Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1493 Final Chapter Ninety Three Years (Eleventh)

In the era of the industrial revolution, many things can be changed in 30 to [-] years.This is especially true for India after Dashun gained commercial hegemony with warships.

In fact, the story of India, cotton, and Britain in history can be thought of with a very simple thought experiment.

For example, before the Ming Dynasty, why were sweet potatoes and sweet potatoes not grown during famine relief?
because without.

So, why did the sweet potato and sweet potato become the first food crop for disaster relief and famine preparation in some places soon after it appeared?

Because of the large output, the solar terms are not so strict.

In short, it is better than other famine relief stuff before.

Cotton textiles are actually somewhat similar to this.

You know, in the early years, Britain was the largest country in the woolen textile industry.The enclosure movement, it can even be said, revolved around the woolen textile industry.

So, why did England spin woolen wool in the early years in history?
Because there is no cotton.

Then why does cotton develop as soon as it comes out?

Apparently, because the Indian cotton cloth has been tested, whether it is quality, comfort, dyeing level, etc., it is impossible to fight back against the British linen and woolen cloth.

Therefore, it is precisely because India's cotton cloth is of better quality and the cotton textile industry has a higher level of productivity that it amazed Europe as soon as it appeared on the stage, which caused a series of subsequent problems.

Otherwise, if you rub wool well, if you are sick, switch to cotton?Such a large historical inertia is obviously a sufficient benefit, and it has reversed this historical inertia.

To some extent, 20 years ago, India and China were the only ones and heads of the cotton textile handicraft industry.The rest will come later—the "cloth of sorrow" of the slave trade in West Africa, which was Indian cloth in history.

That being the case, the problems in India are complicated.

There are only two ways to destroy a country's production capacity.

One: Good quality and low price with generation difference, dumping.

Two: Rule, destroyed by administrative means.

[The colonists’ aggression and rule directly led to the rapid decline and even collapse of India’s once-prosperous cotton textile export trade]

In fact, this brings us back to the problem of the Opium War.

Why fight the Opium War?

Because of the UK trade deficit.

Then, if the tariffs are lifted and the opium trade is stopped, will Britain have a surplus?

This... It can only be said that Britain itself does not believe it.The people of the East India Company are like a mirror in their hearts.

So it's still the same question that Liu Yu said before. Without considering opium as a crime against humanity, how could Britain achieve a trade surplus with China in 1840?

Answer: Only more anti-human.

Occupy the capital, direct rule, restore the yurt tax system, release the power of the grassroots, pull out the Yellow River, blow up the canal, completely destroy China's farmland water conservancy facilities, and fully salinize the Huanghuai Plain...

Through a more anti-human rule, the productivity here will be completely reversed.

Otherwise, Britain in 1840 would never have achieved a trade surplus.

There is a concept that is easily confused here.

Productivity and production capacity are not the same thing.

Productivity in Lao Ma’s context does not include production relations.

Steel said: [production tools used to produce material materials, and people who have certain production experience and labor skills to use production tools and realize the production of material materials—all these factors together constitute the productivity of society]

Lao Ma said: [The most important fruit of civilization - the productivity that has been obtained]

Therefore, it can be said that the result of colonial rule is the regression of local productivity—what Britain did in India was to destroy India’s water conservancy projects, starve India’s hundreds of millions of people, and destroy India’s certain production experience and labor skills to use production Tools, people who realize the production of material materials.

Lao Ma once criticized Proudhon, saying [Mr. Proudhon believes that any economic category has two sides, good and bad.He looks at categories as the petty bourgeois looks at the great men of history: Napoleon was a great man; he did a lot of good, but he also did a lot of evil.]

[Mr. Proudhon believes that the combination of good and bad, advantages and disadvantages constitutes the contradiction inherent in every economic category]

[So the problem that should be solved is: preserve the good aspects and eliminate the bad aspects]

These words are also applicable to Dashun at this time.

Perhaps, some people think, is it possible to beautify this bloody period of primitive accumulation?Separate the good from the bad, only the good and not the bad?
Take a Dashun, different, less dark and bloody colonial road?

I'm afraid, obviously, it won't work.

Because, in essence, Dashun is no longer a traditional empire, but a standard modern empire.

If it is still a traditional empire, then it doesn't really matter.

You Aryans can rule India, you Mongols can rule India, and I, Dashun, can naturally do the same.

It does not involve the adjustment of productivity and production relations, and it is natural to rule as usual, collect taxes, repair water conservancy, and maintain the original system.

