Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 37

[If you want to hide it, you must open it;]

Yan Kejun said: "Xizhi", "口之" on the river, "口之" by Wang Bi, "Shezhi" in Jianwen, and "Give". "Must be the cause", each of the works is "must be solid", and the next three sentences are all the same.

The case of modesty: it is also used as "Xi".Both Fu and Fan are called "Xi".Fan said: "Xi, Convergence, Heye, Gathering. Wang Bi is the same as the ancient version." It is also called "Xi" in the Wang version, and "She" in the current version.In the interpretation, "Jiangyukou" is written, and what Wang sees in the interpretation is written as "口".Dunhuang, Jingfu, and Muromachi are written as "口".

Bi Yuan said: There is no word "口" or "口" in ancient times.Shuowen Jiezi says: "She means to shrink the nose." She has the meaning of contraction, so it is opposite to "Zhang". Because of this, Gu Huan also has the meaning of occlusion. The ancient characters of "Xi" are rarely used.

Takeuchi Yoshio said: "According to the astronomical Chaohe Shangben and the Jinglong stele, it is called "Xi". Fan Yingyuan's Wang Bi's version is also written as "Xi", and Han Feiyu's old quotation is also the same.Both Wang and He were written as "Xi", and later generations changed the Wang version to "口" or "She", while the Heshang version was changed to "口".

[If you want to be weak, you must be strong; if you want to be strong, you must strengthen it; if you want to take it away, you must give it firmly.It means twilight. 】

Wei Jiasun said: "Gu Zhang", "Gu Qiang", "Gu Xing", "Gu Yu", the first two sentences are "Gu", and the next two sentences are "Gu".Yan Yun "'must be so', each of the books is 'must be solid', and the next three sentences are all the same", wrong.

Wu Yun said: Heshang Gong wrote "to make those who want to be weak" as "to make those who are not weak".

Qian's case: Wu Xiao also made a mistake, and Heshang's original work "will make the weak".Also, in the model version and Peng's version, "will want to take it" is changed to "will want to take it".

Ma Xulun said: Han Feiyu's old article quotes without the words "abolish it". "Duo", Fan and Han Feiyu quoted in the old chapter and wrote "Qi", saying that Lin's previous chapter cited Zhou Shu also as "Qi".The four sentences "will want to seize it" are quoted in each book and the biography of Huan Tan in the later Han Dynasty, the same as this.

Jiang Xichang said: "Historical Records Guan Yan Lie Chuan said: "Therefore it is said: Knowing and giving is the treasure of politics." "In this way, it is doubtful that "giving it is taking" is the original Lao Tzu's "if you want to take it, you must give it firmly".It is Shiji and Suoyin combined as "take".Fu Yi also thought it was "acquisition", which should be corrected according to Han Fei.

Lao Jian said: "Xing" is regarded as "Ju", and the next sentence is "must be solid with it". "Take it if you want it", Fan and Han Fei wrote "Take it if you want it".Fan's note: "Quiet, one to win, not ancient." According to "Xiwei", "Zhang Qiang", "Abolished", "Juyu" are two sentences that rhyme with each other, it is undoubtedly regarded as "执".Dongtiao Yitang said: According to Wei policy, Ren Zhang said: "Zhou Shu said: 'If you want to lose, you must help him; if you want to take it, you must give it.'" Note: Wang Yinglin said: "Zhou Shu said What is Su Qin’s so-called Yin Fu in the Zhou Shu? This is what the old man said.” Zhu Zi said: “Lao Zi is the history of Zhuxia, so I read this book.” According to Han Feizi, the Zhou Shu quoted by Lin is the same as the national policy.

The case of modesty: Lu's Spring and Autumn Traveling Theory says: "The poem says: 'If you want to destroy it, you must burden it; if you want to destroy it, you must lift it up.'" It is also similar to this word, and it is suspected that it is also Laozi out.In another case "it is called twilight", Gao Yandi said: "The first eight sentences refer to the ups and downs of misfortunes and fortunes, the natural luck of heaven and earth, which seems to be faint and bright. 'Twilight' means subtle but obvious."

[Soft beats hard, weak beats strong. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The Grand Ceremony is the same as this."Yuzhu, Heshang, and Wang Bi wrote "The soft and weak overcome the strong", and Fu Yi wrote "The soft overcomes the strong, and the weak overcomes the strong".Qian’s case: Wang Xi’s edition, Peng’s edition, and model edition are the same as Fu’s edition. The 78th chapter of the stele is written as "the weak overcomes the strong, and the soft overcomes the strong", and the text is inverted.Wang's original work is "the weak overcomes the strong, and the soft overcomes the strong", and Fu's original works "the soft overcomes the strong, and the weak overcomes the strong", which are divided into two sentences.Li Daochun said: "'The soft and the weak are better than the strong' can be divided into two sentences, no."

[Fish cannot escape from the deep,]

The case of modesty: "Tuo" in Fu and the model is changed to "侻".Bi Yuan said: "Heshang Gong and Wang Bi both used 'tuo'. There is no word for '侻' in ancient times, but the one who wrote 'tuo' was. Zhuangzi and Shuoyuan used 'tuo'."

