Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 65

[The ancient goodness is the way, if you are not a wise person, you will be a fool. 】

Yan Kejun said: "It is not based on Ming people", and each book is "Ming Min".

Luo Zhenyu said: Dunhuang Xin and Renben "zhi" are both called "min".Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's two books are "foolish" as "entertainment".

The case of modesty: Suizhou and Zhao Zhijian's version of "Ming" also used "person", Luo Juanren's version of "Yu" as "Yu", and the word "min" was emphasized, and the difference was not found.It is also strong and sparse: "Being a Taoist is like cultivating the Tao. It is said in ancient times that a person who is good at cultivating the Tao has real wisdom and internal clarity, and he is omnipresent. .” It is what Cheng sees, and this book is also called “Mingren”.Also the word "foolish", Wu Neitun's original work is "entertainment".Said the text: "Entertainment, entertainment." The poem came out of its east gate: "Talk and entertainment." Zhang Jingyang chanted the epic: "There are many joys in the government and the public."Youren is originally written as "Yu", "Yu" and "Yu" can be used in ancient times.In Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, "Silky, Foolish and Dangerous Words", the scriptures describe and hear that foolishness means encountering, but it is meaningless to write "encounter".In another case, "foolishness" and "wisdom" are opposite. Foolishness means making people's hearts pure, and pureness is chaos.Chapter [-] "My Fool's Heart Is Pure" covers what Lao Tzu called the ancient goodness to be the way, who leads the people to live in peace with each other in the stuffy world, first perfects his fool's heart, and then promotes self-improvement. human ear.Gao Yandi said: "Tao, reason, means to rule the world. Foolishness means turning back simplicity and returning simplicity, and changing the habit of pouring water, which is the righteousness of the world's heart. It is the same as Qin people's poems and books, and the head of foolish Guizhou. different."

[The people are difficult to govern because of their wisdom. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Because of his wisdom", each book is "Wisdom".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong version and Dunhuang Xin version are both written as "multi-wisdom".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's two books "Zhiduo" are called "Wisdom Gu".

The case of modesty: Fu's version is "knowledge more", and the model version is "know more".Yi Shunding said: "Wang's note: 'Many wisdom, skillful deceit.' The following note says: 'It is also because of its great wisdom.' It is Wang Ben who also wrote 'Many wisdom'."

【Governing a country with wisdom is the thief of the country; not governing the country with wisdom is the blessing of the country. 】

Yan Kejun said: Yu Zhu, Wang Bi, and Gao Hui wrote "therefore".

Luo Zhenyu said: None of the Jinglong, Jingfu, Dunhuang Geng, and Ren editions have the word "Gu", and the Dunhuang Xin edition uses "Fu" as "De".

The case of Qian: Yan, Heshang, Suizhou, and Shiwen, Zhiyao, and Shuchaoyin all have no "Gu" character, but Fu and model editions have the word "Shi Gu", Fenxi wrote "Shi Gu", three articles by Han Feinan, Ji Lingdi Ji Ci of the Later Han Dynasty There is the word "ye" under "thief", which is the same as Fu Bentong.In the Ren version of Dunhuang, "governing the country" was mistakenly written as "knowing the country", and in the Suizhou version, "Fu" was also written as "virtue".

Yi Shunding said: The original text of Wen Zidao quoted "not governing the country with wisdom, the virtue of the country", or later generations did not know that the rhyme between "thief" and "blessing" was changed.

The case of modesty: easy to say yes.This should be called "Fu".Xunzi's rough article: "The Son of Heaven came to the throne, and Shangqing came in and said: 'How can you worry about it! If you can eliminate the trouble, you will be a blessing, and if you can't eliminate the trouble, you will be a thief.'" Also "blessing" and "thief" are used together as a rhyme.In the Dunhuang Two Books, "Fu" is replaced by "De", and "Fu" and "De" have similar meanings.In the Book of Rites, Duke Ai asked "the virtue of the common people", and noted: "It's like blessing." In Jin dialect: "Fu De is the foundation of blessing." "De" may be the annotation of "Fu".

[Knowing these two, you can also wipe the style.It is often known that the wipe style is called Xuande. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Yixi Shi", Heshang wrote "kai", Wang Bi wrote "Ji", and the next sentence is the same.

Luo Zhenyu said: Explanation: "Yan and Heshang made 'kai style'." Jinglong, Yuzhu, Jingfu, Dunhuang Geng, Xin, and Ren also wrote "kai style", the same below.