But now Dashun is obviously no longer a traditional empire.

Indeed, when Liu Yu fooled the emperor to go south, he did so with the idea of ​​traditional empire.In other words, wearing the cloak of a traditional empire, he accomplished what modern imperialism wanted to do: what he told the old emperor at the time was India's poll tax and mu tax.

But obviously, now, the rule in India is serving the capital of Dashun.

Taxes are included as a tool to destroy India's "fruits of civilization" ie existing productive forces.For example, export tax, internal toll tax, production stamp duty, internal currency customs, etc. are levied on Indian cotton cloth; while for Indian cotton yarn and raw cotton, the tax policy is adopted as low as possible, and even plundered by commercial capital. .

In the past 30 to [-] years, great changes have quietly taken place in both Dashun and India.

The cotton planting industry in Dashun is basically not good in small farmers' planting areas.In most areas of Dashun, whether it is a pioneering area or an inland protected area, Indian raw cotton and Indian cotton yarn are essentially used.

same.

Twenty or 30 years ago, India, which was still the "runner-up" in the cotton textile industry in the world, has been completely driven to death by Dashun in its cotton cloth industry.

Once the runner-up in the cotton textile industry in the world, now the word textile is only spinning, not weaving.

Brutal transformation has already been experienced once.

Now, it is obvious that there will be a second time: Dashun doesn't even want cotton yarn from India, but only raw cotton from India.

This process cannot simply be explained by the extremely general explanation of "advanced productive forces defeated backward productive forces".

On the contrary, this defeat and forced transformation, if altogether very powerful.

The rumble of machines in Dashun's cotton mills accounted for at most two points.

The remaining eight points are obtained by relying on warships, bayonets, cannons, soldiers, tax collectors, the ability of the court to centralize power, the ability to organize social forces, and so on.

And, the whole process was quite cruel.

Because Dashun was in a hurry, especially in a hurry.

In the historical United Kingdom, in the middle of the 18th century, British commercial capital and budding industrial capital were opposite in terms of Eastern trade.The iconic product of this opposition is the cotton ban.

On Dashun's side, Dashun's commercial capital and budding industrial capital are not opposed to the issue of India. On the contrary, they have the same interests: this is a carnival with more people participating. Cheap cotton yarn needs a market; commercial capital wants to rob profits; even some handicraftsmen in Dashun also benefit from Indian cotton yarn.

Therefore, Dashun is very anxious in India.

It should be said that in the past 30 to 1757 years, Dashun has gone through the century-old journey of Britain from 1857 to [-] in history. For Britain, this century means that the level of cotton textile industry has never been inferior to that of India, to [-]. To catch up with India, and then to surpass India; for Dashun, there is no stage of being inferior to India, nor is there a stage of catching up with India, and the stage of Dashun is to surpass India.

Two to thirty years.

Dhaka, Bangladesh, was once comparable to London and Paris, a handicraft-based city.The population dropped sharply from 18 to 3.

The capital city of the Kashi Kingdom recorded in "The Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty", [the capital city of the country is adjacent to the Sujia River in the west, eighteen or nine miles long, and five or six miles wide.Lu Yan is side by side, the people live in Yin Sheng, the family has huge wealth, and the room is full of rare goods.Human nature is gentle and courteous, vulgar emphasizes strong learning, more believe in heretics, less respect for Buddhism.The climate is harmonious, the grain and crops are prosperous, the fruits and trees are sparse, and the grass is overgrown], in just two or three decades, the city is full of unemployed handicraftsmen.

This is the background of the handicraft industry.

In terms of agriculture, Dashun also made a huge, huge mistake!

That is, Dashun tried to copy Dashun's land system to India in some occupied areas, especially the inland areas.

However, Dashun's land system has huge "flaws": property rights are clear and can be bought and sold.

This defect, of course, will cause problems.

That is, the capital of Dashun and the loan sharks in India began to desperately annex land.

Not that this stuff is bad.

Rather, the UK has a population of 900 million, can draw 13 troops, [-] to [-] Hessian mercenaries, and next to it is North America that can relieve pressure, plus the industry and commerce brought by maritime hegemony, so there is nothing wrong with enclosing land.

In India, this is not the case.Furthermore, Dashun's private ownership of land can be bought and sold, which means that it has formed a "correct" social awareness.

In addition, Dashun's plundering, taxation and other issues in India have made the ownership of small real estates rapidly move towards mergers.

This is an agricultural issue.

There are also issues of feudal tribes and soldiers.

Dashun is neither England nor France.

