Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 31

【Those who take the Tao as the master of the people do not use soldiers to strengthen the world,】

Yan Kejun said: "Using Dao to write", and each book is "Using Dao to assist".

Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "Zhe" in Jingfu, but there is a word "Yu" under "Qiang".In the Dunhuang version, "Qiang" is written as "Qiang", and the word "Yu" is also included below.

Ma Xulun said: "Xuanbi's note said: "It is not yet possible to be stronger than the world." The Wang Ben also has the word "yu".Dongtiao Yitang said: "According to the rules of ministers and keeping the way", under the word "Qiang", there is the word "Yu", which is in line with Wang's annotation.

Yu Yue said: "According to the Tang Jinglong stele, it is an ancient version that says "Tao is the master of the people".Heshanggong’s note said: “It is said that the master can assist himself with the way.” Then Heshanggong is also the word “zuo”.If it is said "to assist the master with the Tao", it means that the minister assists the master with the Tao. How can it be said that the master assists himself with the Tao?Because the words "zuo" and "zuo" are similar, and the word "assistant" in the annotation is misleading.Wang Bi’s book has the word “Zuo”, so the note says: “It’s not enough to use Dao to assist the master, but it’s not enough to be stronger than the world. What’s more, the master bows to the Dao?” The meaning of the note on the river is dark.

Jiang Xichang said: Jinglong stele is written as "the one who takes Tao as the master of the people", and others have never mentioned it. It is suspected that what Yu saw was an accidental clerical error, which cannot be proved by it.

Qian's case: Zhuang's statement was wrong.The original rubbings and the inscriptions contained in the stele records of Jiyutang, collated with Yan Kejun, and the rubbings of the ancient Tao Te Ching school magazine are all written as "the one who takes the Tao as the master". The stone inscriptions are still there, and Yu's theory is beyond doubt.In the past, Luo Zhenyu wrote the Tao Te Ching and said: "In reading Tieqiao's manuscript, there is an answer to Mr. Xu Xingbo's book, which says, "I wrote Laozi's Tang version to test the difference, and according to Yizhou version, Fu Yi's version, Minghuang's annotation and interpretation", I know Mr. Tieqiao I used to use the inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty to test the difference, but I couldn’t find it after 30 years.” Today, Jiang’s statement is like this, and almost no one has seen Yan Kejun’s writings and Jinglong stele inscriptions, which also shows the difficulty of textual research.

【It's okay to pay off:】

Wei Jiasun said: The word "good return" has been removed from the imperial note, which is strictly out of school.

The case of modesty: "Return", the interpretation of "Yin Xuan".Fan Yingyuan said: "Return, the sentence is close; the classics and history are 'revolved' and 'returned'." In the case, "the thing is easy to return", it means that the soldiers are fierce and dangerous, and they are self-inflicted.

[Where the teacher is, thorns grow. 】

Yan Kejun said: Each edition has the word "Yan" under "Sheng", and each edition under this sentence has the character "after the army, there must be a fierce year", and the annotations are inserted into the main text, but this edition does not.There is no such thing as Wang's quotation from Xingzhou.

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither Jinglong nor Dunhuang have more than nine characters.

Lao Jian said: "After the army, there must be a bad year." Jinglong, Dunhuang and Daozanglongxing steles don't have these two sentences, but he has them all.Yan Zhu of the Han Dynasty passed on Huainan Wang An's letter saying: "After the minister heard about the army, there must be a bad year." He also said: "This is what I call 'where the teacher is, the thorns grow'." According to the meaning of the word, " "Military brigade" and "unlucky year" should belong to old sayings, not from Lao Tzu.Also, Wang Bi’s commentary says that “the thieves harmed the people and ruined the land, so it is called thorns and thorns”. , and then derived into the scriptures.According to Jinglong's various books, don't think it doubtful.

The case of modesty: Hanshu Yanzhu Biography quoted Lao Tzu's "Yan" as "Zhi", and the teacher said: "Lao Tzu's Taoist scriptures are also." Gai refers to the two sentences of "teacher's place", Laozi said it is also true.And "after the army, there must be a fierce year", Guangming's "fierce" is "famine", and the imperial annotation is "fierce".The interpretation of "The Year of Misfortune" said: "The sky should be evil, and the disaster will harm the grain and hurt people." The attached school is here.

【Thus, the fruit of the good is nothing more than the fruit, not the strong. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Therefore, those who are good are just fruitful." He Shang and Wang Bi don't have the word "Gu", and there is no "Gu" in the Dadian, and there is the word "Yi" under "Just".Today, Wang Bi's "those" are "yes". "Do not take advantage of strength", each book has the word "dare" under "no".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yuzhu, Dunhuang, and Jingfu are all written as "the result of the good one", while the Guangming edition is "the fruit of the good one". "Don't dare to take the strong", neither the Jinglong version nor the Dunhuang version has the word "dare". "Qiang" is "qiang" in Dunhuang, and "Yan" is at the end of this sentence in Jingfu.

Yu Yue said: According to the word "dare", it is an extension of the text.Heshang's note said: "Don't take the name of being strong by courage." The word "not in" in the note refers to this scripture.The word "Guo Gan" is the interpretation of the meaning of the word "Guo" in the above text, but there is also the word "Guo" in this text.Today's work "Don't dare to take the strong" is derived from the injection on the river.Wang's note said: "Don't use military strength to be stronger than the world." Also, the word "not to" is connected, which can prove the derivation of the word "dare" in the scriptures.Tang Jinglong stele is being written as "not to be strong", and it should be revised accordingly.

