Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1501 Final Chapter Nineteen Three Years (Nineteen)

If we say that the Nanyang region of Java can still be regarded as a bit of an industrial capital idea.At least the goal is to develop productivity and expand production.

Then, in the north of Dashun, in the Mongolian region, it can be said to be the ultimate expression of commercial capitalism.The robbery system under the dominance of commercial capital is really vividly performed.

And the incisive end point of this robbery system is the end point of Liu Yu's coffin traveling by sea this time, Tianjin.

Ever since Dashun decided to abolish the Cao Cao and reform the sea, Tianjin's status has been doomed.But if we want to talk about the development of Tianjin in these years, after all, we have to say that after Li Yan came to power, he sold pots and sold iron and sold state-owned land at a low price to vigorously build infrastructure and railways. Only then did Tianjin get rid of the subsidiary status of Songsu and truly become a city. Dashun is a port city in the north.

With the implementation of Li Yan's frontier railway plan, the railway extending from the capital to Zhangjiakou and even to Hetao made Tianjin, a port, finally able to say that it can radiate less than half of the Great Wall - the other half is the Song and Liao river systems. Pingyuan has little to do with Tianjin.

If you want to be rich, build roads first, this seems to be an ordinary slogan.

But if you take a look at some of the changes in Dashun over the years, you can see that this sentence itself is not unusual at all.

For example, fur, fur, and rhubarb are definitely commodities that can be regarded as bulk materials.

Decades ago, transporting rhubarb, camel hair, sheepskin, etc. from Qinghai, Gansu to Tianjin was a difficult journey no less than the Cozas crossing Siberia to get fur.

It is necessary to use a leather raft to follow the Yellow River, especially the difficult and dangerous Ningxia section, over 2000 miles of rapids, and arrive at Hetao first.

After arriving in Hetao, they will be transported to Tongzhou by camel team and horse team.This thing is divided into dry season and rainy season, horses are used in the rainy season, and camels are used in the dry season.

When they arrived in Tongzhou, they took these goods to the North Canal.If it catches up with the dry season and dry season, then the North Canal will not be able to go.

Therefore, the northwest frontier is not without good things.

Rhubarb, camel's hair, fine wool, ermine, etc., are good things.

But the previous problem was that it couldn't be shipped.Doesn't this mean on-site production, even if you produce on-site, don't the things you produce still have to be shipped out?
The advent of the railway changed all that.

The transportation cost has been reduced, and the raw materials from Mongolia can be transported conveniently.

With wool and camel hair from Mongolia as raw materials, the textile industry such as woolen cloth, blankets, and felts has also developed rapidly.

On the one hand, rely on overseas markets.

On the other hand, it is supported by government orders, especially military uniform blanket tents and so on.

In addition, the capital of the imperial court is in the capital, so the development of many heavy industries around Tianjin is also encouraged.Coal, iron, shipbuilding, munitions, etc. are also thriving.

These good aspects naturally demonstrate the power of capitalism.

But that's nothing.

To truly demonstrate its great power, one has to look at the bad side.

Dashun’s commercial capital, after the railway was built, used the robbery system to create a miracle in 20 years. The interest of usury has already plunged the Mongolian region into a state of depletion and repayment of debts. A large number of sheep have not yet grown up. To give birth, you have to pay off the debt; it directly forced some Mongolians to rebel, burned shops, killed businessmen, and created a large-scale rebellion in the Khalkha tribe.

Mongolia, nowhere else.

For example, in France, animal husbandry is not bad, and it is also very developed.

For example, in the Pampas grassland, animal husbandry is indeed well developed.

The problem is that the land used as pasture in France, the Pampas land with an annual rainfall of 900 millimeters, has long been regarded as arable land in Dashun.

In Mongolia, however, farming has been pushed to the north of the 400 mm iso-precipitation line, and even because of the warming climate in recent years and the planting of some drought-resistant crops, the farming area has continued to move northward.

This also makes the economic structure of Mongolia extremely single and fragile.

The economic structure is single and fragile, so social division of labor is too early, and the development of handicrafts is at most thought of.

Everything is missing.

Cloth, iron pots, silk, tea, sugar...even, even the batch-produced bronze Buddha statues are selling very well here.

However, the Mongols had no money in their hands.

Rob... The era of the flintlock is over, the era of grabbing money is over.

Then you can only change it.

Merchants were in no rush for cash.

When spring comes, how many things you have borrowed, we have decided how many sheep you will use to pay back; when autumn returns, we will drive away the sheep, cattle and horses you owed.

Here, the problem can be clearly seen.

Is the sheep in spring and the sheep in autumn the same sheep?
In other words, is a calf and a grown cow the same cow?
Biologically speaking, yes.

From a business standpoint, obviously, no.

This is one aspect.

On the other hand, the economic structure of the Mongolian region is single and fragile, so the social operation is completely different from that of Dashun, which is theoretically a country of small farmers.

The leader of each tribe is similar to the feudal lord in Europe.

The herders below are more like serfs or shepherds.

These feudal lords, large and small, pledged their allegiance to Emperor Dashun, and divided their land and pastures according to the feudal enfeoffment system.

Similarly, these feudal lords, large and small, had to fulfill their feudal obligations to the supreme lord.

