Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 23

Songs are perfect, wrongs are right;]

Yan Kejun said: "If you are wrong, you will be right." Fu Yi is the same, and all his works "will be straight".

Qian's case: the Suizhou version, the Guan version, and the Fan Yingyuan version are all "positive".Fan said: "The word 'Zheng' is used in Wang Bitong's ancient edition, and the first is 'Zhi'." Takeuchi Yoshio said: "Jing and Sui's two editions use 'Zhi' as 'Zheng', which is in line with what Huainan Zidao should teach." This case Dao Yingxun quoted the above two sentences as "straight", but Wu Nei made a mistake.In another case, "the song is complete" is Zhuangzi's "The Way of Lao Dan, everyone seeks happiness, and he alone has the complete song" mentioned in Zhuangzi's Tianxia chapter.Shu Hongfan "Wood says Qu Zhi", this also uses wood as a metaphor.Those who perform the song, Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou called "curly but not in order", and the so-called "boxing and music can not be a pillar" in the world.It is said that "the straight wood is cut first, and the sweet well is exhausted first", "I walk but bend, without hurting my feet", this is the meaning of "the bend makes the whole". "Wang is right", "Wang", said the text "evil song also, from the wood, the sound of the mouth", Guangya explained the meaning of "口, 诎 also", that is, the meaning of heckle, which is actually Qu. "Right" means "straightness" in various books, "wrongness" and "straightness" are opposite to each other.The Analects of Confucius: "Put the straight and make mistakes." Huainan's scriptures: "Correct the wrong and think straight."Guiguzi Mopian: "Uprightness is straightness." Guangya's commentary one: "Straightforwardness, uprightness." Yi Wenyan: "Straightforwardness is uprightness." Straightness and integrity can be mutually taught.

【Waterfalls lead to surplus, disadvantages lead to innovation;】

Yan Kejun said: "Corruption brings newness", the interpretation is "concealment", and Fu Yi and today Wang Bi are "concealment".

Qianzhi’s case: The Daozang Wang’s version is “fraud”, the imperial annotation edition, the library edition, the Suizhou edition, the Heshang edition, and the various stone editions are all “extraversions”, and the Yulan 150 nine quotations are also “extraminations”.There is also the word "wa", which is originally written as "窊" on the Daozang River. The characters "wa" and "窊" are the same, and they all mean a depression. "窊" is an ancient Chinese word for "wa".Said the text: "窊, the evil comes down." Guangya explained: "窊, the next."Explanation by Peng Si: "Water, Li Wu melon is cut, and the mouth is also. Diwa is full of water, Yu Qiande is always full."

[Less is gain, more is or.It is the world style based on the sage holding one. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Or", each book is "confusion".

Qian's case: Suizhou version and Guan version are the same stone.Shenzi also quotes seven sentences "Laozi said" in the outer chapter, but there is no word "it is", which is the same as Fu Yi. "Get" means "get one" as mentioned in Chapter 39. "Or" should be read as confusing, meaning either this or that, which is opposite to gain.

If you don't see yourself, you will be clear; if you are not self-righteous, you will be clear;

Qian’s case: The word “Zhang” in the stele is incomplete and unclear, and the word “Bu” is missing, which should be supplemented according to other sources.Also, the Suizhou version and the Guan version "do not see yourself, so you are clear", under the sentence "not self-righteous, so you show"; next sentence.

Another case of Zhuangzi Shanmu: "I have heard that a man of great success said: 'Those who cut down themselves have no merit, those who achieve success fall, and those who achieve fame lose.' Who can get rid of merit and fame, and give it back to everyone?" This is Laozi Jiu The chapter "success, retreat, the way of heaven" is the same as this chapter's saying "do not attack yourself, so you have merit".

[Husbands do not fight, so nothing in the world can compete with them. 】

Yan Kejun said: There is no word "neng" on the river.

