Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 11

[Zai Ying soul embraces one, can there be no separation? 】

Yan Kejun said: "There can be no separation". Fu Yi and Wang Bi's near engraved sentence has the word "hu" at the end of the sentence, and the next five sentences are all the same.

Yu Yue said: There is no word "Hu" in the Heshang Gongben, and there is no word "Hu" in the Tang Jinglong Monument. However, Huainan Road should quote Lao Tzu as saying: "Zaiying soul embraces one, can there be no separation? Dedicated to softness, can be like a baby Hu?" The ancient version inherently has the word "Hu".

The case of modesty: the word "hu" is a derivative.Luo Zhenyu said: "Jinglong, Yuzhu, Dunhuang B, C, and Yinglun all have no "hu" character, and the word "hu" will be the same in the future." Li Daochun said: "'Bao Yi Neng Wu Li' has written six sentences. , add a word 'almost', no."

The first word "Zai" is according to Guo Zhongshu's Peixi volume: "That's why Laozi changed 'Zai' to 'Zai' in the last volume." Note cloud: "Tang Xuanzong's edict: 'I admire the sacred teachings, Qin Sixuanzong, immediately Changing the word "Zai" in the Tao Te Ching to "Zai" still belongs to the above. When it was agreed, everyone thought it was true, so it was intricate and true, and it became a commentary cloud.'" Sun Yirang wrote: "The old notes of the case are combined with the words 'Heaven's "Tao" is broken, and read "Zai Ying Po Bao Yi" as a sentence. Huainan Zidao Yingxun and Qunshu Zhiyao 39 quote "Dao" and the word "ye", and the chapters and sentences are also the same. Chu Ci travels far: "Containing the soul and ascending to the clouds." Wang Zhuyun: "Embracing my soul and ascending." Qu Zi seems to use Laozi's words. However, from the pre-Qin and Western Han to the present, those who interpret this book have read the same. Yuan Gui recorded Tang Xuanzong Tianbao Five Years Edict: "Change the word "Zai" in the Tao Te Ching to "Zai", which still belongs to the previous sentence, so it becomes a commentary." The note also quotes Xuanzong's edict. The 37th chapter of the Taoist Scripture and the Xuanzong annotation, and only Chapter 10 has a word "Zai", then Xuanzong changed it to "Zai", that is, the word "Zai"; and changed it It belongs to the sentence of "Tao of Heaven" in the previous chapter. Today's Yizhou stone carving Xuanzong Tao Te Ching is still read as "zai", which is also the same as the old one. The stone was erected in the 20th year of Kaiyuan, and it has been changed since it was built. In the front, it still follows the old meaning. The ancient characters of "zai" and "zai" are familiar. Although Xuanzong's reading is completely different from the ancient ones, it can still be understood when he examines the text and corrects the meaning. Although the stone inscriptions in the Kaiyuan edition exist, it does not correspond to the Tianbao imperial edict. In modern times, Bi Yuan (examination of differences), Qian Daxin (postscript to Qianyantang Jinshi), Wu Yi (postscript to Shitang Jinshi), Wang Chang (compiled by Jinshicui) ) Examination and recording of the imperial annotations, it is impossible to prove it. Now we use the imperial edict to push the stone version, get its traces, chat and record it, so as to save differences in reading."

The second word "Bao" was written as "袌" by Fu Ben and Gao Hong.Bi Yuan said: "In all the books, '袌' is combined as 'bao', case 袌, 褱 also, embracing the same 捊, taking also, meaning different, using the word '袌'."

The case of modesty: Bi said no.The part of the Guangyun number is "袌, skirt", and it also says: "clothes at present." It has a different meaning from the word "bao".Chapter 42 of the scriptures "All things bear Yin and embrace Yang", Chapter 64 "A tree that embraces", Chapter 22 "Seeing the simplicity and embrace simplicity", and Chapter [-] "It is the way of the world to hold one with the sage", all of which are written by Fu Yi as "袌".Bi Yuan said: "'Qi' is called 'holding', that's not true. According to the current custom, Heshang Gong and Wang Bi's books are combined as 'holding'." Bi said that there is no basis for it.The word "袌" in Guangyun has the word "菢" on it, and it notes "bird laying down on the egg", which is suspected to be the orthographic character of "Bao", which has a better meaning than the word "袌".