Dashun does not want Indian soldiers.

There is no need for Indians to serve as soldiers, at most they will serve as auxiliary soldiers, but it is also a recruitment system.

Of course, it can be said that Dashun's ruling technique is "naive".

But this is also determined by the reality of Dashun: the population is abundant, and India is isolated overseas, let the governor of India recruit troops in India?Isn't this bullshit?Besides, there is a monthly salary for being a soldier. There are so many landless people in Dashun.

It’s not that the rulers of the simple Dashun side can’t turn this corner, it’s just that there are 2000 years of border control techniques.

Rather, the reality is that one-third of the world's population, or even nearly two-fifths, is going to India to recruit troops?This is a disease of the brain.

In itself, part of the reason for the great Indian national uprising in history was that Britain wanted to change the military system, and some Indian soldiers were not happy: I have been living as soldiers since ancient times. If you let those castes serve as soldiers, what should we do?
Therefore, it is easy to understand that Dashun's rule in India, in essence, is really...death.

In India, there were no landless peasants in the broad Dashun sense, because the land system was different.

There was no land in the first place, so how did you lose it?

Dashun was born in some areas and created some landless peasants.

When Niu Er and the others were investigating in Bangladesh, they proposed the strategy of producing a large number of medium-sized landlords in batches in one step.Anyway, if the land system of Dashun is reproduced, it will have to be merged sooner or later, so why take off your pants and fart?
However, on the one hand, this system is more suitable for areas with convenient transportation and transformation of plantations.

In some inland areas, Dashun mainly focuses on taxation, and the situation is complicated. Therefore, a land system closer to Dashun was chosen to facilitate tax collection.

Of course this is the case, what do you say?
Land can be bought and sold, and the property rights are clear, so for businessmen, usurers, and local officials, buying and hoarding land is the highest yield.

Although those messy land systems are troublesome, they have achieved stability and compromise in the continuous struggle for thousands of years.

Is Dashun's land system advanced? In the 18th century, if you want to say that this thing is not advanced, it can only be said that you should jump to the utopian radical of an ideal society in one step.

The problem is that it is "too" advanced. This kind of advancement was achieved in France by the storm of 93, and it requires a double revolution of social existence and social consciousness.Moreover, as Lao Ma said on the [-]th of Brumaire, this kind of thing is beneficial at the beginning, but it will be pushed into the flesh and blood mill of capital in a few years.

So much so that under the rule of Dashun, there were scenes that had almost never appeared before: small peasants who lost their land revolted, killing usurers and landlords.

Under this kind of ownership system, debt repayment is justified.If the small farmers' real estate is sucked up casually by usury, businessmen, and officials, they will have to owe a whole lot of debt.Then don't you have to pay back the land?Is there something else?
Historically, the British tried to implement a similar land system in India, and the result was [There is no class that hates us like the landless small farmers... At first they released their anger on the usurers, but soon it was our rule 】

On Dashun's side, India has been dragged into a routine of "lending, mergers, and uprisings" that Dashun has experienced.

The peasant problem is a big one.

Craftsmen are also a big problem.

Is the conflict between Sikhism, Hinduism, Islam, etc. a small problem?
Caste system, is it a small problem?

These problems are not to say that they cannot be solved, Dashun can take their time.

To be a traditional empire is to seize the crown of the Mughals. You Mongols can be the emperor of India, and so can I.Everything remains the same, just collect some taxes.

But since it is not a traditional empire, and Dashun's productivity is here, there has never been a stage where "the textile industry is not as good as India" from the very beginning.

The domestic industrial capital is starved for food and urgently needs India's cotton, jute, rice, dyes, and markets.

The imperial court is engaged in infrastructure construction in the country and urgently needs Indian taxes.

The capitalist production system urgently needs to "transform India according to the needs of capitalism".

Urgent, urgent, urgent.

The urgent result is the landless small farmers, unemployed handicraftsmen, traditional feudal soldiers, caste soldiers, religion... and the Indian bourgeoisie cultivated by Dashun in the past 30 to [-] years—the ones engaged in contract buying and cotton kneading in manual factories— —The national industrial bourgeoisie also became dissatisfied.

However, for these dissatisfaction, Dashun has its own corresponding interest groups.

Dashun was unable to resolve the appeals of landless small farmers in India.This was in the interest of Dashun's financial capital, land speculators, moneylenders, and colonial officials of the practical school.

Is it to let them make a profit?
Dashun couldn't solve the demands of the craftsmen.This is the interest of Dashun's industrial capital, shipping industry, financial capital, plantation owners, and coal and iron complexes.

