other versions.

Li Qiao said: "The beginning of Lu's Spring and Autumn Lecheng chapter says, "Great wisdom is invisible, great tools are late, and great music is rare." It does not quote Lao Tzu.

[Husband is only Taoist, good at lending and good at it. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Be good at lending and be good at it", and each book is "Successful at the same time".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Loan" in the Dunhuang version is "beginning".

The case of modesty: the second edition of the Dunhuang volume of Qianluo is missing the bottom of the "unnamed", which says "loan" as "beginning", which is based on Laozi's Yiben.Fu Ben, Zhu Wang's, and Muromachi's editions are "good loans and success", and the model version is "good goods and good success", saying: "Yan Zun and Wang Bi are the same as the ancient version, and He Shanggong's 'good loan and success', the present follows the ancient version. "According to the strict version of Yilantang, it is also written as "good loan and success", which is different from what Fan saw. Gai and Wang's version both remove the word "good", and the word "cheng" is removed at the end of the sentence in the stele version. It should be added from the model. "Cheng" and Cheng, sound, shape, and name rhyme. The meaning of "loan" is the same as that of "loan" in Zhuangzi Yingdi's article Lao Dan's saying "loan all things and the people can't rely on them". "Tao Yin has no name", which is Zhuangzi's meaning of "If you don't give a name, you will make things happy".

Yu Xingwu said: Jinglong's original work is "the husband is only the way, good at lending and good", and the word "cheng" should be removed.Dunhuang's "loan" as "beginning" is a change of voice.Zhou Yu "pure Ming is the end", note: "final, success." Also "so Gao Ming ordered the end", note: "final still succeed." Shu Gao Taomo "Xiao Shao Jiucheng", Zheng Note: " Success is still the end." It means success and end training each other, with the same meaning.However, "a good beginning and completion" means a good beginning and an end. Chapter 64 "Being cautious about the end is like the beginning", also "end" and "beginning" are opposite to each other.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: line, death rhyme (yang part), laugh, dao rhyme (you, night tong rhyme, Daoxie Yin Pirates).ignorant, retreat, class rhyme (fat part, ignorant sound sleepy, retreat, spit position reverse).Valley, disgrace, foot, steal, Yu, Yu rhyme (Houbu, Yu, Yu Yufan, Yu, Russia Yufan).Cheng, sound, shape, name, and Chengyun (Gangbu).The case of modesty: Xiao, Xiaobu, Dao, Youbu, You, Xiaotong rhyme.But it seems wrong to steal the Taoist voice. "Tao", Tu Haoqie.Ancient, only Gouqie. "Tao", the first tone, nine chapters and Shou, Jiu rhyme, fourteen chapters and you rhyme, Chapter 17 and 牖, Shao rhyme, these are examples.There are also the rhymes of Gu, humiliation, foot, steal, Yu, and Yu, Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen divide the rhyme of Gu, humiliation, and Zu (six-house entering tone), and steal, Yu, and Yu rhyme (Thirteen Hou Pingsheng).Also, the word "steal" in "Building Virtue Ruo Stealing" in Gao Ben's Han version is "stealing" and the other is "losing", both rhyme.Gu Yanwu said: "Xing", the ancient sound of Hang, quoted Lao Tzu: "A superior officer hears the Tao and practices it diligently; a sergeant hears the Tao, if he survives, he will perish." , I can’t do it.” (Tang Yunzheng Volume 52 Geng) It is also said: four sentences and two rhymes, and the language aids the word "Zhi", one has one and one has nothing, which can also be proved in other poems.Lao Tzu said, "A superior officer hears the Tao, and practices it diligently. A sergeant hears the Tao, and if he exists, he will die." Action and death rhyme.Also, Tang Yunzheng Volume 69, end of [-]th: "Mei", the word "Mei" in today's archaeological books, there are people who read it with a falling sound, and some people who read it with a sound.If the voice is gone, Mo Pei will oppose it.Lao Tzu "is ignorant of the enlightened way, as if the way of barbarians is different, and as retreating as the way of advancement".Another volume [-] Hou: "Steal", ancient Yin Yu.Lao Tzu "Building virtue is like stealing, quality is as straight as solid, and generosity is without corner".Deng Tingzhen said: Steal, Yu and Yu are rhymes. "Yu", pronounced Ruolong in ancient pronunciation.Shi Gaoqiu's "Give up your life and never change" rhymes with "Hou". "Yu", the ancient sound cover reads like a couple's flat tone.The poem "Three Stars Are in the Corner" rhymes with "Meet".Steal, Yu, and Yu ancient sounds are all Houbu characters.It is also said: The two characters Yu and Yu have the same pronunciation as Yu and Yu today, but the ancient sounds are all in the Hou family, and they follow the characters of Yu Sheng and Yu Sheng, and they should be included in the Hou. ...Lao Tzu: "Admirable virtue is like a valley, greatness is like humiliation, broad virtue is not enough, building virtue is like stealing, quality is like integrity, and generosity is like cornerstone." The flat sound of the part, and the rhyme with it, the characters of Yu Sheng are all Yu and the like, not only the words such as 伊, 友, and 草 in Tang Yun Houbu.

There are 95 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 97 characters in the Fu version, and 98 characters in the model version.Heshang’s title is “Similarity and Difference No.40-41”, Wang’s title is “Chapter 40”, and the model title is “Shangshi Wendao Chapter No.[-]-[-]”.

(End of this chapter)