Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1468 The Final Farce ([-])
If you want to build heavy industry, build large infrastructure, dig canals, build railways, etc., you need money.

If we say that gold and silver are money.

Well, Dashun is really not short of money as a whole.

But how can money go to heavy industry and infrastructure? This is a difficult problem.

Even if it is, the problem of domestic land transactions has been solved.

Also consider that Dashun expanded abroad and took over colonies and markets, why didn't the money go to the colonies?Why not go to light industry?Or, why not run outside?

In history, this kind of situation has happened more and more.

The money of the Dutch is running hard to the UK.British money is running hard to the southern states of North America.French money is running around and lending money.After the discovery of gold in the United States, European money flowed to North America again.After gold was excavated in Australia and America, the East India Company was forced to abandon the gold and silver double standard and only allowed the silver standard, and silver went to India again.

It is the nature of capital to pursue profit.In other words, this is the core of the invisible hand.

Take a simple example.

Assume that there is cotton in a certain land in India, but inland, a canal is needed to transport the cotton to the port.

And Dashun's Heilongjiang Riverside is actually a top-notch virgin land, and its value is doubled only by reclamation.

Well, assume the complete invisible hand.

Will Songsu's money go to India to build a canal now?Or will you go to the Songliao Watershed to repair the railway?

Another example.

The previous Liu Yu's Yellow River relocation policy required a lot of funds.

And a large part of these funds, using the name of the "bubble company", is enough to explain.It is purely a "cheat" with a high rate of return to cheat a lot of principal.It's just that because there is really gold on the west coast of North America, the bubble didn't explode in the end.

What if there is no gold?

What is the final outcome of John Law's Mississippi Company scam and the Tories' South Sea Company deception?And they can absorb so much money, relying on "great pioneering and adventurous spirit"?Or rely on the ultra-high return rate of 18% promised by John Law?

Therefore, Li Yan must have thought about this issue, and Liu Yu's Fusang immigration policy set a "good" example.

Therefore, the start-up capital of the heavy industry Li Yan pondered had to rely on the "compulsory" "redemption fee".

To put it bluntly, it is actually started by "land rent".

It is nothing more than that the money belongs to the landlord in theory.

And now engage in redemption.

The money will be collected by the imperial court.After receiving it, the principal will not be given to the landlord, but an interest of 5% a year will be given. Whether you want it or not, the principal will be discussed after 20 years.

But in fact, who paid the money?
Farmers.

In fact, the idea of ​​this reform is similar to Alexander’s serfdom reform, Stolypin’s land reform, Napoleon III’s idea of ​​eradicating poverty, and Britain’s land enclosure movement.

All, through some means, let the capital be concentrated and distributed to some people or some groups, so that these capitals can be effective in specific industries.

The difference is.

Russia's agriculture is really inferior, and the level of agricultural production is really poor.The set of Alexander and Stolypin is to let the landlords and rich peasants get money quickly, let them engage in agricultural production, and improve agriculture.How to let the landlord get the capital quickly?Serf redemption, serf withdrawal, land sale at low prices, state loans.

The money from the serfs’ redemption was concentrated to the landlords and rich peasants, and the great development of agriculture was carried out, and the capital flowed to agriculture.

On Dashun's side, agriculture is really strong, and the level of agricultural production is really not bad - at least, it is truly unparalleled now - so Li Yan doesn't want to let money go to agriculture.

Instead, let the tenant farmers redeem the money, concentrate it on a special existence, and run it on infrastructure and industry.

In short, industrial development requires capital.

Regardless of whether the industry is agriculture, cotton, wool, mining, smelting, or infrastructure, it can be collectively referred to as an industry.

So, you want to grow cotton.If you want to develop the cotton industry, you have to let capital run into the hands of agricultural capitalists.

If you want to mine, then you have to find a way to let the capital run into the hands of the mine owner.

In short, you come up with a policy to concentrate capital and run it in a certain industry.

The capital here includes not only cash, money, gold, silver, but also production materials such as land.

For example, in the enclosure movement, it is not clear who owns the land.You said it belonged to the gentry and nobles?But in fact, farmers have something similar to "permanent tenancy rights"; there are also some public lands, where everyone can mow grass, herd sheep and feed cattle. Why do you say it is yours?The land enclosure movement is to make public land private, throw away things like "permanent tenancy rights", and concentrate capital.

Only by concentrating capital can we develop rapidly.

Then, Li Yan felt that to solve the problem of Dashun, we had to focus on infrastructure and heavy industry.

Therefore, a policy was drawn to allow capital to find ways to concentrate on heavy industry.

Capital is not necessarily money, money is just a general equivalent.Farmers pay for grain to buy land, and grain can be regarded as capital. After all, road builders and canal diggers have to eat, right?
This is not to say that light industry and trade will not develop.

no.

Rather, Dashun has actually obtained the colonies, overseas markets, and raw materials from South Seas and India.

This, rely on the "invisible hand" on the line,

You don't have to worry about it at all, a lot of capital will definitely spontaneously run in the direction of textile industry, tea, shipping, Indian cotton enclosure, etc.

How should I put it, just like before Dashun, if you say that your goal is "land merger".Then, you don't need to issue any policies at all, and the land will be annexed "spontaneously".

On the contrary, if you want to "suppress mergers", you have to issue policies.

In short, light industry, trade, commercial robbery, these things, under the existing conditions, do not need policy support, and capital will go there.