In the mainland of Dashun, there is a county system and a mu tax.

In Mongolia, however, it was basically a feudal system of obligation.

As for feudal obligations, the shogunate next door did it in style.Dashun's side is similar: the leaders of various tribes have to pay tribute to Beijing from time to time and live in Beijing for a period of time.

Entering Beijing... Living in the capital is not easy.When you enter Beijing, you are not allowed to talk about ostentation or spend money?
If you don’t have money, why don’t you borrow it?

The loan is naturally from the largest chamber of commerce in Mongolia.

The interest must follow the "Law of the Great Shun" and is absolutely legal: 36%, up to three years, and double the principal with interest.If it is twice as long as it is, if it is not repaid, the total principal and interest will be the new principal, and then repaid at an annual interest rate of 36%.

In addition, each tribe draws Ding, corvee, and service.

For example, post stations, border guards, patrols, and border guards all cost money.

To spend money, if you don't have money, you have to borrow it.

If you borrow, you can only borrow at the highest legal interest rate, and if it is lower, you will not be able to borrow at all.

Borrowing money, and there is no gold and silver, how can I pay it back?Wouldn't it be better to return them with cattle, horses and sheep?

The chamber of commerce actually made three shares of money here.

The borrowed money will always be spent on buying things, so I still buy my things.This is money.

The borrowed money has to be calculated according to the highest interest rate of Dashun Law, which doubles in three years.This is money.

When moving the livestock, the number of livestock is set in the spring, and they are removed in the autumn. The fat gained during the grazing period is another share of money.

Generally speaking, if this kind of thing happened in the Middle Ages, it would be normal.

Just like the lords and Jews in Europe, if you borrow money and don't want to pay it back, then kill and expel the Jews.

However, the problem is that it is not the powerless Jews who do business here.

The capital behind it is all the nobles of the capital, military aristocrats, royal businessmen, royal family and so on.

There is no other way: want to owe debts and not repay them?Okay, let's break into the Forbidden City to imprison the creditors.

The problem is not that you can't beat them.

Especially after the railway was repaired to Zhangjiakou and continued northward, as soon as the last rebellion and burning of shops happened, the railway directly transported soldiers over here, and quickly quelled the incident.

To a certain extent, the Chamber of Commerce operating in Mongolia is the East India Company of Dashun, and it is obviously the original East India Company before the transformation and aimed at the robbery of commercial capitalism.

This is completely different from Dashun's methods in Nanyang and other places.

One is unconscious industrial capitalist thinking; the other is unconscious commercial capitalist thinking.

Of course, the main problem is that Dashun always knows that he can try the method he is familiar with when facing the land of Java and India, the per-mu tax system.

But facing the Mongolian nomadic areas, Dashun really had no choice but to do so, unable to solve the problem at all.

Because, if you want to solve the problem from the root, then there are too many things to do.

Reforming the land, dividing pastures, abolishing blood inheritance, reorganizing the relationship with the Mongolian nobles, etc., are a bunch of things that are far from being solved by a simple reform.

Of course, the court is also happy to do so.No matter how you look at it, all the ministries in Mongolia are essentially controlled by the commercial capital of Dashun under the rule of "private ownership of debt repayment is a matter of course".

As long as Dashun has the ability and military strength, and the rule of guaranteeing the repayment of debts is a matter of course—when Li Zicheng rebelled, he obviously violated this rule, but it is clear that this time and that time—then in essence, Dashun will firmly grasp it. Lived in Mongolia.

Of course, this kind of thing is also very normal and very easy to understand.

Many people think that the germination of capitalism has sprouted and developed, so the Mongolian region herds sheep and shears wool, sells the wool to the budding area to develop the textile industry, and then uses the money from the wool to exchange for daily necessities.

And so, under the great germ of capitalism, everything flourished.The industry has developed, the market has expanded, and productivity has increased...

However, the actual germination of capitalism is: rampant usury, robbery system, commercial plunder, lower prices, buy low and sell high, plunder and plunder, and military suppression.

The debts owed by some tribes in the Mongolian area have been exhausted, and all the sheep of the tribes have been sold, and they may not be able to pay back.In many places, the sheep have not yet given birth to lambs, so they have to use them to pay off debts.

Originally, this was a very normal thing.

This is the case with the commercial capitalism of the Netherlands, and it is true in this country as well as in Southeast Asia.It cannot be said that the Netherlands is not called capitalism, right?

Dashun did this in Mongolia, which enriched many people, and also contributed to the development of the cotton, leather, blanket, and wool textile industries in some places in North China.

And the capital of Gyeonggi District, which obtained the first pot of gold through this primitive accumulation, invested him in the cotton textile industry such as the outsourcing system, using cotton yarn from Java, India, to develop the family-dispersed weaving industry in North China, relying on The northern market is booming.

The pattern of two financial centers in the north and the south of Dashun has gradually taken shape.

But it also means that the old world cannot transition to the new world peacefully and without excessive bloodshed.

The innermost problem of small farmers and landlords in Dashun has not been touched yet.Even if we only look at the outside world, conflicts abound everywhere from Europe to India, from Southeast Asia to Mongolia.Moreover, these are all new contradictions and problems that have never appeared before, which make this group of people a little at a loss, and they are not very good at learning from history.

(End of this chapter)