Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 34

【Appreciating a wise, knowing those out. 】

The case of modesty: Fu and model texts begin with the first sentence, and there is the word "ye" at the end of each sentence.Fan Yingyuan said: "The ancient version has the word 'ye' at the end of each sentence, and the meaning of the text is graceful, but the world version does not have the word 'ye', to the point of 'the one who does not lose its place for a long time', if there is no word 'ye', the meaning of the text is insufficient. According to the ancient version." Case: Fan said it was not true.The details of the ancient editions of Laozi are different from each other. This is due to the different influences of customs and speech in Hebei and Jiangnan since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Yan's family precepts and certificates say: "The words of Ye, Shi, Yu, Ji, and auxiliary characters are well-prepared in the literature. Hebei Jingchuan has omitted this word." 'The word is often changed with the meaning." Among the current books, the southern version is detailed, while the northern version is abbreviated. The detailed ones are like Fu and Fan. In this chapter, there is the word "ye" under each sentence, and the abbreviated ones are like Jinglong, Suizhou, and Dunhuang. , the number of words is similar to that of the five thousand-character ancient version, but the detailed ones are actually changed with intentions, which must be distinguished.

In the case of Han Feizi's old article "Self-seeing is known", Wang Xianshen said: "'Self-seeing', Lao Tzu's 'self-knowledge. The root of '. The word 'see' is an error in the two words 'seeing'. It is not Han Fei who sees the original difference. I should follow Lao Tzu as 'knowledge'."

The case of modesty: Zhuge Liang's biography of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang's biography, and Zhouyi Jijie's interpretation of "Zhen" Xiayu translated this sentence, all of which are written as "the one who knows himself knows", and the word "zhi" is. "Those who see themselves are clear" is the opposite of "Those who see themselves do not know" in Chapter 24 of the scriptures.

[Victory is powerful, self-victorious is strong. 】

Wei Jiasun said: "Victory is powerful", and there is a character "Zhe" under "人" in the imperial note.

Luo Zhenyu said: "Qiang" in the Dunhuang version is "qiang", and "forced" is the same in the following.

The case of Qian: He, Wang, Fu, and the model editions all have the word "Zhe" under "Ren", and this sentence also has the word "Zhe" in the translation of "Kun" Xiayu in Zhouyi Jijie.Han Feizi also referred to the old "self-victory is strong" as "self-victory is strong".Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: "Those who want to win others must first win themselves; those who want to know others must first know themselves." And self-knowledge: "Survival and death are safe and dangerous, do not seek outsiders, but know yourself... There is nothing greater than ignorance." Gai Jie changed his writing because of Lao Tzu.

[He who is content is rich, and he is ambitious. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Forcibly have ambitions", each book has the word "Zhe" under "Xing".

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither the Jinglong version nor the Dunhuang version has the word "Zhe".

The case of Qianzhi: Qun Shu Zhi Yao Volume 34 quotes the word "Ze" under "Xing Zhe", and the word "Zhe" under "Xing" in the Muromachi version.

[He who does not lose his place lasts a long time, and he who dies without dying lives long. 】

Qian's case: Husbands and things have their own things. "Flying dragon rides on the cloud, soars the snake and swims in the mist, and the cloud disappears after the fog disappears, but the dragon and snake are the same as the ants" (Han Feizi Nanshi cited Shenzi), this statement misses the point.Those who do not lose their place, as Yi Gen said: "Gen, stop. When the time stops, stop, when the time goes, go, the movement and stillness do not lose the right time, and the way is bright." And Mo Jing said: "It will last for a long time." All this is the purpose.

Yi Shunding said: "I think Lin's "death" is "frivolous".To die without being presumptuous is to say that one who attains righteousness dies.Although the Heshang version is also written as "death", the commentary says: "If you don't see in vain, don't hear in vain, and don't speak in vain, you will have no resentment against the world, so you will live long." It is also read as "delusion". .