Liu Shipei said: Case Su Wen Tiao Jing Lun said: "Take blood from the camp." Huainan Zi Chu Zhen said: "Madam's work is her god, and her essence is the camp (sentence), but wisdom is sought outside (high note) "Yinghui" read continuously, lose it), all of them lose their gods and leave their houses." Fayan's self-cultivation article says: "The soul of the soul is empty and dry, and the soul is empty and sinking." This "ying soul" means that What Suwen and Huainan said about "ying" is also what Fayan called "yinghun".The Songs of Chu traveled far and wide, "carrying the soul and ascending to the sky", Wang's note: "Embracing my soul and ascending." It is an old lesson for the Han people to carry the training and use the soul to train the soul.Those who carry the spirit of the camp are those who hold their gods.Carrying and holding are synonymous.As for the word "hu" in this article, it should be derived from the Heshang version and the Jinglong stele, as well as the "hu" characters below.

The case of modesty: Although Liu said that it is true, but training the soul with the soul seems to have not yet come.The soul, the body, is different from the soul. Therefore, there is a "body and soul" in ritual luck, and a "shape and soul" in suburban special animals.The soul is Yang and Qi, and the soul is Yin and form.Gao You's commentary on Huainan Shuo Shan Xun said: "The soul is the god of Yin, and the soul is the god of Yang." Wang Yi's commentary on the great move of Chu Ci said: "The soul is the essence of Yang, and the soul is the shape of Yin." This Yunyingpo is Yinpo.Su Wen's essence adjustment theory "take blood from the camp", note: "The camp is the main blood, and the yin is also." Huainan spiritual training: "The candle camp refers to the sky." Those who know the camp are yin, camp training is yin, not training is spirit. "Zaiying soul embraces one" is to protect the yang soul with the yin soul.Embracing is like chickens embracing eggs, one holds qi and soul, while the other holds the body of flesh and blood, keeping the qi and keeping it from dispersing. In this way, the body and spirit are combined, the soul and soul are combined, and the spirit is combined to calm down. Therefore, it is said: "Can you be inseparable?"

[Dedicated energy to softness, can it be a baby? 】

The case of modesty: There is no word "Hu" in Jingluntang, the same below. "Baby" is used as "口", and the note is also used as "口".Jingfu is the same. "Qi", the template is "口". Under "neng", Fu Yi's and Muromachi's editions have the word "ru".Huainan Road should also use "Zhi" as "Zhi".Xi Tong said: "Fu Yi's book has the word 'ru' under 'neng', which is added to meet his friendship. Huainan Road should teach that there is a word 'wu' under the word 'neng', which covers 'wuli', 'wuwei' and 'wuwei'. The words "wuzhi" and "wuzhi" are derived from the word "no". Zhuangzi Gengsang Chu quoted Lao Tzu as saying: "Can you be a Dong? Can you be a son?" It is exactly the same as this article."

The case of modesty: the word "Qi" is the simple materialism thought of the Chinese sages.Lao Tzu's "dedicated qi" is the "kneading qi" of Guanzi Neiye, the so-called "kneading qi is like a god, and everything is preserved" (Yin's note "kneading means gathering together").He also said: "This qi cannot be stopped with force."In addition, both Xinshuxia and Neiye cited "Can you shape Qi? Can you unite? Can you know good and bad without divination? Can you stop? Can you do it? Can you get it without asking others"?This is the same as Zhuangzi Gengsang Chu's article, but before this article, "Lao Tzu said the classic of hygiene" was quoted.It can also be seen that Laozi's book actually contains the words of ancient doctors.Mencius also said that "one ambition moves the qi", and the note: "If the ambition is single-minded, the qi will move it." It is also similar to the theory of dedicated qi.

【Purge Xuanlan, can it be flawless?Love people and rule the country, can you do nothing?The gate of heaven opens and closes, can it be a female?Knowing all things, can you be ignorant? 】

Xi Tong said: "Xuan" is borrowed as "dizzy".In Xunzi's main essay, "If Zhou Mi is secret, then the next question is mysterious." Yang's note: "Xuan, may be read as dizzy." It is an example.Wenzi Shangde Pian and Huainan Zhushu Training both say: "If the mind is in the eyes, the eyes will be dizzy." "Xuan Lan" is like a false view.To purify false views, to make the mind blind.When the mind has no eyes, it is empty and quiet, without hindering things.Huainan's general discussion "there are flaws in the old eyes", with a high note: "flaws are superfluous."

