Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1469 The Last Farce ([-])
Of course, does it mean that the problem of Dashun only needs to solve the "logistics cost" to achieve "all conditions" for capitalist development?
That's not the case either.

Rather, social consciousness stems from social existence.

No one can think in front of a blank sheet of paper.

Just like Adam Smith, he personally experienced Britain's almost perverted mercantilism policy and extremely strict business regulation, so he wrote "The Wealth of Nations" against all of these.

Quesnay and others have personally experienced the restrictions of the French Colbertism, the John Law scam of the collapse of the financial industry, and the disputes between the French aristocracy and the royal power, so he was able to propose the [Natural Order Theory] for the French situation. 】.

In turn, look at Dashun.

The precocity of civilization has given Dashun too much experience.

The central government gives up the right to mint coins, and local tyrants mint coins by themselves?The so-called decentralized currency?

It has been experienced, the Han Dynasty has experienced it, and the elites in Dashun know what it means.

The central government gave up the control of mines and salt, and it was developed by businessmen?
Experienced, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the elite class collectively opposed, and continued to miss Liu Shi'an's salt law, and was quite dissatisfied with the salt administration reform during the Wanli period.

Abandon the anti-merger policy?
Not to mention this.

The central government is completely incapable of controlling the local area?
It was also experienced in the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties. The petty officials who wanted to raise their wages killed all the provincial officials in Henan and closed the Yellow River water transport, but the central government did not know about it for several months. It is not unheard of.

Under such circumstances, it would be ridiculous to talk about free trade with the Dashun group.

Can the Dashun court's ability to control business catch up with the British one?In other words, does Dashun have a "Commodity Listing Law" and a "Listing Subsidy Law"?Has the imperial court of Dashun ever restricted or subsidized any handicraft industry?
None at all.

What's more, Dashun's tariffs do not have any "protective effect on domestic industries" at all, except for the role of "taxation".

Not at all.

You can't expect people to understand something that has never been experienced.

It is even more impossible for the Dashun group to understand why "protectionism" is needed, why industrial protection tariffs are needed, and why the concept of "trade deficit" exists without going to Europe.

The people in Dashun, the enlightenment of "economics", originated from the event of "abolishing the water to transform the sea".

It is precisely because of the abolition of the water and the transformation of the sea that the economic structure of Dashun has undergone great changes in just 20 years.

This led to the enlightenment thinking of "economics" by the elites of Dashun.

Moreover, this kind of enlightenment has also brought a strong color of Dashun's social existence-logistics costs.

Don't think that mercantilism and the control of trade are very simple things.

You can say that the court of Dashun did not understand, or was simply incapable of engaging in mercantilism and trade control.

But it can never be said that a court that does not even have the fucking right to mint coins, does not even realize the significance of protecting industries with tariffs, and does not even have subsidies for key industries, actually engages in protectionism and mercantilism.

Whether it is "The Wealth of Nations" or "Physical Agriculture and Natural Order", they were all born out of "mercantilism".

Conversely, if there is no British extreme mercantilism, then free trade will not be born; if there is no French Colbertism, then there will be no birth of Physiocratism Theory of Natural Order.

Dashun is the same.

Because Dashun has too little control over the economy, it can even be said that it didn’t care about hanging Mao before—this is the same as Meng Yuan’s control over the local area. not understand.

However, in terms of traces, it just doesn't matter.

This gave birth to a strong revival of the study of Zhou rites, the revival of Jing Gong's new study, and the rediscussion of the theory of salt and iron.

"Yi Feng" said: the sun is in the middle of the night, the moon is full and the moon is eclipsed, the sky and the earth are full and empty, and the news of the time.

"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" says: If everything is complete, it will be lacking, if it is extreme, it will be reversed, and if it is full, it will be a loss.

That's the case.

The Wealth of Nations theory is an antithesis to extreme British mercantilism.

The theory of natural order is an integral part of French Colbertism.

Similarly, Dashun’s revival of the Zhou Ritual, revival of dominance, and re-discussion of the theory of salt and iron are also completely laissez-faire with the economy that began in the late Ming Dynasty.

This is the background.

As for the specific small environment, it is the transformation of waste water into the sea, which led to the legendary changes in the sea, which appeared in just two to thirty years.

Under such circumstances, how could the so-called elites in Dashun not think about the problem of "logistics costs"?
Is the logistics cost a problem for Dashun to continue to develop?
Yes.

So, is logistics cost the only problem that Dashun needs to solve to continue to develop and capitalism to continue to sprout and grow?

No.

Then why are the realists, whether conservatives or radicals, staring at this issue?Are they all trying to solve the problem that Liu Yu said "the poor can't afford to go, and the capital refuses to go"?

Because this problem is the most easily noticed problem in the economic enlightenment movement after the waste of water and sea.

Without knowledge, it is accomplished overnight.

