This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 14 Kung Fu is more outside the classroom - extracurricular learning methods for top students (3)
After the teacher sent back the homework corrections, they immediately read them, analyzed them carefully, and reflected patiently.For the right question, think about what kind of thinking and method you use to do it right, and whether you can understand similar questions in the future; for the wrong question, find out the reason for the mistake.There are generally three reasons for doing wrong questions: one is that mistakes are made due to panic, sloppy, and carelessness; the other is that basic knowledge is not mastered, and concepts, laws, formulas, etc. are wrong;If it belongs to the first reason, you should warn yourself to be more careful when doing the questions in the future; if it belongs to the second reason, you should work hard in preview, lectures and review to firmly grasp the knowledge you have learned before doing homework; it belongs to the last reason For those who want to solve the problem, it is necessary to carefully study and analyze the example problems, and clarify the problem-solving methods.Only after analysis and reflection can we learn lessons and avoid similar mistakes in the future.

And some people, when the teacher corrects the homework and sends it back, they just hold it in their hands and open it to read the score or right or wrong, then put it in the schoolbag - don't ask, why is it wrong?Why right?Never reflect.Think about it, are you like this?

When top students do their homework, especially science homework, they will summarize it from two aspects:

Try to solve more than one question and think more about one question.Multiple solutions to one question means a learning method that seeks several solutions to one question.One question with multiple solutions belongs to divergent thinking. "Divergent thinking" is a kind of creative thinking. It thinks along various directions. Its products are not unique, but diverse. It has novelty, diversity, Four characteristics of scalability and fineness.

Think more about one question, that is, after finishing each question, think carefully about what concepts and laws are used to do this exercise?What is this exercise mainly about?Can this exercise be changed, put forward from another angle, and so on.

Compare and classify, solve many problems.The exercises are ever-changing and numerous, so it is called "a sea of ​​questions". What should we do?At this time, the top students are very good at comparing and categorizing, that is to say, after finishing the homework, they will think about it, which category does this exercise belong to in terms of knowledge?What kind of problem-solving ideas and methods do you belong to?Then make a horizontal comparison of the questions you have done, and find out what they have in common. The more questions you do, the more important this kind of comparison and classification from individual to general.

After comparing and categorizing, many topics that are similar and have the same solution are classified into the knowledge system.In this way, top students can solve a problem on the same level as you can solve a class of problems. Of course, their comprehensive problem-solving ability can be improved quickly.

Top students are good at summarizing their learning at each stage. They will never allow themselves to always fall in the same place. Constant summarization will make people smarter.

In the usual learning process, whether we listen to lectures or read books, knowledge is input according to other people's ideas, not our own.After completing a chapter, we need to summarize and organize from a higher level, deeply understand the ideas in the book and the connections between various parts, and combine our own understanding to summarize it into a knowledge system.It's like a tree of knowledge. You can find branches and leaves along the trunk. Many people may not be the quickest to respond, but after sorting out and summarizing, they can stand taller and see deeper than others.Therefore, if you want to truly master it, you must go through your own thinking and summarization to absorb the essence, improve your memory, and the things in the books will become your own.Don't be lazy at ordinary times, if you have time, you might as well sit quietly and meditate, recall the various knowledge you have learned in the past few days or weeks, summarize it, and make it your own.Over time, you will have your own creative body of knowledge.

The famous American theoretical chemist Linus Pauling once said: The knowledge in each chapter and section of the textbook is scattered and independent. If you want to form a knowledge system, you must spend time after class to organize and summarize.By summarizing what you have learned, you can grasp the key points and keys that should be mastered.

Pay attention to refining and sublimating in the study, draw inferences about other cases from one instance, and strive to deeply understand the definitions, concepts, interrelationships and differences of many disciplines.

Every time a topic is studied, the knowledge points scattered in each chapter must be practiced into lines, supplemented with planes, and formed into a network, so that the learned knowledge is systematized, regularized, and structured.

Pauling said: "Only by using it in this way can the association be smooth and the thinking active."

Top students are good at summarizing their learning at each stage. They will never allow themselves to always fall in the same place. Constant summarization will make people smarter.