Heavy industry, infrastructure, canals, mining, smelting, machinery, etc. require large investment, slow results, long cycle, and low return rate, so it is necessary to find a way to let capital run to them.

Policy also depends on the actual situation.

For example, if you want capital to go to heavy industry, it’s not impossible to learn from Liu Yu’s policy of developing the Yellow River channel—promising an annual interest return of more than ten percent and government endorsement.

You see, Liu Yu's bubble company quickly got a lot of silver.

The problem is that you are advocating an annual interest return of more than [-]%, government endorsement, etc., and digging gold, and there is really gold, of course you can advocate it.

Liu Yu dared to imitate John Law and the Nanhai Company, but the bubble did not explode in the end, not because he knew more about finance or fraud than John Law, or because Liu Yu was sophisticated.

It's because there are really big gold mines on the west coast of North America.

It's that simple.

But engaging in heavy industry, digging canals, building railways, etc... You advocate an annual interest return of more than [-]%, isn't it sure to explode?
Because it is impossible for you to give such a high rate of return, you have absorbed the principal this year, what will you do next year?What will we do next year?
Then we have to find a way, and use coercion.

And this is very interesting.

Lao Ma said: The Son of Heaven, the Emperor, the father of all people, always wants to play the benefactor and parent of all classes.Regardless of whether it is a landlord, a small farmer, a businessman, or a scholar, it seems that the emperor will "treat everyone equally."They are all "sons", and the emperors are all fathers, so theoretically they should not be treated equally.

But, [But, without taking something from one class, he cannot give something to another class].

So, the problem is not that Li Yan is thinking about developing heavy industry.

The crux of the problem is that Li Yan actually thought about getting meat from [landlords], instead of thinking about getting meat from businessmen and capitalists in the pioneering areas.

This is very, very interesting.

First, there's the ass issue.

Lao Ma satirizes the emperor and the son of heaven, saying that even if he says he wants to be the head of everyone, in fact there are still classes.If you don't take something from one class, how can you give to another class?
Therefore, Wen Yanbo's buttocks are sitting very upright: ruling the world with scholar-bureaucrats, not ruling the world with the common people.

And when it comes to Gan Xiaosi, I don’t mention those disgusting issues of the distinction between Man and Han, and say that scholars, farmers, businessmen, and businessmen are all my people.When someone actually writes a letter about limiting the land, he can only talk about it again, talk about it again.Obviously, he also knew where the ass should sit.

As for Li Yan, when he was thinking about "where does the money come from", he subconsciously thought about getting it from the landlord.

Although it is said that the money is essentially paid by the peasants, it is the interests of the landlords and gentry.

This is one point.

The second point is more interesting.

In history, there is such a story that does not know the truth or falsehood.

After Hong Chengchou, who was said to be loyal to the emperor and patriotic, was captured, he screamed that he wanted to be Wen Tianxiang.After Huang Taiji finished, he asked Fan Wencheng to take a look. Fan Wencheng said a few words, and found that the ash on the beams had fallen on Hong Chengchou's clothes, and Hong Chengchou hurriedly brushed the ash away.Fan Wencheng went back and said, this guy definitely doesn't want to die, if he really wants to die, why don't he just wipe off the dust on his clothes?Sure enough, soon, he shaved his hair and surrendered.

For Li Yanzai, the answer just now actually implied something.

Liu Yu definitely can't ask Li Yan if he has ambitions, and Li Yan can't say whether he has ambitions.

However, when asked about his views on the future, Li Yan blurted out that the method was to cut flesh from the landlord.

Well, this careful product, can not help but taste endless.

Landlords and gentry, who own estates and land, are the absolute beneficiaries of the advanced system.

So, they are pro-stability.

Conservatives in the absolute sense.The conservative and radical divisions in the Hepractical School do not mean conservative.

They must support the normal succession of the prince.

If Li Yan wants to do something, they will definitely not support it: the prince has righteousness, reputation, and also means stability. Why should he support a person who lacks righteousness, reputation, and may even have too radical policies?
in other words.

If Li Yan wanted to do something, who would he rely on?

Landlords and gentry are definitely unreliable.

No matter what, it's unreliable.Can the policy you give satisfy the landlord more than the one given by the prince?Obviously not.The prince is a group of conservatives in the imperial system, the landlords and gentry, who support order and stability.

A stable order is everything in itself.

The royal family no longer cares about order, hierarchy, or rules.Then once this order is destroyed, how can the lowly peasants play with you to "turn the world upside down"?
Therefore, the policy towards the landlords has not changed much, if at all.

For the sake of the "rules" themselves, the absolute beneficiaries of the rules, that is, the landlords and gentry, will not support this kind of behavior that violates the "rules themselves".

The existing "rules" themselves have very important meanings.

In other words, if Li Yan has ambitions, can he think so:
Anyway, it is impossible for the landlord and squire to welcome me.Then I spit in their faces and slap them, it's no different.

Then if I can cut some meat from them and give it to others, will others still be able to praise me and support me?

Or.

Regardless of whether Li Yan has ambitions or not.

But his own conditions are here, and he is thinking about slapping the landlord and mopping up the landlord. This is the basis for assuming he has ambitions.

Conversely, if he didn't even dare to think about this, it could prove that he had absolutely no ambitions.

But now, of course, if he thinks this way, he may not be ambitious.

But at least.

No need.

(End of this chapter)