Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 12

[Thirty spokes make up a hub, and when there is nothing there, it is used as a cart. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: Dunhuang B, C, Jinglong, and Guangming are all written as "Thirty".

The case of modesty: Jinglong made "Thirty", Dunhuang and Guangming made "Thirty", Luo made a mistake.And the Muromachi version is also called "Thirty".Wu Yun said: "Thirty, all the books are thirty." That's right.Yupian: "Thirty, close and cut first, thirty." Also the word "radiation", the suspected version may be "輹".Yi Xiaoshu's "Yu, Tuofu", explained: "'Fu', originally written as '輹'." Shuowen cited as "輹".The four tones of Xia Song's ancient prose rhyme with the word "輹", which is a reference to the ancient zi, but there is no word "radiation".

Bi Yuan said: All the sentences are concluded with "as if there is nothing".Case Kao Gongji "Those who benefit and turn, use nothing to make use of it", should use the word "you" to break the sentence.Same below.Yang Shuda said: "There is nothing" is a sentence, and the sentence "the use of a car" is incomplete, so it can be said at discretion.

Qian Mo said: Kaogong Ji said: "The wheel has thirty spokes, like the sun and the moon." The thirty days of the day meet the moon, and the number of spokes resembles it. Lao Tzu also said.He also said: "The gathering of spokes is called the hub." Laozi said: "Thirty spokes make up a hub, and when there is nothing there, use it as a cart." He Shanggong said: "Nothing is empty." Therefore, Kaogongji Note Yiyun: "Those who turn sharply use nothing." Shuowen Jiezi: "The hub is what the spokes gather together." It is said that the outside of the hub is gathered by the spokes, and the center is empty to receive the shaft, so as to use it for turning. (For the examination of the vehicle system, see Volume [-] of the Continuation of the Interpretation of the Qing Jingjie).

【埏埴 thinks that it is a device, when it does not exist, it is used as a device. 】

Ji Yun said: According to "埏", all the books are "埏", but the interpretation is "挻".

Luo Zhenyu said: "The original work is "埏", and the word "挻" is published in the interpretation. The original work of Zhi Wang is "挻".The Royal Note is the same.The Jinglong version and the Dunhuang B version are "Yuan".

Ma Xulun said: If there is no word "埏" in the text, it should be written as "挻" according to Wang's original.

The case of modesty: "埏" and "挻" have the same meaning, so there is no need to change the characters.Shuowen: "挻, long, from the hand to the extension." Zilin: "'挻', soft, today's word is 'rub'." Zhu Jun said: "Every soft thing, lead it to make it long, and knead it. It makes it short, can be folded or combined, can be squared or rounded, and is called 挻." Wang Niansun said: "'挻' is also harmonious.

Lao Tzu: "I think it's a weapon." The Lord of the River said: "挻, harmony; 埴, soil."He soil is regarded as a food and drink utensil. ’ Taixuan Xuanwen: ‘It is transformed from yin and yang. ’ Xiao Gai’s Han Shu Xu Chuan Yin Yi quoted Shou Zhong’s note and said: ‘挻, and also. "Huainan Spiritual Article:" For example, the restraint of the pottery people is also. Xiao Gai cited Xu Shen's note and said: "挻, kneading." ”Qi Ce: “Tao Jing called the earth puppet and said: “The soil on the west bank of the son is also, and the son thinks it is a human being.” 'Righteousness and harmony are connected. "From the above, we know that "挻" has the meaning of kneading, but the scriptures make it "Yu". Evil nature: "The pottery people used it as a weapon. " You said: "The pottery people make tiles by making pottery. "Note: "埏 sound mutton, strike also; 埴, clay also. "And Zhuangzi's Horseshoe Chapter: "The Taoist said: 'I am good at governing the cave. '" Cui Yun: "Soil also. " Sima Yun said: "Soil can be used as pottery. "Wenyi is the same as Lao Tzu, so you should follow it.

[Cutting out a household is thought of as a room, and when there is nothing there, it is used as a room. 】

The case of modesty: This sentence in the Jinglong stele is a chapter.

[If you have it, you will benefit, if you don't, you will use it. 】

Yan Kejun said: "It is beneficial to have it", and there is the word "so" in each sentence.

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Dunhuang B, and C have no word "Gu".

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Gao Benhan: spoke, hub rhyme.Explanation of the case: "'轮' sound blessing, car spoke. 'Hub', ancient wood, car hub." Gu Yanwu Tang Yunzheng's flat voice is Jiuma: "'che', ancient sound residence. Wang Yinglin said: 'The original sound of the ancient "che" is "ju ", to say that the sound of "Chizhe" first appeared in the text, and the sound was transferred from the Han Dynasty. Lu's interpretation quoted Wei Zhaoyun: "In ancient times, it was "Chizhe", but in the later Han Dynasty, there was the sound of "Ju", no."

The Youjinglong tablet version has one chapter and two sentences, 48 ​​characters, the Dunhuang version has 47 characters, and the Heshang, Wang Bi, Fu, and model versions have 49 characters.He Shang titled "Useless No. 11", Wang Ben titled "Eleven Chapters", and the model title "Thirty Chapters No. 11".

(End of this chapter)