The knowledge we learn, whether it is obtained from listening to lectures or reading books, is based on the input of other people's ideas, not our own.What the top students do in their summary work is to make these other people's things their own after sorting out, digesting and absorbing them.

Generally, after completing a chapter, they will summarize and organize from a higher level, deeply understand the ideas in the book and the connection between various parts, and then summarize it into a knowledge system based on their own understanding.

It's like planting a "knowledge tree" in the minds of top students. You can find branches and leaves along the trunk. Top students may not be the fastest to respond, but after sorting out and summarizing, they can stand taller than others , look deeply.One semester or one unit, or one textbook, that is, after completing a course of one stage, the top students have to conduct a "big review" of the knowledge they have learned.When combing, make sure that there are no omissions, how many theorems, definitions and formulas are in which knowledge block, what are the contents, and what are the uses of each, etc.This "account book" is clearly presented in my heart, so that nothing I have learned is missed.

The omission of knowledge will inevitably lead to the lack of ability and dead ends of thinking.Just like a general, if he has no idea about the soldiers, combat characteristics and weapons and equipment under his command, he will probably become a general who is often defeated.

Therefore, if you want to truly master it, you must go through your own thinking and summarization to absorb the essence, improve your memory, and the things in the books will become your own.

It seems that top students are not born smart people, and the gap between you and him may be due to the lack of timely summary.

Don't be lazy at ordinary times, think more when you have time, recall the various knowledge you have learned in the past day or a few weeks, summarize it, and make it your own.Over time, you will have your own creative body of knowledge.

Top students actively participate in extracurricular activities.

Some people feel that extracurricular time is not enough for studying, let alone wasting time on extracurricular activities.Top students don't see it that way.They feel that participating in extracurricular activities can not only relax their academic pressure, but also broaden their horizons, exercise their talents in many aspects, and be knowledgeable.

We must not underestimate participation in extracurricular activities, as we can gain a wealth of knowledge over time.Although extracurricular activities are time-consuming and energy-consuming, they are mutually helpful and promote with academics.Handling the relationship between the two can improve the performance to the top.

In fact, participating in extracurricular activities during the learning process has the following benefits:

Extracurricular activities go hand in hand with reading.

Participating in extracurricular activities not only relieves the pressure and tension of learning, but also cultivates a broad mind and a cheerful personality, which is of great help to the cultivation of personal characteristics and future development.Besides, sports are beneficial to the body and mind, and good entertainment hobbies are also helpful to adjust the body and mind. The two complement each other and are indispensable.

Extracurricular knowledge and classroom learning are the same elements of success.

We must not underestimate the knowledge we accumulate in our daily life and when we participate in extracurricular activities.The knowledge outside of these careers is not very surprising, or even commonplace, but just some common sense or sophistication.But in the future, at work, there will often be unexpected help, which will become an indispensable capital for success.

Extracurricular activities reconcile the twists and turns of life.

Life has ups and downs and low tides. At this time, extracurricular activities and hobbies play a role in reconciling the body and mind.This is the reason why many celebrities in history are also painters, musicians or philosophers in addition to their political or career achievements.Natural talent is important, but in the process of hard work, adversity is unavoidable. Therefore, everyone should develop one or more extracurricular interests. After work, there are other channels to vent unhappiness and boredom. , then, it is not easy to be overwhelmed by the ups and downs of life, but you can march towards the road of success more and more courageously.

Top students pay attention everywhere, learning is everywhere.

Ramsey, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904, did many things in his childhood that surprised adults.When he was a child, he often sat in the church and listened to the priest's sermons. The adults didn't understand why this lively and active child could sit quietly at this time.People always saw him reading the Bible. When they got closer, they realized that they were reading the Bible not in English, but in French.Sometimes I read the German version.It turned out that he was learning foreign languages ​​in this way.Another purpose of Ramsey's frequent visits to church is to see the geometric figures inlaid on the church windows, and he uses those figures to verify the geometric theorems learned in school.

Top students are better at acquiring knowledge from a vast living space.Pay attention to everything.In life, top students ask themselves to work harder and be caring.They are good at watching six ways, listening to all directions, observing and trying to figure out every piece of valuable information with their hearts.Top students also ask themselves to be careful.Because only when you are as close as a thread can you discover problems that others cannot, and you can keenly capture the subtle changes in the situation, so as to gain more lessons.

