Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 14

[You are astonished by favor and humiliation, and you are in great trouble.What is favor and disgrace?Humiliate. 】

Yan Kejun said: "What do you mean by favor and humiliation? Humiliation is the next", Wang Bi and Fu Yi wrote "What is favor and humiliation? The favor is the next".

Luo Zhenyu said: None of the editions of Heshang, Jinglong, Yuzhu, Jingfu, and Dunhuang B contain the word "ruojing".Jing Long's book "Humiliation is the bottom", Jing Fu's book is "Being favored is the top, and humiliation is the bottom".

Li Daochun said: "Being favored is the top, and humiliation is the bottom", or it is said that "favoring is the bottom", which is not in line with the scriptures.

Yu Yue said: He Shanggong's book is "What is favor and disgrace? Disgrace is the next".The note says: "Humiliation is degrading." It is suspected that there are mistakes in both copies.Dang said: "What does it mean to be surprised by favor and humiliation? Favor is the top, and humiliation is the bottom." When He Shanggong made an annotation, the last sentence was not captured, and there must be an annotation. In the last sentence, it is lost in the notes.Both Chen Jingyuan and Li Daochun wrote "What is flattery and humiliation? Favor is the top, and humiliation is the bottom".The errors of various books can be based on this.

Lao Jian said: "Being favored is the top, and disgrace is the bottom." This is what Jing Fu originally said.Fu, Fan, and the Kaiyuan editions of all the kings all included the sentence "favored as my servant"; Jing Long and Heshang wrote the sentence "disgraced as my subordinate".Based on Jingfu's evidence, we know that both have Quewen.Daozang, Chen Jingyuan, Li Daochun, and Kou Caizhi are all the same as Jingfu, and they are also written in two sentences.Chen Yun: "The original work on Heshang's 'favor is the top, disgrace is the bottom' is complete in the meaning of the scriptures, and the reasoning is not convoluted. Knowing the origin of the ancient river, there is no lack of the above sentence." According to "favor and disgrace", it means the view of favor and disgrace;" "For the top" and "for the bottom" are like Chapter 61 "it is the bottom when it is quiet", "the big one should be the bottom", all words are the view of the bottom.Gai said that he favors those who are superior and disgraces those who are inferior, and if he gains something he loses it, all of which move his heart, and he is shocked by the average.If you understand it from Que Wen's sentence "favored is the next", it is as if the favored are the next, so it is not the purpose to be shocked like lost.It is even more unreasonable to use the phrase "disgrace to the next".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: According to the old paper, Heshang wrote: "What is favor and disgrace? Favor is the top, and disgrace is the bottom." Zhu Wangbi's works: "What is favor and humiliation like shock? Favor is the bottom." Although, Lu's only commented " There is no word "ruojing" on the river."In the current Wang version, the word "favor" and "wei" should be removed from the word "favor", and the word "ruojing" should be removed in the Heshang version.Gai Wangbi's and Heshang's two editions are the same, but the Heshang edition of Hou took off the word "ruojing", and Wang's edition took off the word "for humiliation". Later, the two editions were cross-checked with each other, resulting in various differences.

【If you get it, you are surprised, if you lose it, you are surprised. 】

Xi Tong said: Wu Cheng didn't have the words "it means being flattered and humiliated".

The case of modesty: Lin Xiyi also does not have these six characters.And "surprise" is borrowed as "police".Yi "shocked Baili", Zheng's note: "Words of shock are also warning."

[What does it mean to be as expensive as yourself?The reason why I have a serious problem is because I am pregnant.And I have no body, what trouble do I have! 】

Yan Kejun said: "There is a big trouble", each sentence has the word "zhe" at the end; the two "I" characters, each of which is "wu".

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither the Jinglong nor the Dunhuang C editions have the word "Zhe".The second word "wu" is "I" in Jinglong and Dunhuang B and C editions.

Qian's case: "Ji" character, Fu, model as "gou".Fan said: "The word 'gou' should be in the same ancient version as Jifu and Sima Gong." Covering "ji" and "ruo" are synonymous.Wang Niansun said: "'And' is like 'if'.... Lao Tzu said: 'The reason why I have a serious patient is that I have a body; and I have no body, so what trouble do I have!' It is as if I have no body. It is also said : "Taking the world is often based on nothing, and it is not enough to take the world if it has something to do." Saying that there is something to do." It can be trained as 'ji'." (Translated and interpreted words) The ancient version of Jinzheng knows that "ji" is the same as "ruo", and it can also be used interchangeably with "gou".Under the word "suffering", Muromachi originally had the word "almost".

