Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 43

[Tao begets one, one begets two, two begets three, three begets all things. 】

The case of modesty: Huainanzi Tianwen Xun: "Day and sun rules begin with one." Wang Niansun said: "The word 'sun rules' does not correspond to the meaning of the context. Yan Ye. The law book of the Song Dynasty is written as "Tao begins with one", and there is no word "sunri". "The king of this case said it is also true.Huainan Yiben this chapter of Laozi, so the following text says: "One does not give birth, so it is divided into Yin and Yang, and Yin and Yang combine to produce all things. Therefore, one is two, two is three, and three is all things." Zhuangzi Tiandi chapter "Tai Chu There is nothing, there is no name, the one arises, the one has no form", the purpose of the first chapter of Laozi in the language version is "No name, the beginning of heaven and earth" and this chapter "Tao produces one".In addition, Huangdi Neijing Taisu Volume [-] Zhizhen Shi Chapter Yang Shangshan commented: "One is born from Tao, which is called simplicity; one is divided into two, which is called heaven and earth; three is born from two, which is called yin and yang and harmony; from three, all things are born. , divided into nine fields, four seasons, the sun and the moon, and even all things." The language also comes from this.

Another case: Dao produces one, and one is qi.Zhuang Zizhi's chapter on Journey to the North said: "The ears of the whole world have one energy, so the saints value one." Li Daochun said: "The Tao produces one, and nothingness produces one energy; one life produces two, and one energy judges yin and yang." Zhao Zhijian said: "One, the original energy, is also the beginning of Tao. In ancient times, all things in the world were born with the same energy." Da Tian Qingxuan said: "One, two, three, ancient and modern interpretations are different. The case of Huainan Tianwen: "Regulations are born, rules are killed, long-term powers are weighed, ropes are in the center, for The root of four seasons. Dao and sun rules start with one, and one does not give birth, so it is divided into yin and yang, and everything is born when yin and yang combine. Therefore, it is said that Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things.'This is based on one It is one qi, the second is yin and yang, and the third is the sum of the communication between yin and yang, which is very appropriate.” He also said: “The way of case is the principle; ’, yes. Two, yin and yang; Yin and yang, qi and qi prevail between the heaven and the earth, form and temperament, and then all things are born, so it is called "three lives and all things."

【Everything bears Yin and embraces Yang. 】

The Case of Modesty: The Huainan spirit cites "all things embrace the yang with their backs against the yin, and the qi is harmonious." negative yang".And Liezi Tianrui: "He who is harmonious is a human being." Taisu Volume [-] Zhizhenshi Chapter Yang Shangshan commented: "All things bear yin and embrace yang, and all things are born from the three qi, so the shape of a person is inseparable. Yin and Yang are also." All words are based on this. "Bao" was written by Fu Ben as "袌"; "Chong" by Fan Yingyuan and Gao Hong as "cup"; "Qi" by Zhang Sicheng as "口".

[What people hate is loneliness, widowhood, and lack of a boss, and princes and dukes think of it. 】

Yan Kejun said: "No hub", Yuzhu and Wang Bi wrote "No valley".

Wei Jiasun said: "The prince thinks it is called", and the imperial note "wanggong" is reversed.

Luo Zhenyu said: "Dunhuang's own name" is "self-named".

The case of modesty: Fu's version is "The prince calls himself", and the model version is "The prince calls himself".Fan said: "Strictly follow the same ancient version, Heshang Gong wrote 'and the prince called it', and now follows the ancient version." According to the two strict editions of Yilantang and Daozang, both "and the prince uses the name", which is different from what Fan saw.Lao Jian said: "'Wang Gong thinks it's called', which is the case in all the books of the Tang Dynasty. This 'Wang Gong' is a rhyme with the word 'Wei', just like the word 'Hou' and 'Shou' in Chapter 32, and the word 'Wang' in Chapter 39." The words "zhen" and "wang" should follow the Tang version." The case is also from the Tang version, and it is called Yunfei.

[Old things may be lost for profit, or benefited for loss. 】

Yan Kejun said: "It may be beneficial to lose", and there is no word "or" in the imperial notes.

Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "or" in the imperial annotation edition and the Dunhuang edition.

Qian’s case: Fenxi, Louzheng, Gu Huan, Peng Si, and Gao Chong also do not have the word “or”, and Yan Zunben does not have the word “or” and the first three characters.

【What people teach, I also teach:】

Luo Zhenyu said: "The imperial annotation edition and the Dunhuang edition are both written as "I also taught them by righteousness".

Qian's case: Xing Xuan, Fenxi, Lou Zheng, Peng Si, Zhao, Gao and Dun Ben are the same.Muromachi's book is "What people teach, I also teach people".Sun Sheng Laozi questioned and counter-quoted the word "Yi" under "Yi".Fu Ben "What people teach me, I also teach others", the model version "also" has the word "and".Fan Yun: "Wang Bi and Yan Zuntong wrote in the ancient editions that Heshang Gong wrote 'What people teach, I also teach'." Yan Yan's version is now written as "What people teach, I also teach", which is different from what Fan saw.The Zhuwang version and Guangming version share the same stone.

[The strong beam will not die, I will consider it the godfather. 】

The case of modesty: "Qiang" in the Dunhuang version is "qiang", and "Godfather" is "xuefu", the same as in the Fu and model editions.

Fan Yingyuan said: The sound debate says: "The ancient version is 'Xuefu', and Heshanggong is 'Godfather'." According to Shang Shu's "only half of learning in mouth", the ancient version is also used as the word "xue", so "xue" should be pronounced "口". It also teaches and has the same meaning.Father, beginning also.Today and from ancient times.

Ma Xulun said: Fan, Luo Juan and Hongming Collection Six Interpretations Huitong refuted Gu Daoist Yi Xia's theory and cited it as "school father".Cheng Shu said: "You will be the first to learn the Tao, and your father is also the foundation." It is Cheng who also called "learning father".Cheng Shu quoted Gu Huan and said: "The father of his mouth learning." Then Gu Ben wrote "口", and "Xue" was "口" province.Shuowen said: "Mouth, enlightenment also." Each book is called "Godfather".

The case of modesty: "Godfather" is the schoolfather, and it is still the same as the teacher's biography.Dialect six: "Everyone respects the old, and Southern Chu is called the father." The word "Jiang" coincides with the meaning of "Jiang" in Zhuang Zide's symbol "Qiu Jiang will be his teacher".

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.

There are 73 characters on the Youjing Longbei, Dunhuang version, He and Wang Bentong, 79 characters in Fu version, and eight characters in the model version.Heshang's title is "Daohua No.40", Wang's title is "Chapter 42", and the model title is "Daosheng Chapter 40 No.[-]".

(End of this chapter)