[Don't be arrogant when you get a fruit, don't be arrogant when you get a fruit, don't cut down when you get a fruit,]

Yan Kejun said: "Jiao" is written as "憍" in the imperial note.The sentence "Don't be proud of fruit" in each book is under "Don't cut down fruit".

The Case of Modesty: Suizhou, Dunhuang, and Jingfu's "Don't Be Pride of Fruits" also precedes "Don't Be Prideful in Fruits".Also "arrogant", the template and Lou Zheng's version are also called "憍".

Yang Shuda said: The word "憍" comes from the heart, and it is the original character of "jiao" in "proud", but the words are not heard. "Arrogance" is a false character of "憍".

[If you don't get the fruit, don't be strong if you don't get the fruit. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The result cannot be what it is", each book "takes" as "itself", and there is no "is".

Wei Jiasun said: "According to the imperial note, there is the word "Yes" under "Ha", which is the same as the stele.

Yu Yue said: "According to Fu Yi's original work, "If it is the fruit, don't force it", you should follow it.It is said in the above that "the fruit of the good is just the fruit, not to take the strong", and it also says "the fruit should not be arrogant, the fruit should not be cut down, the fruit should not be arrogant, the fruit has no choice", all talk about the fruit, not the strength.Therefore, in a word, "it is the fruit and not strong", which corresponds to the above "it is only the fruit, not to take the strong".Readers mistakenly thought that this sentence was the same as the sentences of "If you don't hold back", so the word "Yes" was deleted indiscriminately.Tang Jinglong stele also has the word "yes", which should be added.

Qianzhi Case: Guangya Interpretation 49: "Fruit, Faith." The Analects: "Action must be fruitful." Miao Xie said: "Success." Huainan Dao should teach "Order without fruit", note: "Sincerity. " Lao Tzu: "Goodness has fruit." Gai regards honesty as the first meaning of fruit, saying that only honesty can win people, and there is no need to use soldiers.The old explanation uses the word "dare" to explain "guo". I don't know that Lao Tzu uses "dare" as a teaching, "if you dare, you will kill, if you are brave, you will live."Therefore, don't be arrogant, don't be arrogant, and don't cut down. They all say that the effect of honesty is the same.The word "belief" is the most important in Laozi's book. Chapter 23: "I believe in those who believe; I also believe in those who don't believe in it. Dexin." Chapter 12 and [-]: "Believe it or not."Insufficient trust leads to the use of troops, which is "a last resort", but it is just a matter of success.Wang Bi's note: "Fruit is still beneficial." This is the second meaning of fruit.In the [-]th year of Zuo Chuanxuan, King Zhuang of Chu said: "It is the palace of the first emperor, and it is just a matter of success, and Wu is not my skill."To use troops only when there is no other way is to regard victory as invincible, and not use soldiers to strengthen the world.Jiang Xichang misunderstood Laozi, saying that "the fruit can kill the enemy", he is a murderer, not Laozi.

[Things are old because they are old, and they are called non-Tao, and the non-Tao has already existed. 】

Yan Kejun said: Yuzhu, Heshang, and Wang Bi wrote "it is said to be undao, and it has long been undao"; Fu Yi and Wang's quotations from Xingzhou all wrote "wrong way".

Wei Jiasun said: "Mu" in the imperial note is "strong", which is the same as a sentence in the German Classic.In the German scriptures, the stele is also called "Mu", but the word "Mu" is wrong.Strictly missed school.

The case of modesty: These three sentences can also be found in Chapter 55. The stele writes "not the way" here and "not the way" there.Heshang's original work is "not the way", and Suizhou's full sentence: "When things are strong, they grow old. It is said that it is not the way." In the case, "not the way" means "not the way". "Ha" is written as "death", Gu Huan's version "doesn't know how to die early", and notes: "death, death is also." Wang Bing's annotations and quotations in Volume [-] of the Neijing volume also read "do not know how to die early", and it is suspected that the ancient version is "death".Yao Nai also said: "'Things grow old when they are strong' are derived from the twelve characters, so that in the next chapter 'Hande', under 'Heart makes Qi say strong', the reader mistakenly enters this sentence of 'Don't be strong'."

[Phonetic rhyme] The rhyme of Jiang's family in this chapter is read: Zhe, Xiayun (Yubu, Zheyinzhu), Huan, Yan, Nianyun (Yuan, Zhenhe rhyme, Huanyinxuan, Nianxienu Lianfan).The case of modesty: Huan, Yan, Yuanbu, Nian, Zhenbu, this rhyme of Yuan and Zhen.Xi Tong: Jin and Qiang are the rhymes, saying: "For example, Yi Linkun's rhyme of walking on the beam and banning is compared with the rhyme of Fu Jin and Xiang Xiang in Zhongfu." It is also rhyme of old, Tao, and already, which is based on Hantong.High rhymes with main, lower, place, and back, and inter-rhyme with return, Yan, and year.The case of modesty: the main, lower, lower, and last are not rhymes, and the high is wrong.

The Youjinglong stele version has 67 characters, the Dunhuang version has the same characters, the Heshang and Wang versions have 75 characters, the Fu version has 79 characters, and the model version has 78 characters.Heshang's original title is "Jianwu No.30", Wang's original title is "Thirty Chapters", and the model title is "Yi Dao Zuoren Master Chapter No. 30".

(End of this chapter)