This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 15 Are you afraid of Chinese? ——Chinese learning method for top students (1)
Chinese knowledge itself contains the knowledge of various subjects, mainly literature, history and philosophy; Chinese is also a tool subject and a basic subject for learning other subjects.Everyone knows that the definition of other disciplines, the narration and interpretation of concepts, the deduction and reasoning of judgments and conclusions must rely on Chinese to complete.Without the tool and foundation of Chinese, no subject can stand up, but it is all in a state of disunity.

The learning method of top students.

As we all know, language proficiency cannot be improved overnight or in a short period of time, it depends on long-term accumulation and extensive contact.

Li Jiang, who came first in the Chinese single subject of the college entrance examination from Shandong, summed up his Chinese learning as a process of "extensive observation and selection, accumulation and accumulation".

Li Jiang usually carries several small notebooks with him, two of which are used for Chinese.One is a special collection of words and words, which collects all the words that are easy to be mispronounced and words (mainly idioms) that are easy to be misunderstood and words (mainly idioms) that are usually seen, and then use morning reading to read aloud to strengthen memory; the other is a collection of abstracts, which specially collects some As the saying goes, or extract some articles, paragraphs, sentences, etc. that he thinks are better from newspapers. If the excerpt is too long, cut it out and paste it on the notebook, and take it out when you sleep at night. Memories can also be hypnotized.

Every day, Li Jiang has one more thing to do in bed. He keeps a dictionary of idioms by his pillow for a long time, and he reads 3 to 5 idioms before going to bed.He said, don't think that you read less each time, once you stick to it for a long time, you will remember more than 1000 idioms a year.

The superficial benefits brought to him by these trivial tasks are: "It was not until later that I realized how important these accumulations are to me. Because in this year's college entrance examination, in the first three major questions of pronunciation, characters, words, and sentences, I haven't lost a single point."

Classical Chinese is undoubtedly a tough nut to crack in the college entrance examination.Many candidates are afraid of three points when they mention classical Chinese, because the language habits of ancient society are very different from those of today.Li Jiang also has his own way of dealing with classical Chinese.What he pays attention to is also accumulation. According to him, he usually needs to look through classical Chinese dictionaries more often.He believes that many students feel that classical Chinese is difficult, but the difficulty lies in some content words and function words.In fact, there is no need to ask for complete usage of content words and function words in classical Chinese, as long as you can master the usage of content words and function words in classical Chinese and some special example sentences stipulated in the examination syllabus.

Li Jiang said that in fact, there are not many content words and function words in classical Chinese that are required to be mastered in the examination syllabus. In 2004, there were about 100 content words in classical Chinese and only 18 function words in classical Chinese. It's very small.

And Lee will do just that.

This kind of persistence has greatly reduced Li Jiang's error rate in the usual exams. After entering the third round of review, he got all the classical Chinese multiple-choice questions correct every time, even in the Chinese language reading multiple-choice part of the college entrance examination. Slip away, and only lost one point for the entire classical Chinese section.

Chinese is ubiquitous and cannot be separated from every field of life, so Li Jiang emphasized the big language concept in Chinese learning. He paid great attention to extensive intake, formed a certain accumulation, and then tried to apply it flexibly.He said that the big language view requires us to learn to pay attention to our surroundings. In fact, there are many things around us that we can't learn in books, and these often lie between your intention and inadvertence.For example, some famous quotes posted on campus, advertisements on TV or billboards, etc., these can be noticed and accumulated for future needs.

Li Jiang's usual "attention" did not let him waste his energy. In a mock exam at the school before the college entrance examination, there was a question asking candidates to draw a couplet for a bookstore, store, or cafeteria.If Li Jiang had to think and make up all by himself, one is that time does not allow him to think too much, and the other is that what he thinks may not be able to get a high score.At that time, General Li remembered a pair of couplets he saw when he was visiting a bookstore once, and isn’t there a bookstore in the title?So he moved the couplet of "Scholarly rich and talented, talented and talented" to it, and finally got a full score.In the Chinese test questions of the college entrance examination, the first couplet of the Youdao test question is "the motherland is good", and candidates are required to write the second couplet. Li Jiang quickly matched the second couplet of "people's life is sweet". He scored 12 points for this question. scored 11 points.