Qian’s case: Suizhou, Fenxi, Naijuan, Gu, Peng, and Wang Xi’s books are all written in “kai style”, while Fu, Fan, and Gao’s are written in “Ji style”. "Common knowledge", Fan Zuo "knows this", Fu, Zhao, Gao Zuo "knows".Fan said: "Fu Yi and Wang Bi share the same ancient version. Ji, the ancient is reversed, the test is also the same, just like the "Ji" in Shangshu's "Ji Gu". Fu Yiyun: "Ji style, the same style as the present and the ancient." "Now Case Dao Zang Song Zhang Taishou Collected Four Notes and Bi Notes: "Kai, the same. What is the same in the past and present, it cannot be discarded. Knowing the regular style is called Xuande." It is also written by Wang Ben, which Zhang Taishou saw. "Kai style" is the same as this stone.Although "Ji" and "Kai" are mixed together in ancient times, in Zhuangzi's great master's article "Fox does not join hands", Han Feizi said that it is suspected to be "Hu Buji", and "Ji Shi" is also "Kai Style", but "Kai" is the original character. "Ji", the word Lin: "to stay, to stop." Yupian: "to stay, to rule, to test, to combine, to plan." It is meaningless here.Yupian: "Kai style." The Book of Rites said: "When you travel in this world, later generations will think of Kai." Guangya explained: "Kai, the law."The inscription "Kai" is written as "Kai", and the word Lin in the case is: "Kai, Mo Ye." Guangya explained the third: "Kai, Mo Ye." The difference from the word "Kai" should be from the manuscripts of the Six Dynasties and the works of the Tang Dynasty. "Kai".Ma Qichang said: "Kai style" refers to "the ancient goodness is the way".Both of governing a country with wisdom and not governing a country with wisdom have been known since ancient times, and each has its own script to learn from.The regular style of those who can know how to get along with things but actually achieve smoothness can be called Xuande.

[Xuande is far-reaching, against things, and then even Dashun. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Profound and far away are contrary to things", and each of the works is "deep and far away, and contrary to things".

Luo Zhenyu said: The Jinglong version and the Dunhuang Xin version are "profound and far-reaching", and the Geng version is "deep and far-reaching".Also, "Contrary to things", the Jinglong version and Dunhuang Xin version do not have the word "Yi", and the Geng version does not have this sentence. The word "then" is absent in Jinglong's, Dunhuang Geng's and Ren'er's editions. Under "Zhi", Dunhuang Geng originally had the word "Yu".

Tojo Yitang said: According to the book, there is no word "then".Sun Kuang Kaozheng also said: "There is no word 'then' in this book." In this case, there is no word "then" in Ji Kang's commentary on health preservation, "Lao Tzu said 'the opposite of things, and even Dashun'".

Qian’s case: Yan Zun, Heshang, Jingfu, Naijuan, Wang Xizhi, Fu, and Fan all have no word “then”, Fu and Fan’s “Zhi” has the word “Fu” above it, and the word “Yu” below it.There is a word "Qi" on "Yu" in Wenzi's natural chapter, and the first two sentences of Suizhou, Gu, and Zhao Zhijian are the same as this stone.

[Phonetic Rhyme] This chapter reads Jiang's rhyme: country, thief, country, blessing, style, style, German rhyme (Zhibu, thief, 徂力力), far, anti rhyme (Yuanbu).Deng Tingzhen: thief, blessing, style, virtue rhyme, far away, reverse rhyme.Xi Tong: Thief, Fu, Shi, Shi, De rhyme, Yuan, Fan, Shun rhyme.The sixth part of Jiangyong's ancient rhyme standard entrance tone: "Fu", the pen is vigorous.The circumstantial evidence quotes this chapter of Lao Tzu.Gu Yanwu and Tang Yun are entering the room: "Fu", the ancient pronunciation of Fang Mofan.Quoting Lao Tzu's chapter, he said, "The blessing of this case rhymes with thieves, style, and virtue."Side evidence: The first chapter of the Book of Songs is drunk: "When drunk with wine, and full with virtue, a gentleman will last forever, and you will be blessed." If you do everything you can, the world will obey; if you don’t take anything, the people will rebel, and you will not be free from thieves.” And Xunzi’s sketches: “If you can get rid of troubles, you will be a blessing, if you can’t get rid of troubles, you will be a thief.”

The Youjinglong tablet version has 65 characters, the Dunhuang version has the same characters, the Heshang version has 67 characters, the Wang version has 69 characters, the Fu version has 74 characters, and the model version has 71 characters.Heshang titled "Chunde No.60", Wang Ben titled "Chapter 65", and model book titled "Ancient Goodness is Dao Chapter No.60".

(End of this chapter)