Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1500 Final Chapter Ninety-Three Years (Eighteen)

This situation is also very obvious in Java under the rule of Dashun.

On the one hand, after the per-mu tax system, the collection law, and the abolition of the forced planting tribute system, the agricultural output value of Java has risen rapidly.

This is visible to the naked eye.

The output of cotton, indigo, coffee, rice, etc., has been greatly improved compared with the period of Dutch rule.

on the other hand.

Dashun's system in Java provides a good environment for Dashun's capital.

Small land tenure?Capital likes this stuff the most.

As long as it is privately owned and not owned by a messy village or something like that, then that's easy to say.Since you have and own the title deed, that is, the final right of disposal, then I have ten thousand ways to get your title deed.

price manipulation.

lend money.

Fraud.

and many more.

It is very easy to complete the merger of the land, and after the merger, because of the transportation conditions in Java and the demand for raw materials for the start of Dashun industry, the land after the merger quickly moved towards the land management model.

This is true for Dashun's capital.

And in itself, the normal development of small-scale land ownership must be the polarization and merger of small farmers.

This also contributed to the rise of some native emerging landowners in Java.

Their interests are basically the same as those of Dashun, and they are against Java's original aristocratic class and feudal rulers.Because their interests are based on Dashun's rule and the system implemented by Dashun.

There is also a key problem here, which is the factor of Liu Yu's land reform in Wandan in the early years: the old forces here, in Dashun, are not even qualified to be united front.

Inside Dashun, the issue of land reform is really hanging on the bum.

In history, reforming the land and returning to the exile often involved local serfs, servants, and low-level people, such as [long-wishing to return to exile], [rejoicing and encouraging, willing to organize households to pay for food], [victimized male slaves come back one after another], etc.

Indeed, looking at traditional dynasties from the perspective of the 21st century, what do you think?

But in the 18th century, the great book of the French Enlightenment [Oriental Utopia], it is not unreasonable.

Therefore, Dashun's rule in Java was changed from Wandan soil to a model, which was really sharp, and to a certain extent, it got the support of the bottom.

Moreover, because of Liu Yu's various actions back then, the Practical School in Dashun was quite radical in terms of governance.In addition, in Java, the military power of the old forces is not good enough, not to mention that Java directly bombarded the capital, even some cities ruled by Dashun were unable to move, so as the steel said-if they did it, they would not be punished. What not to do - so Dashun promoted the land system and production methods that Dashun is familiar with in the Java area very quickly.

Dashun is not the Netherlands.

It is impossible to find even [-] fucking Dutch people in Nanyang, so we have to maintain the relationship with the local chieftain, and even use Chinese as middlemen to instigate conflicts.

Dashun is Dashun.

Nanyang is at the doorstep.

There is no shortage of officials, no shortage of troops, and no shortage of native population.

Dashun cannot equalize the land in the south of the Yangtze River, so why not dare to carry out land reform in Nanyang?
In a broad sense, even if the traditional dynasty reformed the land and returned it to the local people, is it a kind of land reform?Of course, including the land enclosure movement in Britain and the Jacobin division of land in France, they all belong to the land reform, and even the Qing Dynasty’s fugitives who became slaves legally attached themselves to the enclosure, which is also a land reform—it’s a reform, it’s a reform; To change is to change.

From the perspective of traditional dynasties, this kind of reform can be regarded as historical inertia and habit, and they do not want the local chieftain to be too powerful.

From the perspective of the capitalist class, this kind of reform provided more raw materials for Dashun's vigorous industrial development, and completed Java's distribution reform through this new mode of production, creating a larger market.

From the perspective of the Javanese feudal nobles... This, their perspective, Dashun didn't care at all.

Just like when Dashun reformed the land in the southwest, would he care about the opinion of the local chieftain?Take it or die, there is no other way.

In particular, Dashun, because of the lessons learned from the previous dynasty—damn it, the chieftains and chieftains on the frontier may become bigger one day—so, in this kind of matter, since the military reform, especially Liu Yu with a few thousand It is quite radical after the military reform with the scale of 10 people instead of the idea of ​​a battle of [-] people.

As a result, a series of operations started from the South Seas, and now it has been several decades, and the reform effect is remarkable.

Then, everything ran towards Dashun's familiar direction.

Familiarity with governance methods, taxation, and land systems.

It is also the familiarity of rebellion, uprising, and resistance.

Historically, in a certain area of ​​India, the British carried out some transformations of land ownership in India according to the British agricultural method.

Determination of ownership through land, agricultural taxes, and private ownership of land can be traded as commodities.

In fact, it is equivalent to making the traditional land lease model in Dashun.

Then the British were dumbfounded.