In fact, many celebrities have finally achieved themselves through accumulation and accumulation.

Wu Han, a famous modern historian in our country, is good at writing articles with profound historical knowledge and elegant writing style, which comes from his unique "excerpt cards".For decades, whenever Wu Han came across materials that he thought were valuable, he would write them down on cards, and keep them classified by content and nature.His experience in making cards is: write only one content on a card, add the title, mark the category, and clearly write the source of the information, that is, the author, title, page number, etc.

American writer Jack London also likes to record things.Anyone who has been to his house finds it very strange: on the curtains, on the hangers, on the cabinets, on the head of the bed, on the mirror, on the wall... There are all kinds of small notes everywhere. I thought it was some kind of special decoration.

Actually, these little notes are not blank.It is full of all kinds of materials he collected: there are wonderful words, vivid metaphors, and all kinds of materials.Jack London never wanted time to slip by under his nose.Before going to bed, he silently read the small note on the bedside; when he woke up the next morning, he read the small note on the wall while dressing; while shaving, he looked at the small note on the mirror; While pacing and resting, he recalled the content on the small note, and at the same time looked for words and materials that inspired his creation.Not only at home, but also when going out.When going out, Jack London put the little note in his pocket, and whenever he was free, he would take it out anytime and anywhere to have a look, think about it, and write it down.Because of his perseverance in collecting and accumulating materials, putting them into his mind bit by bit, and using them flexibly, he has written brilliant works one after another.

Accumulate the learning method to achieve: When reading and studying, you should write down your own experience and questions in the book in time, and make your own specific symbols in the places you think are important; take notes after reading, record or extract What is most useful to you; jot down your thoughts, information, etc. at all times; most importantly, you try to make it a habit.

As a basic tool subject, Chinese is not easy to learn well.It has a vast system and a lot of content, integrating ideas, knowledge and art. It needs to gradually train good perception and acceptance. However, as a general study in middle school, it needs solid writing and language skills, good reading habits and fluency. It should be said that it is not too difficult to achieve this goal, and there are rules to follow.Here, first of all, we need to correct an understanding that the improvement of Chinese performance depends on the enhancement of Chinese literacy, which is a gradual and subtle process.The richness of Chinese learning content and the long-term learning time determine that it cannot be accomplished overnight, so you should not rush for quick success and get results for exams, but should have a solid Chinese foundation and work hard to learn it as a skill to live in the world.

Read more legal Chinese.

People who read a lot will definitely not be bad at writing.

One year, Ling Chao, who won the perfect score in the composition of the Shanghai paper, read "The Complete Works of Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales", "How the Steel Was Tempered", "Camel Xiangzi", "Guanzhi" and other works when he was in elementary school; Read "Historical Records", "Han Shu", "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Li Bai Poems" and other ancient masterpieces, and also read "Homer's Epic", "Don Quixote", "John Christophe" Husband”, “The Complete Works of Shakespeare” and other famous foreign works; after entering high school, in addition to continuing to read Chinese and foreign literary works, he also read a lot of literary works, such as “Human Cihua”, “Wang Guowei’s Classical Works”, etc., especially the A large number of philosophical books, such as "Ten Lectures of the Book of Changes", "Selected Readings of Original Works of Western Philosophy", "History of Western Philosophy", "Philosophical Research", etc.It is these master works and master monographs that greatly enrich and enrich Ling Chao's cultural heritage, nourish Ling Chao's growth, and make him far superior to his peers in reading and writing.His composition is lofty, fluent, and full of talent. He won the first prize in the Shanghai "Taofen Cup" composition competition when he was still in the second year of high school, and the first prize in the composition competition for senior high school students in Shanghai when he was in the third year of high school; The grades also rely on a solid logic and philosophy foundation and are outstanding.He was finally admitted to the Chinese Department of Peking University with a high score of 566 points.