Adam Smith, as the originator of classical political economics, didn’t he just put forward “absolute advantage”. It wasn’t until after the Corn Law issue that this issue could not be explained that Ricardo supplemented and developed “relative advantage”?
The economic enlightenment movement in Dashun is also the same.

Broken.

one-sided.

It needs to be completed.

However, social existence determines social consciousness; economic base determines superstructure.

Before continuing to develop and complete, Dashun must continue to shape the economic foundation that can discover new problems and shape the social existence that can generate new social consciousness.

The ideological trend of free trade originated from trade between countries.

Moreover, because of the trade between countries, there are tariff protection, mercantilism, and domestic policy protection.

Therefore, it can be said that it is impossible for the theory of free trade to emerge by itself in Dashun.

Unless one day, Dashun develops a trade deficit, tariff protection, and industrial support.

Otherwise, it would be impossible for this thing to appear in Dashun.

The reverse is also true.

Did Adam Smith's theory of free trade, in 1760, guide the functioning of the British economy?
not at all.

On the contrary, although his theory is obvious, it is not used by officials at all.

And the same.

Is Dashun doing fucking free trade?Liu Yu yelled all day long, but he was ashamed, but it wasn't true at all.

However, the theory of free trade can spread quickly in Dashun, and is not rejected by the officials.

Why?

Because, based on the free trade theory developed by trade between countries, Dashun officials don't think there is any harm at all, so they let it spread.Because Dashun is a pure trade surplus country.

Any influential theory is based on a critique of reality and is thought in critique.

then.

Criticism of British extreme mercantilism, thinking out of the free trade theory in the criticism.

The critique of the French state control and industrial substitution policies contemplated the Physiocrats of the natural order.

same.

Criticism of Dashun's laissez-faire economic policy. During the criticism, the elites of Dashun began to pursue "Guanzi", "Salt and Iron", and "Zhou Li Xinyi".

The thinking of this group of people about Dashun is "not too much management, but too little management".

This is different from the fragmented, protectionist prevailing, fierce competition among countries, and serious industrial homogenization in Europe. The form of "not too little regulation, but too much regulation" is considered.

But the origins are all based on criticism of reality.

It's just that the reality of Europe and the reality of Dashun are not the same reality.

Millions of industrious working people and more than 2000 years of handicraft and agricultural technology have made Dashun fall into a vicious circle when it comes to "economics".

Because there is no reality of industries being impacted by other countries, there is no soil for mercantilism in Dashun.

And because there is no soil for the production of mercantilism, there is no soil for free trade that was born by criticizing mercantilism.

For example, "Guanzi" talks about many economic warfare routines.

The question is, starting from the Han Dynasty, with whom did this empire fight economic wars?
Who is qualified to fight an economic war with the world's strongest small-scale peasant economy sideline and handicraft industry in this empire?

Is it Korean paper, which forced the employees of Xuancheng Paper Industry to revolt?

Or is it Japanese burning, forcing the artisans of Jingdezhen to be unable to survive?

Does Italian silk affect the price of lake silk?
Indian cotton cloth, threatening Songsubu?

Dutch pottery, threatening Yixing Zisha?

Engaging in protectionism against some non-existent threats is a disease of the head, not a rainy day.

To criticize mercantilism that does not exist at all, and to demand free trade, is no different from a lunatic raving.

The "business" that emphasizes "business" and the "business" that emphasizes agriculture and despises "business" are not the same business at all.

You can’t say:

The United Kingdom engaged in monopoly power and the exclusive franchise of the East India Company, found that smugglers were directly killed, and half of the cargo companies on private merchant ships passing through the Cape of Good Hope were half royal and half, which is the lofty [mercantilism].

Ming Dynasty also engaged in monopoly rights. Yongle officially monopolized the spice trade in Nanyang. Once smuggling was discovered, pirates would also be arrested if they escaped to Nanyang. Private individuals were not allowed to engage in spice trade.

So when things get to this point.

When Dashun really went to the Atlantic Ocean, held the commercial hegemony of selling goods in its own hands, and owned this social existence.

It is only natural for these people in Dashun to turn to reflect on "there was too little management before, and more control methods should be used now".

Dashun is not the United Kingdom, and the perspective of the elite should be on competing with France for hegemony, suppressing the Dutch transportation industry, and protecting the country's textile industry.

Dashun is not France either. From the perspective of the elite, focus on the impact of Caribbean sugar on local wines, on the damage of Dutch smuggled goods to the domestic industry, and on the impact of oriental commodities on the domestic handicraft industry.

Dashun is Dashun.

Therefore, in the end, we still have to go back to the issue of "landlords and peasants".

Be it business or industry.

Whether it is Li Yan or the emperor.

Be it conservatives or radicals.

In the end, the core of the thinking is to solve the problem of "landlords and peasants".

The emperor's "Wang Xieyan, the people's family" is like this. The emperor thought that with fertilizer, mergers could be suppressed.

