Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 51

【go through fire and water.There are three out of ten people who live, and three out of ten people who die,]

Luo Zhenyu said: "Ten" in the Dunhuang edition is written as "Shi", the same below.

Ma Xulun said: There are no two characters "Tu" and "Tu" in the text, but "Tu" means the original characters of "Tu" and "Tu".Zhuangzi's most happy chapter "eats from Taoists", that is, Dao Tu.The word "only" can be read like a word.

The case of modesty: "Born to die", Lu's Spring and Autumn Lust Chapter High Note Citation is the same.Zhuangzi: "Everything comes from the machine, and everything enters from the machine." And "it doesn't feel when it goes out, and it doesn't refuse when it goes in", and "it has something to go out, something has to go in, and it goes in and out without seeing its shape", the theory of birth and death .

【Thirty out of ten people live and die when they move. 】

Yan Kejun said: Wang Bi and Gao Hui have the word "Yi" under the "ground".

Luo Zhenyu said: None of the four editions of Jinglong, Yuzhu, Jingfu, and Dunhuang have the word "Yi", but the Jingfu edition has the word "Jie" under "Dong".

Bi Yuan said: Fu Ben "there are three times out of ten when the people live and move, and the death of the move", He Shanggong and Wang Bi wrote "the life of the people, and the death of the move, there are three out of ten", Gu Shenzi wrote "the people live and die". death, three out of ten."The case of Han Feizi is the same as that of Yi.

Qian’s case: None of Yanben, Suizhouben, and Naijuan have the word “Yi”, while Naijuan and Muromachi have the word “Ji”.In Fan Yingyuan's original work, "There are three out of ten places where people live and move, and they die."

Yi Shunding said: "Wang Ben and Han Fei seem to be wrong."An anthology of Baozhao's thoughts and deeds on behalf of a gentleman quoted Lao Tzu saying: "Man's life is thick, and his movement is dead. There are three out of ten." The quotation seems to be valid.Gai used the six characters of "the thickness of a person's life" to form a sentence.Lao Tzu means that people strive too hard for life, and then move to death.Therefore, it is further clarified below: "What is the reason for the husband? Because of his generosity in life." There are three out of ten in life, and three out of ten in death. .If it is said that "human beings are born, they are born to move", the language is almost incomprehensible.Guan Wang's commentary also says: "However, people's livelihood is rich, and there is no place for life."

Gao Yandi said: "The person who lives" means that the person who has the blessing of nature can live for a long time; the "person who dies" refers to the person who has the thinness of the sky and dies in the middle way; , You can live for a long time, but if you don't maintain yourself, you will die by yourself.Covering the vastness of the world, the variety of characters, and the diversity of life and death, there are always these three. "Thickness in life" means that rich and noble people support themselves generously, take medicinal bait in order to live forever, and are suitable for dying. This is one end of the dead who moves and dies.People in the world know that killing thieves hurts life, but those who support themselves generously can preserve their health, but they don't know that it is the same as death, so they prophesy.The rate of people in the world is [-]%. Those who die prematurely occupy the third place, and those who die on their own account for the third place. Fortunately, those who are able to fulfill their normal life and death are only the third out of ten.Call!This righteous man is given less!Qian's case: There are three out of ten sayings, since Han Feizi, He Shanggong, Bi Xuzi, and Ye Meng learned that the four limbs and nine orifices are thirteen, which has been involved in the attachment.But there are also those who take the ten evils and three karmas as thirteen, such as Du Guangcheng; those who take the number of life and death of the five elements as thirteen, such as Fan Yingyuan.Its claims are not credible.Su Zhe said that there are nine ways of life and death, and one way of not being born and not dying. Lao Tzu said that there are nine ways, not one way, so that people can be content.It seems to have won the purpose of Lao Tzu, but actually uses the Buddha to understand the old.Because of this, Jiao Hong read Laozi's chapter "Birth and Death" and realized the game of life and death.Call!Also false!

[What's the reason for my husband?With its thickness. 】

Ma Xulun said: "Gu" is written as "Zai" by Fan "Gu", and the word "Zai" is under "Gu" in Nai Juan and Selected Works.Fan said: "What is the husband?" Han Fei is the same as the ancient version.

Qian’s case: Jingfu edition, Fu edition, Fan edition, and Muromachi edition have the word “ye” under the word “thick”.Luo Zhenyu said: "Jinglong's version has the word 'ye' under the word 'thick'." Gai made a mistake.Jiang Xichang followed his mistake and didn't know it.

[Gai Wen is good at health preservation. If you travel by land, you will not meet the mouth, and you will not be a soldier when you join the army. 】

Qian's case: "口口" is another structure of "兕虎". "兕虎" should be "虎兕".Wang Bi's commentary "Tiger's claws and corners are at a loss", Huainan's commentary teaches "a tiger's claws are at a loss, and Si's horns are at a loss", both "tiger" is in front of "si", and the ancient texts should also be "tiger". There is no doubt about Lianwen.Also, "Jia" in the Dunhuang version is used as "K", which is another structure of "Jia". "Yu" is "avoid" in Yan's version, and "be" is also used in Heshang and Zhao Ben as "avoid".

Yu Yue said: According to "quiet", He Shanggong originally wrote "avoid".According to Han Feizi's interpretation of the old article, "When you enter the mountains, you don't rely on preparations to save people from harm, so it is called 'into the army without armor soldiers'".