Qian's case: "Death" in the old Muromachi banknotes and the four sons of Chudu are all written as "arrogant".Volume [-] of Yilin and Juan [-] of Qunshu Zhiyao quoted the Tao Te Ching "He who dies without ignorance will live long", and quoted Heshang Gong's commentary, knowing that the ancient editions seen on Heshang were also called "arrogance". "Death" and "crazy" are common in ancient times.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Ming, Qiang Yun (Yang Department), Fu, Zhi Yun (Zhi Department), Jiu, Shou Yun (Zhi, You Tong Yun, Jiu Xie Yin Jiu).The case of modesty: Jiu, Zhibu, Shou, Youbu, thiszhi, Youtong rhyme.Yao Wentian and Xi Tong are the same.Deng Tingzhen: Fu, Zhi, Jiu Yun.Gao Benhan and Chen Zhu: Fu, Zhi, Jiu, and Shou are the same rhyme.Deng Tingzhen said: "Fu", "Zhi" and "Jiu" rhyme. "Fu", the ancient pronunciation reads well.Said the text: "rich, prepare also." Shi Fan has five views, and Yi Fan has three views, all of which rhyme with the words of Zhi and Xibu. "Jiu" has a few pronunciations in ancient times. Poetry is seen three times, and Yi Fan is seen twice. They all rhyme with it and Habu. "Jiu" below "dead but not dead", the word "Jiu" rhymes with "Fu" and "Zhi" above, and it rhymes with "Shou" below, which is the case when the pronunciation gradually changed after the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.He also said: "Jiu" is read like oneself in ancient times.The second chapter of the poem Yanqiu rhymes with "Yi", the chapter of June's death rhymes with "Xi", "Qi", "Friends", "Li" and "Yi", and the three chapters of Liao'e rhymes with "shame" and "respect".From the word "Jiu" sound, the rhyme of "Qiong", "Jiu" and "Li" of papaya, the rhyme of "Pei", "Jiu" and "Li" and "Zi" of hemp in Qiuzhong, and the rhyme of "Kong" and "Zi" of Caiwei "Guilty" and "lai" rhyme, Mudu's "Kong" and "Jiu" and "lai" rhyme, Dadong's "heart guilt" and "lai" rhyme, Zhao Min's "weijin's guilt" and "rich" The rhyme of "Shi" and "Zi" is the sound of "Jiu", and it is exactly the same in the Habu.However, Yi Yun only has the rhymes of "jiu" and "exhaustion", "doubt", "time" and "lai" in Jixiang, and the rhymes of "eternal" and "jiezhi" in miscellaneous hexagrams.In addition, the rhyme of "Dao" and "Dao" in Linyu Zhuan, the rhyme of "Tao", "blame", "zao" and "shou" in Ganxiang Zhuan, the rhyme of "ugly" and "blame" in Daguo Xiang Zhuan, and the rhyme of "blame" and "blame" in Lixiang Zhuan. The rhyme of "Tao" is the same as today's rhyme.The way of covering the sound changes with time. When Confucius praised Yi, the sound has changed slightly, so it may be the same or different from the poem.Lao Tzu said "If you don't die, you can last for a long time", and "for a long time" rhymes with "peril". "The mother of a country can last forever", "jiu" rhymes with "mother".Same rhyme as poetry. "The one who is content is rich, the one who is forced to have ambition, the one who does not lose his place for a long time, and the one who dies but does not die live." "Jiu" rhymes with "rich" and "will". Same with Yi.It was at that time that it had its own sound, and it was impossible to generalize it.The word "Jiu" in Shuowen goes down: "The poem says: 'Yi I Pei Jiu.' Read it like a scorpion. Or say: a sentence with the spine of a human sentence." Read it like a sentence, it has an ancient sound; read it as a sentence, it has another sound .Although the sentence is in the Hou Department, but You and Hou Yin are close, or its reason?
There are 38 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 36 characters in the Dunhuang version, 38 characters in the Heshang and Wang versions, and 46 characters in the Fu and Fan versions.Heshang's title is "Debate No. 30 Three", Wang's title is "Chapter 33", and the model title is "Those Who Know People Know Chapter No. 30 Three".

(End of this chapter)