Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1492 Final Chapter Ninety-Three Years (Ten)
In Paris, Liu Yu's reputation, especially in the Paris salons, is quite good.Here, it's completely different.

In the European "salon" world, basically, before the Lisbon earthquake, Liu Yu, who was still alive at the time, sprayed the Catholic Church and the Jesuits like a "prophet". After that, at least in Europe, his salon in Paris During this time, he has become the "Oriental Standard Bearer" of the Enlightenment Movement.

This matter, in Dashun, is a trivial matter, so small that it cannot be trivialized.

But in the European Enlightenment, it was a big deal.

On the one hand, Liu Yu satirized what the Jesuits and Catholics might say after the earthquake like a "prophet", but it turned out to be true. After the Lisbon earthquake, the Jesuits really claimed that it was a punishment from God.

On the other hand, Liu Yu’s violent spraying and vaccinations in advance have cooled down the important pillar of the early Enlightenment—Leibniz’s optimism.

This is very important in the European Enlightenment Movement. According to the tradition of European religion infiltrating people's hearts, rationalism can easily go to extremes, and extremes can easily be confused when facing the Lisbon earthquake: Well, it's thousands of Among the possibilities, the least bad world was chosen by God, but when the bloody scene of the Lisbon earthquake really caught the eye, it was impossible to believe that this was "the least bad world among thousands of possibilities".

After the so-called "Enlightenment Acceleration Year", the Lisbon earthquake and other issues were used as the fuse, which finally detonated the Jesuit issue, the relationship between countries and the Holy See, and led to the disbandment of the Jesuit. This is regarded as the Enlightenment. a major victory.

In addition, France, as an important position of the Enlightenment, is not the same as the Enlightenment of absolute rationalism in Germany. They are more radical and ultimately more inclined to atheism.

Let go of Leibniz's optimism—although there are evils in the world, it is a kind of balance. After God made thousands of programs when he created the world, he found that this is the one with the least bugs and relatively the best It is very important to accelerate the radical acceleration of the French Enlightenment to anti-church, anti-religion, and even finally destroy the four old churches and transform Notre Dame into a sanctuary of reason.

Since the Enlightenment Movement is a great movement, there must be two conditions.

One: Criticism of the status quo.

Two: Looking forward to the future.

It's not that there isn't anything else.

Rather, to be great, these two are necessary.

Then, looking forward to the future, we must have a certain world perspective.

Therefore, the free trade advocated by Liu Yu, coupled with the theory of natural order, can naturally be used as part of the future outlook.

including saying.

There was a famine in France in 67, but the Physiocrats believed that it should not be dealt with, and should wait for the adjustment of the natural order.

Is this the Enlightenment?

Certainly part of the Enlightenment.

This is like saying that Voltaire and Rousseau are fighting against each other all day, so you can't expel Rousseau or Voltaire's enlightenment membership just because they disagree.

The current Dashun is in a state where it can advance and attack, and retreat and defend.

This is not to say military or geography, but to say "cultural".

The External Expansion School of the Dashunshi School adheres to Liu Yu's original plan of "disguising the world as the nation".

This is the means of attack.

But the same.

Dashun cannot accept Christianity, and it is naturally impossible for Europe to accept many traditional cultures of the old era in Dashun.

Therefore, this "natural order" and "law follows nature" are Dashun's best means of attack.

First of all, don't worry about this thing, of course, who created it.It doesn't matter if it's God, Yahweh, Pangu, or something else.Who you think is who you are.The key is nature, not who created it.

Secondly, this thing is a kind of prospect for the future.The Enlightenment Movement naturally includes a vision of the future, and this vision must be worldwide. It cannot be said that this thing is right in one place and wrong in other places.

Finally, before the First World War in Dashun, Liu Yu described a bright future: free trade among countries, giving full play to the absolute and comparative advantages of each country, and the entire human race will flourish hand in hand.

This thing, in the previous Dashun, actually didn't have that much influence.

But in the fragmented Europe, the influence is much greater than that of Dashun.

People can't shoot in the air.

In Dashun, when it comes to economic issues, the direction of spraying before has been a continuation of a few things in the theory of salt and iron: it is nothing more than whether the salt should be completely released, and merchants should run it; Why not delegate money to private individuals?

And other things, really can't spray.For example, before Dashun really did not say that Shaanxi would increase tariffs on Songsu silk by 100% to protect Shaanxi's silk industry; nor did it say that legislation prohibits dead people from being buried in cotton cloth produced in Songsu...

Therefore, within Dashun, to be precise, absolute advantages and comparative advantages exist by themselves.This thing is originally black, why don't you go and say that this thing is not black?
Therefore, the influence of this thing in Dashun is completely different from that in Europe.

Put it another way.

For example, one of the great achievements of the Law Revolution was the abolition of the law of Moses in the law of inheritance, that is, primogeniture.In Europe, this is going to be exclaimed as a shocking creation.