Liu Shipei said: According to Han Feizi's interpretation of an old article: "A sage travels around the world and has no intention of harming others, so no one will harm him. Rely on preparations to save people from harm, so it is said, 'When you enter the army, you don't prepare armored soldiers'." (Gu Qianli misunderstood and said: "Entering the mountains should be regarded as entering the world.") Lao Tzu's ancient texts "be" regarded as "preparations", saying that they do not rely on the preparation of armored soldiers. . "Bei" and "Bei" sound similar, and later generations changed "Bei" to "Bei", which is not an ancient version.Yu said no.

The case of modesty: it is also "be".Han Fei Jie Laoben is also called "quilt".Lu Wenxuan said: "Zhang Ling's book is a quilt." Gu Guangqi said: "The Tibetan version is a quilt, and the meaning of preparation and quilt is the same." Wang Xianshen said: "Guang Ya's interpretation: 'Preparation, tool also. : 'Bei, tool also.' Therefore, this book is 'Bei', Wang Bi's book is 'Bei', and 'Jia Bing' is based on his own words. Ming made "Bei" and "Bei" together. Heshang's book' Avoid', the error of sound."

[I have nothing to cast my horns on,]

Qian's case: 兕, the name of the beast, the female of the rhinoceros.Er Yayun: "It looks like a bison, with one horn, and weighs a thousand catties." Huainan Ziqian said, "The beauty of the south is the rhinoceros like Liangshan." Zhenye." The Book of Mountains and Seas says: "Si came out of the south of the Xiangshui River, and it was pale and black." Lao Tzu was born in Chu, so he used Si as a metaphor. "There is nothing to invest in", Dun and Sui wrote "to cast" as "to reside".Gu Bencheng said: "All the original words stay, stay, and stand." This is what Cheng saw in this work "Zhu".Huainan Interpretation and Training quotes "a tiger is at a loss for its claws, and a Si is at a loss for its horns". Both sentences are "measures".

Jiang Xichang said: "Zhu", cover and "Zhu".Zhuangzi Dasheng "uses tiles to annotate skillfully", and the commentary quotes Li's annotation: "Annotation, strike also." "Zhu" and "Note" are all fake "tou".Said the text: "Throwing is also a way."

Qian's case: Jiang said yes.Yantie Lun Shiwu chapter quoted as "兕useless its angle", use also notes.Lao Tzu "All people pay attention to their ears and eyes", Note: "Use it."

[The mouth has nothing to wipe its claws, and the soldier has nothing to hold its blade. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Wipe his claws", Yu Zhu, He Shang, and Wang Bi made "measures", and explained it as "wrong".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui's "measures" are written as "wrong", and the interpretations are the same.

Qian's case: Luo Juan's "claw" was changed to "口", which was wrong.It is also wrong to write "cuo" as "wipe" in the stele. "摇" is a typo of "measure".Han Fei Jielao, Shiwen, Suizhou Version, and Model Version all use "Cuo", Jingfu, Fenxi, Muromachi, Nai Juan, and Fu Yi all use "Cuo", and "Cuo" and "Cuo" are ancient Tong. "Take measures" means to be safe, to be caught at a loss, that is to say, to be caught at a loss. "Claw", Luo Juan as "口", is similar in shape to "catch".The four-tone rhyme volume of Xia Song's ancient prose has the word "catch" in the fourth volume, which quotes Guzi as the mouth.

[What's the reason for my husband?With its immortality. 】

Liu Shipei said: An old article written by Han Feizi said: "It embodies the way of heaven and earth, so it is said: 'There is no dead earth.'" Therefore, the word "ye" in this article is an error of the word "earth".Wang used "where does it exist" to explain it, so Wang Ben also referred to it as "land".Today, Heshang originally wrote "Di" and Wang originally wrote "Ye".

The case of Qian: All the kings are originally "land", not "yes", and Liu's evidence is wrong.All the kings originally wrote "Death" according to the Zhang family in Huating, and "Death" is meaningless.All stone editions and manuscripts are all the same stone, but the Suizhou edition uses "he" as "qi".The template "so" is "zai".Fu Ben and Nai Juan have the word "Ye" under "Gu", while Yan Ben and Muromachi Ben have the word "Zai".Han Feijie, Wang Xizhi's version, and Fu's version have the word "Yan" under the "di". This is to add meaning to the word, to increase the momentum of the language, and has nothing to do with the grand purpose.

Gao Yandi said: This chapter is for those who live in troubled times to instruct those who live in troubled times that tigers and weapons are fierce and ominous.Reading the two chapters of Zhuangzi's Health Preserving Master and Human World fully fulfills the purpose of this chapter, and it is not true that a hungry tiger can be tailed.Ge Hong's disciples didn't realize this meaning, and they created a spell that was disgusting, saying that they could enter the mountains to subdue monsters, which is extremely absurd.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Chen Zhu: Three "three" rhymes.The case of modesty: three, the ancient pronunciation is pronounced as Ruosen.The poem "Youmei" "In fact, there are three times, please ask me to be a commoner, and I will be here today", which is harmonious with today's rhyme.It is thick and horny.Fang Yizhi Tongya said: "Jiae, the ancient sound of Lu, poetry refers to Xiewu, Dongfang Shuo refers to Xiezu, and Zhong Changtong uses Xiev." In this case, "lu" and "hou" "foot" and "house" are all included in Wang Niansun's spectrum. The part of Hou is the rhyme of the same part of horn and thick.

The Youjinglong stele version has 79 characters, the Dunhuang version is the same, and the Heshanggong Shidetang version is the same (the Song version has 77 characters, with errors).The Wang version has eight characters, the Fu version has 87 characters, and the model version has 83 characters.Heshang's title is "Guisheng", Wang's title is "Fifty Chapters", and the model title is "Birth to Death Chapter".

(End of this chapter)