Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 53

[The world has a beginning, and it is thought that the world is the mother. 】

The case of modesty: Fu Yi’s original work “can be the mother of the world”, there is no word “ke” in other versions, but the Daozang Wang’s version has a note: “If you start well, you will be good at raising animals. Therefore, if the world has a beginning, you can be a mother. The mother of the world.” Dao Zang Song Zhang Taishou’s collection of four annotations is the same as the Tibetan version, and the palace version misses these 22 characters.The text in the note "can be the mother of the world" is the same as Fu Yi's version.

[I know both my mother and my son. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Know his son again", Heshang did "Re-knowledge", Wang Bi and Gao Hui did "Yizhi".

Qian's case: "Know your mother", Daozang Wang Ben Tong, Zhu Wang Ben, Dun, Sui Ben, Wang Xi Zhi Ben, Fu, Fan Ben "knowledge" as "get", Jing Fu, Guangming, He Shang, Nai Juan, Muromachi, Gu Huan and Wenxuan Sixuan Fu are annotated with this stone. "Youzhi Qizi" has the character "Yi" under "You" in Muromachi, Dun and Sui wrote "Yizhi", and Nai Juan wrote "Fuzhi".Li Daochun said: "'If you know your mother, you can know your son', or you can say, 'If you know your mother, you can know your son', neither of these two sentences are true."

[Now that you know the son, you will guard your mother.Not dead. 】

Qian's case: "Qi" under "zhi" is missing, so it should be supplemented according to his original. "Recovering his mother", Jing Fu's original work "Recovering his mother", was a mistake because of the above two words "zhi".In Li Daochun's version, "shou" is used as "return", and in Xingxuan, Naijuan, Fu, and model editions, "no" is used as "death".And what is said in this chapter is the so-called purpose of "circling around without danger" in Chapter 25. "Walk around without dying, and you can be the mother of the world", that is to say, "The world has a beginning, and it is considered the mother of the world" in this chapter. "Know the mother and know the son, and know the son and guard the mother." The son and mother are inextricably linked, that is, the meaning of infinity.More than that, let’s talk about Chapter 25 in detail.

【Seqidui, close the door.Not working for life. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: "Dui", and the interpretation: "Heshang's version is called 'Rui'." Jing Fu's version is also called "Rui", the same below.

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dunben's "diligence" is "diligence".

The case of modesty: Luo Juan made "diligence".Also "Dui", the current version of Zhuhe is also written as "Dui", and Huainan Road should teach the same as the above three sentences.

Yu Yue said: "Dui" in the case should be read as "acupoint".The style of the anthology is "the wind comes from nothing", and Zhuangzi's "wind comes from empty reading". "Reading" from the sound of dui can be pretended to be "point", and "dui" can also be falsely called "point". "Closing its acupoint" is exactly the same as "closing its door".

Sun Yirang said: "Dui" in the case should be read as "tunnel", and the two characters are commonly used in ancient times.In the 23rd year of Xiangxiang, the Zuo Zhuan "Qizhi and Hua also carried Jiaye into the tunnel". "Dui" is its proof.Guangya Shishi said: "Tunnel, the road." Du Zhuan, the first year of Zuo Zhuanwen, said: "The tunnel is also the path." "Seqidui" also means the path of the road.

Qian's case: Yu said yes. Where "Dui" is understood, "Dui" is pretended to be "reading", but it is actually acupoints and orifices, such as ears, eyes, nose, mouth and mouth.Yi Shuo hexagram: "Dui is the mouth." Lao Tzu "Sai Qi Dui", Heshang Note: "Dui, Mu Ye." Zhuang Zide's full symbol "pass without losing in Dui", also refers to eyes and ears.Huainan Road should be trained "Taigong said 'Saimin Yudui'", Gao You noted: "Dui, ears, eyes, nose and mouth. Lao Tzu said: 'Saiqidui.'" Yes.

[Kai Qidui, help the matter, and never save it for life. 】

Qian's case: "Kaiqidui", Suizhou originally used "Dui" as "door", and Jingfu originally used "rui". The two words "not saving for life" and "not working hard for life" are relatively written, but their intentions are opposite. "Qin" is borrowed as "瘽".Shuowen said: "瘽, sickness." (Ma Xulun said) "save" is borrowed as "逑".Shuowen said: "Amassing is also collecting." (Luo Yunxian said that if you don't buy, you don't get anything.) Seize the exchange, close the door, and the husband is sick, so he will not be sick for life.There is nothing worse than wanting to get something if you want to get it, but you will never get it for life.