But among the folks in Dashun, this thing definitely cannot deserve the great praise of "creating the world", because it is nothing surprising to the common people, but they think it should not be taken for granted?
That is to say, some of Liu Yu's remarks back then had a high prestige in the European Enlightenment Movement. Many people's hopes for the future, at least in terms of economics, believe that the natural order will bring happiness to all mankind.

Another point.

Enlightenment scholars are basically full-timers.

neither farming.

Nor does it weave.

Their feelings, and the feelings of the bottom, are different.

Putting these factors together, Liu Yu's reputation in the Paris salon is undoubtedly good.

Of course, if anyone really dared to take Liu Yu's coffin to Lyon, the local textile workers would really open up the coffin and kill him, and hang it on the church.

And in India.

Especially in Jijirat and Maharacha, the two areas that were first infiltrated, ruled, and traded by Western colonists.

It can only be said that Liu Yu's reputation is really bad.

This is not to say that the European East India Company is a good guy and Dashun is a bad guy.

Rather, before this, all the East India companies in Europe, according to the standards of later generations, were labeled as "compradors", which was not wronged at all.

The East India Company wanted to spend money, lobbying in Parliament, and talked about [silver outflow may not be a bad thing].

This was determined by the Dashun War, that is, the productivity gap between the East and the West before 1760.

Including, when Liu Yu reformed, he made it clear:

There is no irreconcilable contradiction between Dashun's handicraft industry, the first-developed industrial capital, and the East India Company.This is the basis of cooperation between Dashun and the Netherlands.

The real contradiction lies in two points:
First, the commercial capital of Dashun wanted the transshipment profits from the East-West trade, but the East India Company did not want to give it.

This is an irreconcilable contradiction, so we can only fight.

Second, the contradiction between European handicraft industry, domestic industrial capital, land aristocrats rubbing wool after enclosure, and Dashun handicraft industry and first-mover industrial capital.

This is also irreconcilable and can only be fought.

Then you ask the British East India Company's views on the "Cotton Cloth Prohibition Order", do you think they support it?How could they support it?
But the country's huge wool land nobles and squires are powerful, and they are also powerful.Many years later, the Industrial Revolution has come, and the introduction of the "Corn Laws" has caused such a big disturbance. A Britain that has not even collected land tax in India, and was defeated by France in India at that time. The comprehensive strategic passive Britain How can the East India Company promote the repeal of a series of mercantilism bills?
Besides, anti-mercantilism depends on free trade.Without righteousness, nothing can be done.And the East India Company itself is a beneficiary of mercantilism, how could it be possible to oppose its own favorable "rules"?
After understanding the contradiction between Dashun and Europe, and the reconcilable and irreconcilable contradictions between the East India Companies in Europe, it is also clear that Dashun caused a huge backlash in India at this time.

Since we are talking about contradictions.

That's easy to understand.

Is there any conflict between Songsu Textile Industry and Jijirat Textile Industry?

Is this contradiction reconcilable?

Dashun, can you buy several million taels of cotton cloth from Jijirat a year like the European East India Company did?

This has nothing to do with morality.

Which businessman in Dashun has a brain worm?Go to Surat to buy a pile of cotton cloth and sell it in Songsu?

The current situation is the so-called [wanting to be a comprador but not being able to].

This is the invisible hand.

And what about the visible hand?

What was the reason for the Dashun uprising?
Because there is no food to eat.

So, will Dashun recognize the French Physiocrat's policy of no need to control food prices and an invisible hand?

At least, in terms of food, it is impossible and absolutely impossible.

In particular, Dashun was even more concerned about the food issue when the crown prince was involved in the "rice ban" incident in Hubei.

Here, there is a truth that must be known.

What's the point?

Grain actually grows out of the ground!
As for cotton, it actually grows in the ground!
Variety of three to five catties of cotton means less harvest of thirty to fifty catties of grain.

If there is a shortage of food, the logistics situation in Dashun, the inland area is really short of food, even if the consumption is not considered, when the food is shipped, maybe the hungry people will occupy the government office.

Therefore, Dashun's policy is very clear.

Industry and commerce are good and need to be developed.

Cotton textile industry is the pillar industry of Dashun industry and commerce, and should be supported.

But food security must also be ensured.

So what to do?

Indian cotton.

Doesn't growing cotton in India mean that India is short of food and will lead to famine?

That's two different things.

If there is a shortage of food for cotton planting in Henan, and the rebel army crosses the Yellow River, it may blow up the Forbidden City.

Then India is short of food. Could it be that the Indian insurgents can cross the Himalayas and head north all the way to the capital?
As for the invisible hand...

It can only be said that on the issue of food, the French Physiocrats have just set a "good" example: other things should be invisible, and food should be taken care of.

It seems that this person will starve to death without food, which is a truth that is true in both the East and the West.

This is one aspect.

on the other hand.

Historically, Indian cotton yarn has indeed led to the development of the local handmade cloth industry, and has created a peak of about 6 million pieces of homemade cloth.

