Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 78

【There is nothing weaker in the world than water, and there is nothing weaker than water, and there is nothing stronger than water. 】

Yan Kejun said: "There is nothing softer and weaker in the world than water", and Wang Bi wrote "There is nothing softer and weaker in the world than water".In Yuzhu and Wang Bi's "Qiang", there is the word "Zhe" under "Qiang", and "Xian" is "Sheng".There is also the word "Zhe" on the river, which is written as "Mo Zhineng Victory", and Gao Sui as "Mo Zhineng Shuang".

Luo Zhenyu said: Explanation: "Heshang's book is 'There is nothing weaker than water'." Yu Zhu, Dunhuang Xin, and Jingfu are all the same. "Attack", Dunhuang Xinben made "gong". Neither the Jinglong version nor the Dunhuang Xin version has the word "zhe" for "strong person", but the Dunhuang Geng version has the word "Yan Shui soft and weak" in this sentence.Also, "Sheng" in Jinglong edition and Dunhuang Xin edition are both written as "first".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun, Sui, and Jing's three books "win" as "first".

Li Daochun said: "There is nothing softer and weaker than water in the world", or "There is nothing weaker than water", it is not true.

The case of modesty: Shidetang Heshang Gong's original work "Mozhi can win", the word "zhi" is wrong.Also, the sentence "and attacking toughness" has the same meaning as "the most soft in the world, galloping to the hardest in the world" in chapter 42.Be firm and cooperate first.Water can cherish mountains and Xiangling, grind iron and sell copper, so it is called attacking fortifications.As the old saying goes, if the word "strong" is connected, there is no rhyme.And "Qiang" has the word "Zhe" in each book. The word "Xian", Yan, Peng, Fu, and Fan share the same stone.

[There is nothing easy about it. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: "Dunhuang Geng's version is "without changing it", while Jing Fu's version is "changing it because of his inability".

Jiao Hong said: "Because there is nothing to change it", there is nothing "to change".

The case of Qian: the Yan version has the word "Yi", and the Fu and Fan versions have the word "Ye".

【Therefore the weak overcomes the strong, and the soft overcomes the strong. No one in the world can know, and no one can do it. 】

Yan Kejun said: Yuzhu and Gao Sui wrote "So the soft overcomes the strong, and the weak overcomes the strong". "You can't know", each book "can" is "no".

Luo Zhenyu said: "softness is superior to rigidity", Jingfu version "sheng" is "neng", Dunhuang Geng version is the same as Jinglong version, but there is no word "Gu"; the imperial annotation version and Dunhuang Xin version are "so softness is better than rigidity, The weak prevail over the strong."And "no" is used as "able".

The case of modesty: Huainan Dao should teach and quote Lao Tzu saying: "The soft is better than the hard, and the weak is better than the strong. No one in the world knows it, but no one can do it." It is the same as Fu Yi's version.Only Fu Ben has no two "yes".

【The sage says:】

Yan Kejun said: "The imperial annotations are based on the words of the sages", and Wang Bi's writings are "based on the words of the sages".

Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "cloud" in the Dunhuang Xinben, but "yun" is used as "yan" in the imperial annotation version.Jinglong's version is "The Words of the Old Sages", and Jing Fu's and Dunhuang Geng's works are "The Words of the Old Sages".

Qian's case: Naijuan and Heshang are "clouds", and Xingxuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Gao, Gu, Peng, Fan, and Zhao are all "words".Fu Ben's "person" has the word "zhiyan".The case is "words". "言" and "云" have heavy meanings, and the word "cloud" is derived.

【"The filth of the country is called the master of the country; the bad luck of the country is called the king of the world."】

Yan Kejun said: "Shouguo is not auspicious." Heshang and Gaohui have the word "Zhi" under "Guo".

Sun Minkaozheng said: "Shouguo is not auspicious", and there are many characters of "Zhi" under "Shouguo" in this edition.

Liu Shipei said: In the case of Huainan Road, Lao Tzu's "Shouguo" has the word "neng" and "auspicious" has the word "zhi", so it should be an ancient version.

The case of modesty: "dirt" has the meaning of dirt.According to Zhuangzi’s chapter on Tianxia, ​​Lao Dan is quoted as saying: “Know the male, keep the female, and become the stream of the world. Know the whiteness, keep the disgrace, and become the valley of the world. Everyone takes the first, and oneself alone takes the second. It’s called receiving the dirt of the world. "Guo Xiang's note: "Female, humiliating, inferior, inferior, etc., are all so-called dirt." Dirt, the way of heaven'", Du's note: "bear the shame of dirt." After Gai retreated, he pushed things first, and what people hate, so it is more than Tao, the original meaning of "dirt".There is also the word "Wang", saying: "Where the world will go." Gu Liangzhuang's three biography said: "It is called the king, and the people will go." , the original meaning of "king".

[It's counterproductive. 】

Gao Yandi said: This language does not invent the purpose of the second and second metaphysics.The so-called "curve is complete, crooked is straight, hollow is full, and weak is new", "weakness wins strong and strong", if it is not beneficial to life, it will live for a long time, if it is inactive, it will be promising, and if you don't fight, you can't fight. I don’t know.” Loss leads to gain, benefit leads to loss, words are opposite but principles complement each other, all right words.

Wu Cheng said: "If a correct statement is contrary", the old version used this as the last sentence of the previous chapter.In the previous chapter of this case, the four sentences of "Sage's Cloud" are concluded, and the semantic meaning is complete, so there should not be another sentence at the end, which is not the case in other chapters. The chapters "Jue Xue Wuyou" and "Xi Yan Nature" both have four characters at the top, which is the outline of a chapter, and the following is a detailed description, and this chapter is also the same.Also, the three characters "anti", "resentment" and "goodness" rhyme together, so we know that this sentence should be the starting language.

Qian's case: Wu said it was true. It is also evidence that "right words are contrary to what is said" is not divided into chapters and strict editions.

[Phonetic rhyme] Jiang's rhyme reading in this chapter: Qiang, Gang, Xing rhyme (Yang Department), dirt, main rhyme (Hou Department, Zhu, Zhu Fanfan), Xiang, Wang rhyme (Yang Department), Yan, Fan rhyme (Yuan Department, reverse, flat tone).Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen are the same, but they are not as good as "speaking" and "anti".Gao Benhan: Words, anti-rhyme.Takeuchi Yoshio: Xiang, Wang, Fanyun, Gai Mi.Qian's case: "Yan" and "Fan" belong to the next chapter. Fan, resentment, goodness, and Jiang Jin's three-twenty-one homophonic table enters the tone of Yuanbu, and the ancient tone of Yao Wentian harmonizes with the tone of Jiuhan Qu, and the three characters co-rhyme.And "and attack the tough" is a sentence, firm, rhyme first, before talking about it.Gu Yanwu's Tang Yun, volume 45, [-]th thick: "素", ancient sound ancient.Laozi: "Receiving the dirt of the country is for the master of the country." Deng Tingzhen said: "Lord", the ancient pronunciation is in the Houbu, Yifeng [-] and [-] rhyme with "蔀" and "Dou", and the poem line reed and "醹" , "Dou", "口", Juan'a and "Hou" rhyme, which is the evidence.Laozi "received the dirt of the country, it is called the master of the country", and the dirt and the master are the rhymes.

The Youjinglong tablet is not divided into chapters, with 62 characters, the Heshang version has 65 characters, the Wang version has 64 characters, the Fu version has 73 characters, and the model version has 71 characters.Heshang titled "Ren Yan No.70", Wang Ben titled "78 Chapters", and the template titled "There is nothing weaker than Shui Chapter No.70".

(End of this chapter)