[Seeing the small is bright, keeping the soft is strong. 】

Qian's case: Luo Juan has the word "yes" under "small", which is wrong.In the Jingfu version and Wu Cheng version, the "yue" is combined as "day", and the sentences in Naijuan and Hexia are "day".Wu said: "The day may be written as a saying, and the biography is wrong." The text of the text and the 55th chapter should be "yue", and all the kings should use "yue", and Huainan Dao should also write "yue" and "day". "error.Takeuchi Yoshio said that the word "Xiao" in "Seeing Xiaoyueming" is a bad form of "Chang", as evidenced by Chapter 55 "Knowing Changyueming".This is very different.However, Huainan Binglue said that "seeing what is invisible to others is called Ming", and the theory of "seeing the small is called Ming" is more reasonable.Also, "Keeping softness means being strong", the Dunhuang version uses "Shou" as "Yong", and the strong version quotes the scriptures: "Using softness means being strong." It is all related to the word "Yong" in the text below.

[Use its light to return to its brightness,]

Qian’s case: Huainan Dao Yingxun quoted two sentences with the word “is the reason”, and Mou Zili’s confused theory quoted three sentences “Use its light, restore its brightness, and leave no harm to your body”, without the word “return”.Also "Return to Qiming", Gao Hui wrote "Yu Ming".

[It is customary to leave nothing behind. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Xi Chang", Yuzhu and Gao Hui wrote "Xi Chang".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui wrote "Xi Chang", and "Xi" and "Xi" have the same pronunciation.

Qian’s case: Jingfu, Nai Juan, Gu Huan, Zhu Heshang, and Wang Ben all wrote “Xi Chang”.Xing Xuan, Lou Zheng, Fenxi, Yan, Peng, Fu, Fan, Wang Xizhi, and Zhao Mengfu wrote "Xi Chang", "Xi" and "Xi" Gu Tong.An anthology of Ren Yansheng and Xiao Gong’s travel notes quoted Shangshu Jin Teng’s “Xi” as “Xi”, which said: “Xi, Xitong.” Zhou Li’s local official Xu Shi’s note said: “The old book Xi is Xi.” It’s all examples.Also "Chang", said Wen: "Xia Ye, from the towel, Shang Sheng, or from the clothes." Gai "Chang" is the ancient word "Shang".Explanation of the name: "Clothing is a barrier; so it is self-obstructed." This cloud "attacks the constant", and Chapter 27 "is called attacking the light", which has the same meaning of keeping a low profile and hiding the light. "Xi", Yupian: "The robe with the left lapel is also, and the clothes are heavy." It means that the clothes are heavy, so they are self-obstructed.And the "chang" of "customary", Ye Mengde originally wrote "shang".But in Laozi's book, "light" and "brightness" have different meanings (Da Tian Qingxuan said).Chapter 55 "Returning life is the daily life, knowing the daily life is Ming", Chapter 33 "Knowing harmony is the daily life, knowing the daily life is Ming", Chapter 52 "He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is clear", Chapter 22 "Seeing the small is Ming", Chapter 24, "I do not know by myself", and Chapter 58, "I do not see by myself", both of which refer to the inner wisdom. Chapter 56 "Light without shining", Chapters 52 and 41 "Harmony with its light", and Chapter 36 "Use its light to return to its brightness", it is said that "light" refers to the wisdom of appearance.Gai is like light in the same dust, the light is not shining, it hides its light, which is what Zhuangzi called "preserving light" in his theory of equalizing all things, which is also called "strike clothes".If you don’t see the old light by yourself, if you are ignorant of the way of understanding (Chapter 27), you will hide your light from the bottom of your mouth.Gai Ximing and Xi Chang seem to be the same but are actually different.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Shi, mother, mother, son, mother, and almost rhyme (the part), door, Qin rhyme (the part of the text), matter, rescue rhyme (the, youtong rhyme, Shixie Shishoufan) ), Ming, Qiang, Guang, Ming, Calamity, Chang Yun (Yang Department).Qianzhi's case: things, Zhibu, rescue, Youbu, Zhi, You rhyme.Xi Tong is the same.Xi said: "Mother reads every time. Things and rescue are rhymes. The rhymes of ", ", and "you" are also examples in Heguanzi Shibing's chapter." This chapter of Lao Tzu is quoted as "the beginning of the world without a name, the mother of all things with a name". "Suddenly like the sea, drifting as if there is no end, everyone has something to do, but I am stubborn and contemptuous, I am unique from others and value my mother." "Independence without change, Zhou Xun without peril, can be the mother of the world." "A mother with a country can last forever".Deng Tingzhen said: "Things and rescues are rhymes."Things are the Qu Sheng of the Department, and rescue is the Qu Sheng of the You Bu. Those who think of rhyme instead of rhyme are like "Qiu" rhyming with "口", "Ji", "Niu" and "鼒" in poetry.

There are 72 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 73 characters in the Dunhuang version, Heshang version and Wang Bentong version, and 72 characters in the model version.Heshang's original title is "Return to Yuan II", Wang's original title is "52 Chapters", and the model title is "The World Has a Beginning Chapter II".

(End of this chapter)