The Case of Modesty: Huainan Yuandao taught "Because it is invincible in all things, so no one dares to compete with it", that is to say in this chapter.Wang Nian and Sun Yun: "'Mo Gan' was originally written as 'Mo Neng', and later people changed it according to the original text of Wen Zidao. Only do not compete with all things, so you cannot compete with them. The so-called softness wins the strong. Ruoyun' Mo "Dare" is not its purpose. The following text says: "Great work is strong, and no one can compete with it." Laozi said: "The husband only does not compete, so the world cannot compete with him." Therefore, there is no one in the world who can compete with it.’ It’s all evidence.” Wei Zhengqun’s book Zhizhi wanted to quote this sentence, and it was written as “No one can compete with him”.

[The ancient so-called "the music is complete", is it false?So complete and return. 】

Yan Kejun said: "It's not empty words", and each book is "It's not empty words". "Gu Chengquan", each book is "Chengquan", without the word "Gu".Wei Jiasun said: "Quan" in the imperial note has the word "Zhe" under it, and the next sentence reads "Would it be a lie?"The word "Zai" is strictly enforced, and the characters "Zhe" and "Yan" are missed.Qian's case: Suizhou is originally the same as this stone. "Cheng" is regarded as "sincerity".The second volume of four-tone rhyme in Xia Song's ancient prose quotes Gu Zi from the word "Cheng" as the mouth, and the word "Cheng" as the mouth.There are seventeen occurrences of the word "Cheng" in the scriptures, and only one occurrence of the word "Cheng".In addition, "the song is complete" is an old saying, and Sun Tzu's "Nine Lands" "The one who is good at Taoism can be complete with music" is the proof.Zhuangzi's article on Laozi said that "everyone seeks blessings, but he alone has the whole song, saying 'you can be free from blame'", which is where this chapter comes out.

[Rhyme] This chapter reads Jiang's rhyme: Ying, Xin rhyme (Zhen, Geng Tong rhyme, these two sentences are originally under "Wang Ze Zhi", and the rhyme is moved here according to today).Zhi, De, Huo, Shi Yun (Zhibu, Huo, Huo Fai), Ming, Zhang, Gong, Chang Yun (Yang, Dong Tong Yun, Gong Xie Yinguang), Zheng, Zheng Yun (Gengbu).The case of modesty: Ying, Gengbu, Xin, Zhenbu, which rhyme with Zhen and Geng.Ming, Zhang, Chang, Yangbu, Gong, Dongfang, this Yang and Dongtong rhyme. The character "Zhi" is "Zheng" in Jing, Suiben, and Guanben, Zheng, Gengbu.Xi Tong used Quan, Zheng, Ying, and Xin as rhymes, saying: "The rhymes of Quan, Xin, Zheng, and Ying are sound changes, such as Jiubianqing, Ren, Xin, Nian, Sheng, Lian, Sheng, Ming, Zheng, Cheng. An example of similar rhyme." Gao Benhan is the same as Xi, but uses Zheng and Ying as the rhyme in the sentence.Also, get, confused is a rhyme, one, style is a rhyme, Ming, Zhang, Gong, Chang, fight, fight for a rhyme.There are different opinions, but Jiang's transfer of scriptures to rhyme seems to be unsettled.In this chapter, there are two rhymes separated by each other. Quan, Ying, and Xin are one rhyme, and Zhi, De, Huo, and Shi are one rhyme.And Chen Zhu used zai and zai as rhymes.The case is of the same department.Yao Nai said that "the ancient so-called music is complete, it is not empty words, sincerity and completeness return it", and the next chapter "Happy to talk about nature" is a section.It is said: "Speaking, complete, and natural are rhymes. 'It's as precious as the words, and the success is successful, and the people all say that I am natural', which is the solution of this sentence."

There are 77 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 74 characters in the library version, and 78 characters in the Heshang, Wang, Fu, and model versions.Heshang titled "Yiqian No.20 II", Wang Ben titled "Chapter 22", and model title "Qu Zequan Chapter No.20 II".

(End of this chapter)