Yan Kejun said: "Love people", each book is "Love the people". "Can do nothing", Wang Bi said "ignorance". "Can be a female", and "no female" on the river. "Can be ignorant", Wang Bi is "doing nothing".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Love the people", Jing Long originally avoided using "people". Under "Guo", the Dunhuang C edition is "but ignorant", and Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Yinglun are all "capable and inaction". "Tianmen", Dunhuang C version as "Heaven and Earth". Under the "close", the Dunhuang C version is written as "and for", and Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Yinglun are all written as "can do". Under "Da", the Dunhuang C edition is "able to do nothing", and the Jinglong, Yuzhu, Jingfu, and Yinglun editions are all "capable of ignorance".

Li Qiao said: "Patriotic rule of the people", Heshang's "government" is "living", false. "The Gate of Heaven opens and closes", Cheng Shu said: "Heshang Gong's book is 'Heaven and Earth Open and Close'."

Yu Yue said: According to the Tang Jinglong stele, it is written, "Love the people and govern the country, can you do nothing? Open and close the gate of heaven, can you be a female? Know the four things, can you be ignorant"?Its righteousness wins, and it should be followed. "Loving the people and governing the country can do nothing" is Confucius' purpose of "governing the country by doing nothing". "Understanding the four things can be ignorant", which means "knowing the white and keeping the black".Wang Bi was mistaken.The two sentences of Heshang Gongben are combined as "ignorance", and the words are repeated. "The opening and closing of the gate of heaven can have no female", the meaning is incomprehensible, and it is wrong to cover the context of the sentences.Wang Bi's commentary says: "Speaking of the opening and closing of the gate of heaven, can you be a female? Then things will be safe by themselves." This is Wang Bi's original work "Can be a female".He Shanggong commented: "The body should be governed like a female, quiet and weak." It is also not "no female".Therefore, we know that the word "wu" is an error in biography, so it should be corrected according to Jinglong's edition.

Qian's case: Yu said yes.The Jinglong version is "female", while the Dunhuang version, Fu version and model version are all the same.Fan Yingyuan said: "Both Heshang Gong and Su Annotations are written as 'being a female', and one book may be written as 'no female', which may not be the meaning of the scriptures; in Gaidang scriptures, there is also 'knowing the male and keeping the female', which is also reasonable. 'For female'." The stone editions of today's case are like Xingxuan, Jingfu, Qingyang, Fenxi, and Louzheng, and the king's editions are like Daozang edition and Jitang script edition, all of which are written as "Wei female", the same as Jinglong.Ji Yun's collegial collection of rare editions also says: "Annotation Wang Annotates meaning, 'no' seems to be 'doing'." Liu Weiyong also quotes Wang's scriptures in the collection of moral scriptures, which is the same as Jinglong, except that every two sentences add a "hu". Character.

[Living animals are born without being born, used without relying on them, and grown without being slaughtered, this is called Xuande. 】