This one can't even move.

Religion, this category is a cultural conflict, almost unsolvable, needless to say.

The demands of feudal soldiers and local caste soldiers cannot be resolved by Da Shun.

This is not only Dashun's distrust of Indian soldiers - Dashun is not a national soldier without borders, such as the forest light infantry in Fusang, but he will never let them serve as soldiers in their hometown.

Another one is the pressure from the "potential rebels" on Dashun's side - going to India to serve as a soldier is at least a way to survive.When there is a famine, disaster relief is needed anyway, and India also has to pay wages. If these two things are combined, it will save money.

This one can't move anymore.

What about the claims of the old feudal lords in India?Not to mention this.

What about the appeals of India's budding industrial capitalists?This is still unsolvable. The industrial capital in Dashun wants to take away the surplus value in the labor process of turning cotton into cotton yarn.Moreover, Dashun also urgently needs to solve the employment problem.

One problem after another, all unresolved.

In other words, it's not that there is no solution, but that Li Yan's real ruling foundation has changed at this time, and his interests in India must be in line with the interests of those who support his throne.

For example, financial capital for lending: Damn, you won’t let me go to the mainland to enclose and stockpile land, and I can’t do annexation in India?Then you don't let me lend money and merge in India, okay, then you let me go to Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi and other places for mergers?

We supported you at the beginning because you promised us that we could find a way to make money even if we did not merge in the mainland.

It's not because we have brains and rationally know that external gold and silver rush to the interior to annex the land, which will cause a big uprising and hang us all on the tree.

We, as a whole, have no such brains at all.

We are just a gluttonous desire for gold and silver, which was temporarily satisfied by you in India, Nanyang, Fusang and other places.

Then you engage in small estate ownership in India, isn’t it just to facilitate our exploitation?

To a certain extent, Dashun did manage to use 30 years to complete the 1757 years of British history from 1857 to 100: plantations, cotton, indigo, railways, rice, taxation, cotton yarn, customs duties, land system...

But just as Lao Ma commented on Proudhon: [The combination of good and bad aspects, advantages and disadvantages constitutes an inherent contradiction in every economic category... So the problem that should be solved is: preserve the good aspects and eliminate the bad ones On the one hand...] This is obviously a bullshit fantasy.

As a result, it only took Dashun 30 years to force out the gestation period for an Indian uprising of an unprecedented scale.

Of course, it's still early, and it's only scattered.

And this kind of scattered problems will only grow slowly.

Because Indian cotton is also European cotton cloth. Due to the suppression of Dashun, the cotton planting industry in the southern states of North America developed very slowly and could not start at all: Dashun was crushed to death by Indian cotton as soon as it started.

Plantation owners are not engaged in welfare, let alone those who worry about the country and the people: we work on plantations to make money.Growing cotton does not make money, but also loses money, so why should I grow cotton?

Let the slaves grow some tobacco, dyes, sugar cane, food, etc., isn't it good?No matter how capable Dashun is, he can't use Nanyang sugar to crush Caribbean sugar; use Ezo wheat to crush Connecticut wheat, right?
And the cotton textile industry in Europe can no longer be started.

The cotton textile industry in Lancashire, England, was still in its infancy when Dashun participated in the First World War and was directly crushed to death.England gambled its future on woolen fabrics, but still the same sentence:
Wool is a textile industry that is easy to start but difficult to master. When it started, it could create a wool carding workshop with 800 people very early, and there was an uprising of carders early on.But the difficulty of industrialization lies behind.

As for cotton, it is an industry that is difficult to start and will take off directly once the two lines of Ren and Du are opened up.In the early days, cottonseeds could only be peeled by hand, thread rubbed by hand, and sizing thread had to be obtained.Once the fiber length of the cotton concept is qualified and the mule spinning machine appears, once this difficulty is over, the road ahead will be smooth.

Therefore, Indian raw materials, Dashun processed goods, and Europe's consumption of American gold and silver accumulated in the past hundreds of years, under this system, it is not a trivial matter where there is a problem.

There is no way, gold and silver are the world currency, and Europe has dug up mountains of gold and silver, and this thing is not printed, and the current system is like this.Before Liu Yu's reform, the basic purchasing power of silver in Dashun was about three times that of Europe. Similarly, there really was an "exchange rate" between Dashun and Europe for one tael of silver.

The stock of gold and silver in Europe is astonishing, so this system can last for more than [-] years.But also soon.

(End of this chapter)