This has also led to the reality that Dashun is now facing:

The textile industry should be looked at separately.

The weaving industry can only rely on external markets, commercial hegemony and fleet decisive battles to promote the industrialization of the weaving industry.

It would be fantastic to rely on Dashun's internal market to directly industrialize the weaving industry, and they simply don't understand what is meant by "men farming and women weaving".

The textile industry is quite different.

In fact, it is also very simple: In terms of prices, the same amount of labor is more "valuable" for the amount of labor that is used to knead cotton into yarn?Or is it more "valuable" to spin yarn into cloth?
Raw cotton and cotton yarn from India under the looting system will naturally have an impact on Dashun's original economy.

However, this impact is bearable and even beneficial.The premise is that Dashun's navy can guarantee transportation; Dashun's bayonet can guarantee the low price of raw cotton and cotton yarn.

A large amount of Indian cotton yarn entered Dashun, and then flew into the homes of ordinary people. There were not many laborers in Dashun who were originally specialized in rubbing cotton yarn.What's more, it is still a one-stop process of spinning cotton, rubbing thread and weaving cloth by ourselves.

Since weaving cloth earns more than spinning cotton with the same labor time, this kind of economic restructuring can naturally be promoted.

On the one hand, Dashun solved the problem of "changing wheat to cotton", which had been a headache for the imperial court.Some people always think that ordinary people are stupid and don’t know how to grow cash crops by themselves; in fact, the opposite is true. Since the late Ming Dynasty, the imperial court has been troubled by the problem of food price fluctuations caused by ordinary people spontaneously switching to cash crops.

On the other hand, this also paved the way for Dashun's current crisis.

The previous 30 years of Indian colonization allowed Indian cotton and cotton yarn to replace local cotton and cotton yarn—after all, some things can be done in India but not in Dashun.Liu Yu can only grow cotton in the enclosure of the Lianghuai salt land and improve cotton seeds; while in other places, where the small-scale peasant economy and the imperial court's organizational power are extremely low... Let's put it this way, if Dashun can complete a comprehensive cotton seed improvement, Under the premise of the existing land system, it proves that there is no "difficulty" in any sense in Dashun's organizational strength.If you want to build a railway, if you want to emigrate, emigrate.

Of course, in India, some things can be done... For example, if the organization and control are not enough, then let me change my thinking, wouldn't it be enough to mutate a large land plantation?
Therefore, in the past 30 years, a huge internal market has emerged in Dashun.

This internal market is the demand for cotton yarn.

30 years ago, Dashun did not have such a huge market.Because under the small-scale peasant economy, people knead, spin and weave by themselves.

Thirty years later, the spinning industry, which has the least impact on the sideline business of small farmers, has completed its impact on the internal market of Dashun: [Indian yarn is used everywhere].

This market is so huge.

As soon as the mule spinning machine comes out of the assembly line, Dashun's commercial capital and industrial capital immediately understand that this thing will make a fortune!

Because this market is not just the demand of those weaving factories for foreign trade in the pioneering regions.

There is also a vast market of more than [-] to [-] million people: yes, I may not be able to sell machine-woven cloth, but machine-made yarn can be sold all the way from Songjiang to Gansu!
The market is so big and the prospects are so good.

Spinning, of course, is profitable.No profit, who spins?

So, why should the Indians get the profits from spinning?Why not directly import Indian raw cotton, ship it back and spin it locally, and earn a surplus value from the process from raw cotton to cotton yarn?
This question has another meaning:
During the 30 years of transformation, India has provided cotton yarn for Dashun's economic volume of more than 3 million people.In other words, how many people in India actually survive by exporting spinning yarn to Dashun?

Dashun is very different from Britain in history.

Historically, the population of the United Kingdom will actually be enough for the first industrial revolution. Therefore, the United Kingdom can allow the development of the Indian spinning industry.Because there is only so much labor, the Indians spin part of the yarn, which is beneficial to Britain.

Britain wants to destroy cotton cloth in India, but it does not necessarily have to destroy cotton yarn.It even allowed India to build some spinning mills locally.

It's not out of good intentions, but because the population is not enough, so you can't do that if you want to do one thing, and you can only choose the highest-end and highest value-added industries to do it.

And Dashun...

Ok.

What does it mean to be underpopulated, so that if spinning, there will be a shortage of people to weave?
It is impossible for Dashun to understand this question.

On the contrary, Dashun was ecstatic. Damn it, it can accommodate at least one million unemployed people again!
After all, spinning creates more than just employment for spinners.There are also a series of industries such as machinery manufacturing, coal mines, transportation, steam engines, building materials, housing, lighting, glass manufacturing, and so on.

Let me give you the most inconspicuous example: You are already on the steam engine and the spindle spinning machine, so don't you work in two shifts 24 hours a day?You work two shifts 24 hours a day, what are you doing in the dark?So your spinning mill needs glass, right?Need lighting?

(End of this chapter)