Qian's case: the next two sentences of "born without existence" are the same as those in the second chapter. "Reliance", Heshang's original work is "servant", and Zhuangzi's Dasheng chapter quotes "doing without relying on, growing without killing", the same.Gu Bencheng said: "So giving is for benefit, and there is no way to rely on it." Zhuangzi's great master Chengshu said: "If you do it without relying on it, and if you grow it without killing it, how can you rely on the achievements and want to deal with things first?" It is also known as "reliance" in what you see. The sentence "It is Xuande" has three views of the CCP in the scriptures, and the next four sentences in Chapter 51 "Born without existence" are the same. In chapter 65, "Known regular script is called Xuande", Xi Tong said: "'Xuande' is like the ultimate virtue, because it is far-reaching, so it is also Xuande." This is a word of praise, so it does not avoid overlap.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Li, Er, Zhen, Wei, Zhen (female), Zhiyun (song, Zhitong rhyme, Li from Xie Yin, is Xie Yinwei. The word "female" in the case was mistakenly written as "" defect").There are, rely on, and Zai Yun (the department, Zai Yinzi).Yao Wentian, Deng Tingzhen: Li, Er, Zhen, Zhi, Female, Zhiyun.Qian's case: Li, Wei, song department, son, female, Zhi, branch, for, ancient sound Yi, this song and branch rhyme.There are also rhymes of, relying on, slaughtering and virtue.Xi Tong, Gao Ben Han Tong.Chen Zhu uses Li, Er, Qi, Zhi, Female, Wei, Zhi, You, Reliance, Zai, and Virtue as rhymes, not only singing and branching rhymes, but also Zhi and branching. Chapter 28 Female, Xi, Li, Er, Yige, Zhitong rhyme.Zhang Geng's ancient rhyme invented the Fanli saying: "Chu people's songs, Ge Zhuanzhi, Jianghuai Han, and Huan Zhuan songs, all of which change and cannot be changed." This proves that there are many Chu dialects in Laozi's books.Gu Yanwu's Tang Yun main volume two or five pieces: "Li", ancient Yinluo, citing this chapter and Chapter 28 of Lao Tzu.Zhuangzi's Horseshoe Pian: "It's like ignorance, its virtue is inseparable." In Yu Pian: "If he knows it, he is detached from it." At the beginning, the words "li" and "wei" rhyme with "knowledge".The second part of Jiangyong's ancient rhyme standard flat tone said: "For example, the word 'li', Shao Siming's chapter said: 'There is no sorrow to be separated from life, and there is no joy to know each other.' Gu misunderstood it, saying that the last sentence is not Enter the rhyme. However, Lao Tzu uses the rhyme of "li", qua, female, Zhi, and Xi, and Zhuang Zi uses the rhyme of "li", which is the most vivid one. Lao and Zhuang use the word "li" to change their pronunciation, so Qu Zi uses Is the word 'li' better than its sound?" Zhang Geng's ancient rhyme invented the first category to quote this, and said: "the Li rhyme of Shaosi Ming cited by Jiang's family should follow the Chu dialect. Both Lao and Zhuang are from Chu, so Combined with the sound of Chu, all the rhymes should be read separately in this way." Deng Tingzhen said: The rhymes used in this chapter are quite different. "Li", read Ruoluo in ancient times.Shi Xintai and Shi Yun, Shi Guyin it; Yili Jiusanyu's speech and song, sigh rhyme, and sigh ancient pronunciation; there is no one who rhymes with Zhi and Zhibu.And this chapter uses rhyme, chi, female, and zhi, and "Qi" and "female" are all the same sounds, belonging to the Zhibu.Shi Xintai uses "泚" to rhyme with "Mi", Che Gong uses "泚" to rhyme with "潽", "泚" and "Chai" all have the same sound; and this chapter uses the rhyme of Li, Er, Zhi, Er, Zhi, and Li branch. All six poems with the word "Zhi" rhyme with the characters Zhi, 觿, Zhi, Ji, Chi, etc., but this chapter rhymes with Li, Fade, and Female, and it does not match the three hundred chapters.However, the poem Xiaobian "still seeks its female", and it rhymes with Ji, Zhi, and Zhi, and it has been changed due to the proximity of the sound.In addition, the "knowledge" of "can be ignorant" is written as "for", and the ancient pronunciation of "for" is wrong, and it rhymes with Li rhyme.It is not wrong to write "doing" in one book; it is wrong to write "knowledge" in one book.And Gu Yanwu Tang Yun Zhengjuan 44 [-] has: "Yes", the ancient sound is .Quoting Lao Tzu: "To be born without existence, to do without relying on it, to grow without slaughter." Knowing to stop, knowing to stop will not perish; for example, Dao is in the world, just like rivers and valleys are in rivers and seas." "No cunning and profit, there will be no thieves." There are many."

There are 63 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, the same in the Dunhuang version and the Heshang version, 69 characters in the Wang Bi version, and 72 characters in the Fu and Fan versions.Heshang's title is "Neng is the tenth", Wang Bi's title is "Ten Chapters", and Fan Yingyuan's title is "Zai Ying Po Chapter Ten".

(End of this chapter)