【Therefore, if you value your body in the world, if you can entrust it to the world; if you love your body as the world, if you can entrust it to the world. 】

Yan Kejun said: "So you value your body in the world", and in the imperial annotation, it is "so you value your body as the world", which is the same as Wang Bi, and Heshang wrote "so you value your body as the world". "If you can entrust the world", Yuzhu and Wang Bi wrote "If you can send it to the world", Heshang wrote "You can send it to the world", and Yongle Dadian wrote "You can send it to the world". "If you can send it to the world", Heshang's "You can entrust it to the world", Wang Bi's "If you can entrust it to the world", and Dadian's "You can entrust it to the world".Liu Wendian said: Zhuangzi Zaiyou: "Therefore, if you value yourself as the world, you can entrust the world; if you love yourself as the world, you can send it to the world." The word "Yu" should be under the word "Tuo" and "Send".Daoist "Disgusting Shame No. 13", the main work: "Those who value their body as the world can entrust it to the world; those who love their body as the world can entrust the world." "If you value your body as the world, how can you entrust it to the world; if you love your body as the world, how can you send it to the world." There is no word "yu" under the word "body".

Qian's case: Liu said it was not true.The scriptures in this passage are different, but Zhuangzi Zaiyou said: "Therefore, a gentleman has no choice but to go to the evil world, and there is nothing like doing nothing; doing nothing is the feeling of peace of his life. Therefore, if you value yourself as the world, you can trust the world; love If you take your body as the world, you can send it to the world." There is a word "yu" under the word "body".Also, "Tuo Tianxia" is consistent with Jinglong, Suizhou, and Dunhuang before "Sending the World"; only the upper sentence is derived from the word "for", and the next sentence is derived from the word "yu".

Wang Niansun said: Zhuangzi's original work is "so you value yourself in the world, and love yourself in the world". "Yu" is like "Wei". Later generations wrote down the word "Wei" according to Lao Tzu, but the writer entered the text because of corruption.Lao Tzu's interpretation: "For, against the false." This interpretation does not contain the word "for", so it is clear.

Wang Yinzhi said: "Yu" is like "Wei" (this word "Wei" is pronounced with a deaf tone).Lao Tzu said: "So if you regard your body as the world, if you can send it to the world; if you love your body as the world, if you can entrust it to the world." To the world, you can send it to the world." "To the world" means "for the world".

Qian's case: The two kings said yes. Mutual training of "in" and "for".Zhuangzi wrote "in the world" in the upper part, and "for the world" in the lower part, which is exactly the same as the stele.Fu, the model book: "Those who value themselves as the world can entrust the world; those who love the world can send it to the world." Fan noted the word "ancient version", and Chen Bixu quoted Wang Biben and Fu , Fan Tong, should also be the ancient version of the king.Wang Biyun is quoted in the Four School Notes inscribed by Zhang Taishou in the Taoist Collection of the Song Dynasty: "There is nothing to change one's body, so it is called expensive, so it can be entrusted to the world. There is nothing that can damage one's body, so it is called love, so it can be sent to the world." .” Also “entrust the world” before “send the world”.Suizhou's original work: "Those who value themselves in the world can trust the world; those who love themselves in the world can send them to the world." Two works in Dunhuang: "So valued in the world, if you can trust the world; love in the world If you belong to the world, if you can send it to the world." Each version is roughly the same as Zhuangzi's text, but the Dunhuang version is the best, and it should be corrected according to.

And these two words "If" are synonymous with the word "Ze".Wang Yinzhi said: "If 'if' is still' then' also. Lao Tzu said: 'So you value your body as the world, if you can send it to the world; love your body as the world, if you can entrust it to the world.' Zhuangzi Zai You Pian 'If' And write it as 'Ze'." This is the proof of this.Also "love with body", Guangming and Jingfu wrote "Love with Body": Wu Yun's [-] Lanting Zhai Jinshi Ji mistakenly corrected Guangming's "Love with Body and the World", which is the same as Jinglong.Also "for the world", Luo Zhenyu's Tao Te Ching examination made a mistake in correcting Jinglong's "those" as "Yi", and Jiang Xichang actually followed his mistake.Take this example, which shows the difficulty of school books.

Another case of Zhuangzi Rang Wang said: "The world is the most important thing, not to harm his life, let alone other things? Only if there is no one who takes the world as his own, he can entrust the world." And Lu's Spring and Autumn Guigong article said: "There are heavy things in the world, and if they don't harm their lives, what's more about other things? But those who don't use the world to harm their lives can entrust the world." Wen Yi all came out of this chapter.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Gao Benhan uses body and suffering as rhymes, but it is not actually a rhyme.Chen Zhu: There are five rhymes with the word "surprise", three rhymes with the word "shen", and four rhymes with the word "down".Yang Shuda said: "There is no need to force it to rhyme with the two verses of tattooing and surprise."

The Youjinglong stele version has 78 characters, the Dunhuang version has the same characters, the Wang version has 81 characters, the Heshang version has 84 characters, the model version has 85 characters, and the Fu version has 88 characters.Heshang’s title is “Shame No.13”, Wang’s title is “Thirteen Chapters”, and the model title is “Chapter of Favor and Disgrace No.13”.

(End of this chapter)