It can be said that Ling Chao attaches great importance to reading, and his practical ability fully reflects the value of reading.Looking at many students nowadays, they bury their heads in the sea of ​​questions and fill in their knowledge-seeking years by solving problems, but put reading behind them; many parents do not encourage their children to read, as long as they see their children doing the questions, they feel at ease.It is true that if you spend a lot of time on solving problems, you may be able to temporarily obtain paper grades in tests and exams, but the knowledge gained by solving problems is very limited after all.Due to not paying attention to reading, the scope of knowledge is bound to be narrow, it is difficult to broaden the field of vision, and the accumulation is naturally poor. This phenomenon abounds. Once the topic is slightly changed, the understanding often deviates. , is unimaginable.

Reading and writing are the main signs of a person's language ability.Everyone should grasp the essence of these two points in their studies.Reading is the main source of Chinese materials. From the upper grades of elementary school, we should read some famous works in a planned way to continuously expand our knowledge.Senior high school students already have strong self-study ability. They should formulate their own reading plans according to the relevant reading lists, which are divided into classical and modern in terms of age, and poetry and prose in terms of genre.The country is divided into China and foreign countries, but you can focus on reading according to your own preferences.Also dabble in today's newspapers and magazines and exquisite current affairs, and care about current affairs news.It is not enough to learn Chinese only through textbooks. It is necessary to study society and understand life.At that time, there are more things that do not need to be explained. Read more and read more to comprehend, understand, and improve.

The most important content of Chinese learning is reading.To learn Chinese well, it is not enough to just read a few textbooks. You must read a lot of extracurricular books to get rich spiritual nourishment from the books.To study hard, you must cherish the time and seize every minute and second.Ouyang Xiu is good at using the time of "three ups" to read, that is, "immediately, on the pillow, and on the toilet", while Zheng Banqiao uses the sporadic time of "in the boat, on the horse, and under the quilt" to read and recite.The spirit of diligent study of the ancients is worth learning.

Keep a diary and practice your brushwork.

Composition is a big part of Chinese learning. In addition to reading more, practicing writing is another main way to improve composition ability.Among them, writing a diary is the main form of pen practice.

A diary is to record what you say, do, see, hear, think and feel in a day in a selective and focused way.The role of diaries in accumulating writing materials and storing knowledge is also obvious.Not only is the form of the diary very flexible, it can be long or short, it can be narrated, discussed, described, lyrical, and explained, but the content is also very extensive, and it can talk about everything.The diary is written for yourself, and you can write whatever you think without too much processing.The writing may be very simple at first, and the language may not be fluent, but if you keep writing, you will gradually improve.The main purpose of writing a diary is to practice writing, to practice the expressiveness of objective things and the ability to express one's own thoughts and feelings.

Liberal arts champion Sun Tianyu trained his writing ability by keeping a diary.

He usually sees a certain thing, even if it is a flower or a grass, or meets or hears about a certain thing, even if it is commonplace and not surprising, as long as he feels something, he will write down his feelings and thoughts. Opinion, as long as it is written, it will improve, it doesn't matter whether it is good or bad.If he persists in this way, over time, his thoughts will come quickly when he writes the composition, because he can get a lot of materials from his daily diary. If the inspiration of the composition matches the diary, he will feel effortless and write smoothly. Relatively fluent.

Keeping a diary like this for a long time is of great help to improve the level of composition.In addition, we can also find some model essays that are similar to our own writing style and learn their strengths.

Therefore, you can write as long as it is beneficial to practice your pen.When writing a diary, we should pay attention to combining the training of observation ability with the training of feeling ability and thinking ability.Diaries often record trivial things around you, but you should pay attention to expressing your thoughts and feelings and reflecting your own views and opinions from these trivial things.Many good diaries are praised for writing some inconspicuous small and trivial matters in a concrete and vivid way, and revealing certain truths from them.When writing a diary, you must insist on writing the truth, telling the truth, expressing your true feelings, and truly achieving "I write my heart with my hand".Whether the article is written with literary talent is determined by years of practice and personal understanding, so we don't have to pay too much attention to it.

The development of good study habits requires strong perseverance and continuous and conscious cultivation.As long as there is determination, good habits can be formed.This pair of people will be a huge wealth in their life, and they can enjoy it forever.