Scientific knowledge is closely related to real life, and there is knowledge everywhere in life.Only when a person learns from life, goes to life, actively participates, and explores independently, can he internalize the new knowledge he has learned into his own knowledge structure as soon as possible, and form a clear image of the knowledge he has learned. Unknowingly, you can cultivate your own innovative consciousness and practical ability.

Learning from daily life is an effective way to improve learning quality.Learning is everywhere, as long as we seize every opportunity, create all conditions, continue to explore new knowledge from the reality of life, and then apply the explored new knowledge to life, we can truly realize that knowledge comes from life and can be used in life. By learning the value and charm of life, you can finally master knowledge and effectively improve learning efficiency.

Extracurricular learning is the supplement and expansion of in-class learning, and the two are interrelated and interpenetrating as a whole.On the basis of doing a good job in in-class learning, appropriate extra-curricular learning can broaden one's knowledge field, develop personal interests, hobbies and specialties, and at the same time effectively promote in-class learning.

But you should pay attention to extracurricular learning: You should choose learning content purposefully according to your own learning situation. The principle is to consolidate basic knowledge and make up for your own learning weaknesses; you should choose some extracurricular reading materials related to subjects according to your own strengths and hobbies. Learning; but your extracurricular reading must proceed from your own reality and do what you can. It is better to be less and better than too much, and avoid being ambitious and greedy for perfection.

Actively rest, without rest, you will not learn.

There is a famous saying in the West, which means: only study, no play, smart children will become stupid.Appropriate physical exercise and recreational activities are essential in learning and life. Everyone knows a learning efficiency formula: 7+1 is greater than or equal to 8, that is, 7 hours of study a day, 1 hour of entertainment and exercise, and the effect is greater than 8 hours continuously to learn.Therefore, maintaining sufficient physical strength and energy is also an indispensable aspect to improve efficiency.

The victory of learning means acquiring new knowledge, but learning consumes a lot of time and energy.If you blindly exert the "desperate" spirit and only know how to study all day long, with your head hanging on the beam and your buttocks stabbed, you will end up exhausted and unable to learn anything.Lenin was very opposed to the spirit and practice of this "study madness". He said: "If you don't know how to rest, you don't know how to work." Telling horses not to eat grass, how can there be such a cheap thing in the world?"

Stay in top physical and mental shape.

Learning is a high-level mental activity. After the visual nerve receives external signal stimulation, it transmits the signal to the brain, causing the excitement of the corresponding area of ​​the cerebral cortex. The intensity and duration of the signal stimulation are directly proportional to the excitation of this area, that is, The greater the intensity and the longer the duration, the higher the excitement.In this excited state, the brain conducts analysis and synthesis, judgment and reasoning, memory and understanding, etc.Once the learning time exceeds the limit of brain excitation, this area of ​​the cerebral cortex gradually loses the ability to excite due to overwork, and begins to transform from the excitation process to the inhibition process, so fatigue occurs.

If you find that you can't absorb a piece of text after repeated reading, it means that you have reached the peak of your daily learning load and you should stop learning immediately.A survey by scientists shows that most people think that the most suitable time for them to study in a day is five hours.If you are a vigorous person, the study time will be longer.

The brain is a learning machine, and its working state directly affects the efficiency of learning.Learning, as mental work, will cause fatigue just like physical work.When physical labor produces fatigue, take a short rest immediately to recover.However, the recovery of mental work is different.Even if you stop learning, it is difficult for the brain to calm down in a short period of time. Therefore, the protection of the brain is to rest and relax.

When Einstein was tired, he picked up his violin and played a few favorite tunes to free himself from the symbols.When someone asked him about his hobby, he said without hesitation: "The violin."

Once Marx felt tired during the research, he would find a piece of straw paper and draw some pictures, using this method to transfer the excited area of ​​the brain.

Smart learners are good at changing the learning content in time before their brains become fatigued, or shifting the hot spots of excitement through rest and exercise, skillfully alternate tension and relaxation in a day's study, and maintain the best physical and mental state .

(End of this chapter)