Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 3

【Everyone in the world knows that the beautiful is beautiful, so it is evil; everyone knows that the good is good, so it is not good. 】

The case of modesty: Huainan Dao Yingxun quotes the following sentence as "everyone in the world knows that goodness is good, but this is not good."Peng Si said: "Dazhen and Qingyuan have the word 'world' in 'Everyone knows what is good'." Fan Yingyuan's version is the same. Know", and make "to know".The Guangming version and Zhao Mengfu's version quote "Ji" as "Yi", Li Daochun's version uses "Ji" as "Yi", and Su Zhe's and Dong Sijing's versions combine the two "Ji" as "Yi". "Ha" and "Yi" can be used in ancient times.Shuowen [-]: "Yeah, the words are already words, from the arrow, the sound of the mouth." The word is also called "Ha".

[Therefore, existence and non-existence are interdependent, difficult and easy are interdependent, long and short are intertwined, high and low are intertwined,]

The case of Qian: the Dunhuang version, the Suizhou stele version, and the Gu Huan version do not have the word "Gu".On the six "phases", Guangming, Jingfu, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Muromachi, Pengsi, Fu, Fan, Gao Sui, Zhao Mengfu's editions, and Zhu Muzhuan's annotations in the later Han Dynasty all have "zhi" Words, Wang Bi, He Shang do not have.Li Daochun said: "There are six sentences of 'there is no mutual generation', and it is not true to add one more word 'zhi'."

Yan Kejun said: "Phase shape", Wang Bi made "comparison", see the explanation.

The case of modesty: it is also true to make "similarity".Bi Yuan said: "'Xing', Wang Bi used 'comparison', and Lu Deming also used 'comparison', it is not. There is no word for 'comparison' in ancient times. This article uses 'form' and 'incline' as rhymes, and 'comparison' is not used to make it clear. Yea." Liu Shipei said: "The text of the text says: 'Length and short don't match each other.' Huainanzi Qi's common training said: 'Short and short repair the shape.' I suspect that Lao Tzu's text also uses 'shape', which rhymes with birth, formation, and inclination, 'compared to ' is a side note of later generations, with the form of 'comparison' and 'interpretation', and the correctors then used the form of 'comparison'. "Ye", there are two "also" characters. "Long" was changed to "xiu" to avoid the taboo of the father.

Ma Xulun said: "Comparison", each volume is combined into "shape".The ancient text of "Jing" is "口", and the ancient Chinese "shape" may also be "口". The side of "Yao" is the same as the side of "Yao" of the word "口".Or Lao Tzu wrote "口" originally, but the biography was written as "Yao".

[The voices are harmonious and follow each other. 】

Qian's case: "Qian", the Dunhuang version is "Xian", and the Suizhou stele version, Gu Huan version, and Qiang Siqi version are also "Xian".Jiang Xichang said: "According to Gu Ben's Cheng Shu'he first and later', it is 'before' and 'first'. Qiang Ben Yan Junping's note: 'See first, see later, and then understand first.' It is strict and also writes 'first'. Lao Tzu The words "first" and "later" in this book should not be unique here. For example, Chapter 66 "is the sage who goes first", Chapter 67 "If you want to be the ancestors, you must be behind", and Chapter [-] "sacrifice The last and the first' are all evidences."

It is the sage who does nothing and teaches without saying anything.

The case of Qian: The Suizhou stele has the word "zhi" under "ren", which is the same as the Dunhuang version.Cheng Xuanyingshu: "It is said that 'government by saints'." There is no word "government" in volume 34 of Qun Shu Zhi Yao.

[Everything is done without giving up,]

Bi Yuan said: Heshang Gong and Wang Bi both said that "everything can be done without giving up".Neither Lu Xisheng nor Taiping Yulan cited the word "Yan".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Jingfu all have no word "Yan".

The case of Qian: The Suizhou stele and Fu Yi's edition also do not have the word "Yan".Also "not saying goodbye", Suizhou, Dunhuang, Fu, and model books are "not the beginning".Fan Yingyuan said: "Wang Bi and Yang Fu are the same as the ancient version." It is what Fan saw that Wang's version also wrote "not the beginning".

Yi Shunding said: Examining the seventeen chapters of Wang Zhuyun's words "The adults are above, do nothing, teach without words, everything is done without beginning." It is the proof of "beginning", but it has one more word "Yan" than Fu Ben.

Qian's case: It is true to say "not the beginning", and it should be revised accordingly.

Bi Yuan said: "In ancient times, the words have the same sound, which is the reason for the difference, and the righteousness is the best." Lao Jian said: "Shuowen'口'籀wen was written from Taiwan', Xia Song's ancient prose has four tones and rhymes to quote stone scriptures' words 'As'口', the ancient filial piety classic 'beginning' as '口', and the ancient characters of Gai are similar in shape." According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Guigong article, it says: "The heaven and the earth are big. , all things are benefited by it, but no one knows where it came from.” He also reviewed the chapter and said: “It is all about everything but not slaughtered, and the lust is all over the world, but no one knows where it started.” Gai Jie came out of this chapter of Lao Tzu, writing "Beginning" Yichang.

【To be born but not to have, to do without relying on,】

Luo Zhenyu said: "Born without existence", there is no such sentence in Dunhuang.

Qian's case: There is no inscription in Suizhou either.Volume 34 of Qunshu Zhiyao cited the same stone.

Not successful.Husband does not live, so he does not go.

Yan Kejun said: Yuzhu and Wang Bi wrote "you can't live if you succeed in your achievements", and "you can't live in you if you succeed in your achievements" by Heshang.

Luo Zhenyu said: "Jingfu's work is "successful", and Dunhuang's work is "successful".Also, "Fu Wei Fu Ju", both Jinglong and Yu Zhu's "Fu" are written as "No", and Dunhuang is written as "Bu Chu".