Diligent in reading and reciting.

Reading aloud and reciting is an important method of Chinese traditional learning in our country, and it is an important way to accumulate language and cultivate language sense.

Zhu Ziqing regards recitation as an important method of understanding and appreciating original works, and advocates that not only reading poems and other literary works requires recitation, but also rereading classic works.He pointed out in the article "On Hundred Readings": "The classics give people knowledge and teach people how to be a human being. There are many topics in language, history, and self-cultivation, and there are many annotations. In addition, there are many related textual researches. Read Hundreds of times, it may not be able to penetrate everywhere, it is reasonable to teach people to read more."

Fu Lei has read a lot of books all his life. He has profound knowledge in various fields such as literature, painting, music, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. He also has very high requirements for the education and training of his two sons.

The second son Fu Min once recalled that when he first entered junior high school, his father asked him to read "Guwen Guanzhi".Fu Lei said to his son: "This anthology of ancient texts, from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, has a total of 220 articles, which can take care of various article genres and various artistic styles. Many of these excellent articles reflect the various aspects of ancient my country. The different styles of prose, such as the rigorous and concise record of "Warring States Policy"; the thoughtful and meticulous reasoning of strategists; Your study and cultivation of ancient prose is helpful." Every Sunday, he chooses one of them to explain in detail, and the children have to recite it after they understand it.

Whether it is learning Chinese or a foreign language, reading and reciting are still the most basic methods.Schools also generally arrange morning self-study for everyone to read and recite articles. Anyone who is serious about this work must have a good sense of language.But reading aloud and reciting scriptures should not be a little monk chanting sutras, with no intention of speaking. Reading aloud must be clear, accurate, and rhythmic.When reading the dialogues of the characters, we must try our best to imitate the mood and tone of the characters, so that the characters can stand vividly in front of the listeners.Poetry reading should be sonorous and melodious, with well-proportioned language, rhythmic rhythm, and musical beauty.By reading aloud, the content, emotion, beauty of the sentences, and the rhythm of the Chinese pronunciation can all be felt.

A top scholar at Peking University said when he talked about his experience: "Read more, this is the point that most students don't pay attention to. In the review of the third year of high school, I attach great importance to this point. I set aside about 20 minutes every day to read ancient Chinese prose. Not only did it help me strengthen my sense of the ancient prose sentence, but it also enhanced my understanding of the ancient prose. In addition, I also try to memorize the common sense of the ancient prose, which is also helpful for my writing.”

To memorize more means not only to memorize the texts required to be recited in the textbooks thoroughly, but also to memorize as many classic articles that have not been selected in the textbooks as possible.

Of course, there are rules to follow in reciting. Here are some tips provided by top students:
Method [-]: Memorizing articles according to levels seems to be messy and clueless, but all articles have their levels. If we master the levels, it will be much easier to memorize.For example, Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" is divided into certain levels according to the clues of Wuling fishermen entering and leaving the peach blossom garden: the fisherman saw the strange peach blossom forest; what the fisherman saw and heard in the peach blossom garden;Remembering this level, you will have a lot of "confidence in your heart" when you memorize it.

Method [-]: think about the screen.After reading the article, a picture will naturally appear in people's minds.For example, when we read Cao Cao's "Guan Canghai", we seem to see: in the turbulent sea, small islands are towering; There are thousands of layers... This picture is reflected in my mind, and the poem "flows" out of the picture when I recite it.

Another example is when reciting Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Plum" and Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao", you can draw a picture according to the content of the words and add your own imagination before starting to recite. The understanding of the artistic conception of words makes the ancient words we read leave an unforgettable impression in our minds.

Method 17: When you start to memorize, you might as well be rough, grasp the skeleton of the article, and then carefully memorize each line of text carefully.For example, if you memorize paragraph No.[-] in Lu Yan's "Listening to the Tide", you only need to memorize the main words of "the light disappears and the water surges into the island. The water rushes and roars and splashes the waves", and then adding "flesh and blood" will be much faster.

(End of this chapter)