Due to exploitation, heavy taxes, etc., usury is rampant.And usury brought land mergers.At the same time, according to the changed land ownership system: debt repayment is a matter of course. If you borrow usury and have no money to repay, then it is not a matter of course for you to return your land to the creditor?
Therefore, before and after the Great Indian Uprising, a large number of poor landowners had neither money to pay taxes nor money to repay their loans, so they could only hand over their land to lenders.When the uprising came, the poor agricultural groups took the road of resisting the colonists one after another.

Moreover, before and after the Great Indian Uprising, many cases of poor people killing usurers and land mergers broke out.

So much so that the British colonists were a little ignorant to find that [There is no class that resists us like the landless small farmers], [Indian small farmers gradually evolved from hating the lenders and land annexers to hating the British rule]...

Yes.

The British were a little confused at the time.

As for the ignorant situation of the British, in Dashun's view, what is there to be ignorant of?

Just think: Hey!it is good!I am familiar with this, I have a lot of experience with it.

Therefore, this is actually a common problem, that is, what Lao Ma said about the common problem of smallholder land ownership.

Because it is a general problem of smallholder land ownership.

And Dashun imposed smallholder land ownership on the ruling area.

So this general problem has evolved into a general and similar resistance.

This resistance was strengthened by Dashun's colonial outlook.

Because private ownership of small pieces of land is in itself beneficial to Dashun Capital.

Private ownership, convenient transactions.

Small blocks for easy bankruptcy and lending.

This opened the door for mergers—in France before the French revolution, you couldn’t merge because you didn’t know who owned the land, and all kinds of feudal rights were added to the land, and it was impossible for capital to buy land.The land enclosure movement belongs to it. Since the private ownership of small pieces of land will sooner or later be merged into a large land ownership system, why take off your pants and fart?Directly and forcibly privatize the collective land of the village community.As long as I complete the merger first, then I don’t have to consider the resistance during the merger process under the private ownership of small pieces of land—if the resistance is suppressed, the rest will either go to work in the factory or become indentured slaves on North American plantations.

So, what is the purpose of Dashun colonization?

For the benefit of the emerging classes, of course.

If it is for the benefit of the old landlords and gentry, what kind of colonization is it?

So this comes around again.

The interests of the emerging classes, whether industrial or commercial, require Dashun to establish a land system similar to that of Dashun in the colonies.

As far as industrial capital is concerned, it needs a market and raw materials.

As far as commercial capital is concerned, private ownership of small pieces of land is also related to exploitation, lending, and mergers.

At the same time, due to the improvement of productivity, the development of technology, and the use of fertilizers such as bean cake and South American saltpeter, large land ownership can provide more raw materials.

As for the production model of this large land ownership system, the bourgeoisie on the Dashun side are naturally more inclined to use the Dashun side to go to Nanyang.

On the one hand, the policy support from the imperial court.

The conflict between people and land is serious, so if you can go to Nanyang, hurry up.

In addition to this new "frontier" area, it is natural that the population of the tribe should be as large as possible.

On the other hand, in terms of work efficiency, religion, labor and other factors.

Dashun's annexed land to grow cotton and indigo over there also really prefer to use the lower Nanyang population from Dashun's side.

Cost-effective.

Javanese people, in general, in terms of labor efficiency, are not far behind the population of Dashun who have cultivated land for 3000 to [-] years.

So the painful situation appeared:
In the past, the Java region was a closed economy, each village was almost semi-independent.Their connection with the feudal lord is not deep.The village communal system has not yet been disintegrated, which makes it difficult for people in Java to have a hazy national consciousness.

It only has a small consciousness of scattered, regional, blood or village.

And now.

Dashun promoted Dashun's land system and broke the closed village economy in Java. The monetization of mu tax also promoted commodity transactions, making the economic connection of Java region gradually closer.

Then, Dashun's model is "private ownership of small pieces of land first, then commercial capital annexes the land, and Dashun immigrants come to the merged land to work"...

Coupled with colonial policy, ethnicity, religion and other issues.

On the Java side, a hazy national consciousness gradually emerged.

This kind of awareness originated from Dashun’s reform in Java, which established the ownership of small plots of land and broke Java’s closed economy. , but it also caused an unprecedented national food chaos in France - so that France finally has the foundation to become a country".

Issues such as lending and mergers that inevitably arise under the small land ownership system.

And because of Dashun immigrants, religion, customs, etc., it was magnified.

In itself, smallholder land ownership is naturally resistant to capitalism: they are anti-feudal, but they are also anti-capitalist.

As a colonist, Dashun was also abstracted as the embodiment of capital.

Of course, the situation is not serious now, but the problem has already been buried.

The Dashun Real School, the discussion on the economy in Dashun, provided a theoretical basis for the Java side.

(End of this chapter)