Jiang Xichang said: The biography of Gongsun Shu in the book of the Later Han Dynasty said: "It is important that fish cannot escape from the abyss." The quotation is the same.Wei Zhuyun said: "Lao Tzu said: 'Fish can't get out of the spring.' If you get out, you will lose it, and if you lose the spring, it will dry up." In addition, Zhai Feng's biography quoted "Yuan" as "Spring".It is the ancient version of "Yuan" or "Spring".

Qian’s case: It’s not wrong to be a “spring”.This chapter Yuan, man-made rhyme, should be called "Yuan". The word "Spring" was changed from "Yuan" to "Spring" by the Tang people to avoid the taboo of the ancestors.Han Feiyu's old article "Therefore it is said 'fish cannot escape from the abyss'", Wang Xianshen said: "Shen character Yan. In Tang Dynasty, avoid Yuan and change Shen, later generations changed it back, and also changed Shen character ear." Today's case: people in Tang Dynasty avoided taboo, changed more " If "yuan" is "deep", then "yuan" can also be changed to "spring", but the word "yuan" is an old script.

[The country has a powerful weapon, and it cannot be shown to others. 】

Yan Kejun said: "State-owned", each book is "of the state". "Can be shown", each book is "can be shown".

The case of modesty: Han Feiyu used the "sharp weapon of the state" when he was old, and "state" was used as "country" in the Liuwei article, and the word "country" is also true.Zhuangzi Xunxi Pian, Huainan Dao Yingxun, Xunzi Zhengming Pian Yang Yan's Notes, Huainan Zhushu Xun Gao You's Notes, Wenxuan Guanzhong Poems Li Shan's Notes, Later Han Books Zhai Qing Zhuan, Du Du Zhuan are all quoted as "Guo".He also said that Yuan Jundao was quoted as "the sharp weapon of the country should not be borrowed from others".According to this, knowledge should be called "country" instead of "state".Wang Xianshen and Liu Shipei said that the word "Guo" was changed from the word "Bang", but this is true in other chapters, and this cannot be generalized.It is also said that Yuan Jundao quotes "you can't borrow people", which is the same as "borrowing" in "Liu Tao Shou Tu" "There is no sharp weapon for borrowing, and borrowing a sharp weapon will be harmed by others, and it will not last forever".In addition, Huainan's main instruction is "Those who are stupid should not be given sharp weapons", and Gao Youyu quoted Lao Tzu saying: "The sharp weapon of the country cannot be a dummy."

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Ming, Gang, and Qiang rhymes (yang part), Yuan and Ren rhyme (true part). The eight sentences of "will want to hide it" have no rhyme, no.Deng Tingzhen, Yao Wentian: Zhang, Qiang Yun.Xi Tong: Zhang, Qiang, Xing and Ming rhymes, Gang and Qiang rhymes.Chen Zhu: Zhang, Qiang, Xing Yuming, Qiang Yun.Gaoben Han: The five characters of She, Wei, Fei, Qu, and and the three characters of Zhang, Qiang, and Xing are rhymes. "Take", the inscription is "seize".Lao Jian said: "According to Xiwei, Zhangqiang, Abandoned Duo, and Ju He are all two sentences that rhyme with each other, and they are regarded as Duo." That's right.One said she, weak non-rhyme.Case "Xi", interpretation: "Jianwen is used as She, Heshang is used as mouth, Xu and Fan." Ming, Gang, Qiang or Ming and Qiang are rhymes.Gu Yanwu said: "In the Ming Dynasty, the ancient sound Molangfan, today we use letters to find it, and it seems to be Milangfan. Ming and strong rhyme. Anecdotal evidence: Moderation: 'If you can do this, even if you are soft, you must be strong.'" (Tang Yun Zhengjuan 52 Geng) and: "Rou, the ancient reading is like worm. Shuowenkou and 鍒 are all training. Wei Taiwu changed Rouran to worm, so the soft sound is like worm, so we can know it." Youyuan, man-made rhyme.All families are the same.Jiang Yong said: "Yuan, everything is cut. Anecdotal evidence: Lao Tzu: 'Fish cannot escape from the abyss, and the sharp weapon of the country cannot be shown to others.' Evidence: The poem 'his heart is in the abyss' rhymes with the body and people, 'the heart is in the abyss' The rhymes are zero, people, fields, and thousand." Deng Tingzhen said: "Yuan's ancient sound is true, first with the same department. Yiqian Nine Fourth' or Yue Zai Yuan' rhymes with Ninth Five-Year 'Lijian adults'. The poem Yanyan's heart is blocked Yuan' and 'widow' rhyme, and 'Bingxin Saiyuan' in Dingzhi Fang rhymes with the two characters 'ren'."

The Youjinglong stele version has 53 characters, but the Dunhuang Ding version is incomplete and the number of characters is unknown.Heshang and Wang Ben have 56 characters, Fu Ben has 57 characters, and the model version has 59 characters.Heshang's title is "Twilight No. 30", Wang's title is "Chapter 36", and the model title is "Chapter No. 30 of Jiang Yuxi".

(End of this chapter)