This is the case with the tens of millions of radical immigration plans. Radicals believe that the billions of acres of land in North America and Australia can completely resolve domestic conflicts.

This is the case with the development of industry and commerce of the Pragmatic School. Under Liu Yu's concept of "per capita grain possession", they regard industry and commerce as a "means of redistribution of food", and finally let those landless farmers make a living by industry and commerce.

Not that they are stupid beep.

On the contrary, because they are not stupid beeps - with the current fucking trade situation, whose head is rusted in Dashun to consider industrial protection?What needs protection?
The only way for silver to flow out is the Three Treasures of Donglu, and ginseng can actually be grown by itself, but it is only for the aid of the law and the economic cycle of Fusang immigration, and it is not grown by itself.

French Canada only replaced North Korea's trade status in the Tianxia system, because North Korea used to raise deer species and ginseng to sell skins.

In the end, when it came to Li Yan, Li Yan attributed the problem to "logistics costs", "lack of infrastructure", and "transportation problems".

So, what is his purpose?
In fact, isn’t it still a great emigration?Isn't it still a solution to the serious contradiction between man and land in Kyushu?
However, what he inherited was Liu Yu's idea of ​​"making capital profitable, and every landless peasant can squeeze out the surplus value of several times the migration cost".

He couldn’t find mountains of gold and silver—that’s what Liu Yu did before. He couldn’t reduce the transportation cost across the Pacific Ocean to an extremely low level within 30 to [-] years, so he let the capital dig for mountains of gold and silver. , without reducing the transportation cost, each migrant can squeeze out a surplus value several times that of the ticket.

Li Yan could not find new mountains of gold and silver.

Then, we can only focus on the issue of "reducing migration costs and reducing transportation costs".

In the final analysis, the core is still "the contradiction between man and earth", which must be the first priority of the last dynasty.

Because the population of Dashun has soared to more than one-third of the world's population, this makes this problem abstract and becomes a problem of "even if the land is equal, the per capita land is only three to five mu".

As a result, the issue of landlords and tenants gave way to the issue of "per capita food shortage" in front of the Dashun Dynasty.

The premise is that Dashun won the first battle, won Nanyang, and drew a line in the Appalachian Mountains.Under the current international order, Dashun really has billions of mu of land that can be cultivated.

Not [-] million mu, not [-] billion mu, but billions of mu.

When the problem of "the imminent shortage of food per capita" became the first contradiction considered by the ruling class of the Dashun Dynasty, it was logical to move the landlords, or Li Zan thought about scraping some of the landlords' flesh to start infrastructure and industry.

As Lao Ma said: [Napoleon, with the help of the new market he opened up with the bayonet and the plunder of the mainland, repaid the taxes he imposed with interest along with the principal].

Li Yan was gambling heavily, and if he won the bet, he could return the principal with interest in the future, and return the principal of the "forced expropriation of the landlords" with interest in the future.

If you pay for the construction of a heavy industry today, I promise that 20 years later, I will return you ten times, a hundred times the valuable land that has the conditions for renting or farm labor.I want to use your money to create this "condition" so that those lands can be rented or farm hired workers, and the surplus value can be squeezed.

At this time, the worthless piece of land in the Ili River Valley only needs a railway that can transport cotton and grain, and that piece of land will be able to squeeze the surplus value.

Because, [how on earth is surplus value produced?It does not arise from circulation, but it is realized in circulation].

Li Yan, in fact, is practicing the old horse's knowledge.

What he wants to solve is the circulation problem of "realization of surplus value in circulation".

Production...isn't the main issue for now.Randomly grab a few Dashun farmers who have lost their land, and go to Fusang and Nanyang to farm, there will be no technical obstacles, and the farmers must be better than people in other places in the world at this time.

The farmers here have actually ordered all the technology points before the era of chemical fertilizers.

Ridge cropping, crop rotation, intercropping, smoke and frost prevention, soybean and wheat co-planting... Even the special terrain technology of "compounding grass to prevent anti-salt" in saline-alkali land was pointed out as early as the end of Ming Dynasty.

It is precisely because of the wisdom and labor efficiency of the working people that the Dutch fell into Liu Yu's Trojan Horse trick to transport the Javanese Chinese to Ceylon instead of continuing to catch the Tamils ​​to grow rice and build aqueducts.These laborers were the cornerstone of the Ceylon Trojan Horse plan, and Liu Yu's threat of force only helped to facilitate this matter.

But now, the idea that Li Yan wants to solve is that such a good labor force must find a way to create [conditions] that can squeeze out surplus value.

This is the essence of Saint-Simon's doctrine: under the condition of recognizing private ownership, lure capital to invest in industry.

　In my humble opinion, it may be that the transition between classical Chinese and the vernacular of the new era is too rapid, coupled with translation problems, leaving a lot of thorns, which can easily lead to preconceived and random understandings.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)