Ma Xulun said: Wang Bi's commentary said: "Use because of things, and the merits will come from the other, so you don't live here." So Wang said "not to live".Today's king "bu" is "Fu", or later generations will change it according to the river.

Jiang Xichang said: According to the Huainan Dao Yingxun and Zhu Junzhuan's annotations in the Later Han Dynasty, "Fu" is quoted as "Bu", and Yi Xiciyi quoted "And Fuju" as "Buju".Qiang Ben's strict note: "Hu Wei dare not live in peace." It is the strict "Fu" as "no".The strong version quotes the scriptures "Success is not in place", which is Cheng's work "Success is not in place".All the "Fu" quoted in ancient books are "no". Chapter 24 "Therefore those who have the way do not live", Chapter 38 "Don't live in the weak, don't live in the flower", Chapter 77 "Successful but not good", "Do not live" or "Do not live", "Live"" "place" covers are interchangeable.But "Fu" means "no", and the old school old proves that Lao Tzu was originally like this.

The Case of Qian: Wang Zhuan's old engravings attached to Sun Mine's ancient and modern texts test Zhengyun "'Buju', the book is 'Not Ju'." And Ji Yun's collation according to the Yongle Dadian version "Successful and non-living", there is no "but not living" "The word, "Fu" and "no" are the same, and it is also "no".Also on the chapter on Heng Nature, it says: "Therefore, doing nothing is great. I don't seek merit, so it makes merit; I don't seek fame, so it becomes famous." "and also.There are things that cover the world, there is no one who does not treat them, and there are contradictions, so there is progress.Therefore, there are those who are beautiful, and those who are more beautiful compete with them, and beauty is not beautiful.If there is a good person, there will be a better person to compete with it, and the good is the good and the bad is already.Therefore, existence and non-existence are treated together; all things in the world are born of being, and being is born of non-being, and this is the mutual generation of being and non-existence.Difficult and easy, one treats it; what is difficult is easy to manifest, and what is easy is difficult to manifest. If there is no difficulty, there is no way to know the easy, and if there is no easy, there is no way to know the difficulty.Length is treated as one; inch is short by a ruler, and ruler is long by an inch. If there is no length, there is no way to know the shortness, and if there is no shortness, there is no way to see the length.High and low are treated in the same way; mountains are destroyed by valleys, and valleys are destroyed by mountains. Without mountains, there is no way to see the valleys, and without valleys, there is no way to know the mountains.Sounds can be treated together; happiness, sorrow, and resentment have different origins. If there is no sorrow, there is no way to know joy, and if there is no joy, there is no way to know sorrow. The harmony of these sounds is also.One treats one after the other; one sees the other first, and the latter is the first to understand. If there is no future, there is no way to know the first, and if there is no first, there is no way to know the future. This sequence follows each other (using strict justice).From this point of view, things in the world are everywhere without contradictions, that is, everywhere they act independently in their treatment.Husbands are those who follow nature unintentionally, do not seek merit, do not seek fame, and rule according to nature. "Doing things without doing things, teaching without words", is profoundly aware of the principle that all things are opposite and complement each other, and the information is full and empty, and it keeps pace with the times.All things work together, but I don't start; what I do, I don't get tired of it;It is beautiful if it is not available, so it is evil if it is not available; it is first if it is not available, so it is later if it is not available.Standing before the treatment is called non-living; beyond the six realms of existence and non-existence, it is non-existence.To have but not to have, things cannot be first; to live without living, and therefore not to go.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Sheng, Cheng, Xing, Qingyun (Gengbu), He, Suiyun (Gebu, Sui, Xu Hefan), Shi, Jiao, Ci, You, and Shiyun (Zhi, Sui, Xu Hefan). Xiaohe rhyme, Jiaoxie Yinji, Ci, Qu Sheng, You Yin Yi), Ju, Ju, Qu Rhyme (Yubu, Qu, Ping Sheng).Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen are the same, but they are not in time to teach.And Chen Zhu uses "ha" and "ha" as rhymes.Qian's case: "Ci", Dun, Suiben, Fu, and Fanben as "beginning" and "ju", and Dunben as "place".Gao Benhan used beginning to rhyme with things, teaching, having, relying on, and place, place and going.It also teaches, Xiaobu, Shi, Ci, You, Reliance, Zhibu, Zhi and Xiao rhyme.Gu Yanwu said: "Sui", the ancient phonetic sentence Hefan, quoted Lao Tzu's "sounds and sounds harmonize, and the front and back follow each other", and harmony and sui are rhymes.Circumstantial evidence: Guanzi Baixin: "People don't advocate disharmony." And "Don't start and don't follow."Han Fei Jie Lao said: "When the big treachery sings, the little thief will follow, and if the big treachery sings, the little thief will be in harmony." And "therefore the Yu first, the bell and the harp will follow, and the Yu singing, all the music will be in harmony" (Tang Yunzheng Five Branches).Jiang Yougao said: speech, like hereby cut, according to ancient times, there is the sound of "go", Lao Tzu's article on self-cultivation, "everything is done without saying goodbye", rhymes with "things" and "teaching".He also said: "ju", nine fish cut, according to the ancient sound of "go", it should be collected together with the imperial department.Lao Tzu's health care article "Successful but not living", is in harmony with "Go" (Tang Yun's four tones are seven, nine fish).

There are 78 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 85 characters in the Dunhuang version, 88 characters in the Heshang and Wang Bi versions, 93 characters in the Fu Yi version, and 97 characters in the Fan Yingyuan version.Heshang's title is "the second of health care" (the first work is "beauty and goodness chapter").Wang Bi's title is "Chapter Two", and the model title is "Chapter [-], All the World Knows".

(End of this chapter)