This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 3 Why Do You Study——The Learning Outlook of Top Students (3)
In the past, doctors often recommended that children and convalescent patients eat more spinach. It is said that it contains a lot of iron, which has the function of nourishing and enriching blood.However, a few years ago, when the former Federal German chemist Raul He was studying the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers on vegetables, he accidentally discovered that the actual iron content of spinach is not as high as the book said, only ten times the advertised data. One in one!Raulge felt very surprised. He wondered if the spinach he was experimenting with was special, so he further analyzed and tested many kinds of spinach leaves, but he never found any spinach with particularly high iron content than other vegetables. Condition.So he explored where the "myth" about spinach being high in iron came from.Finally, it was found that more than 90 years ago, when the printing factory was typesetting, the decimal point of the iron content in spinach was shifted to the right by one place, thus expanding the data by 10 times.

These are two true stories.

In reality, many people lack sufficient understanding of the accuracy of learning, and some people plausibly say: "I only made a mistake in one symbol, how can I count it all wrong? I should be given half of the points no matter what." Some people said: " The decimal point is wrong, why so many points are deducted?" Some people said: "I scored 99 points in this application problem competition, but I forgot to write the remainder when I wrote the division calculation. I was deducted 1 point. No big deal, I'll forget it anyway."

In our country, all kinds of serious casualty accidents occur frequently, many of which are caused by poor sense of responsibility and carelessness.Carelessness is not a small problem. Don’t think that misreading a word, marking a wrong decimal point, missing a question, etc. are small problems in your study. Carelessness, forgetting, and making mistakes in learning will bring you a lot of trouble in your study. Losses, especially in some major exams in the future, such as the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination, some students will lose the points they should have got because of their carelessness, and some even cause their names to lose their names and lose their opportunities.

There are many reasons for carelessness. Some are personality problems, and impatient people love carelessness; sometimes it is attitude problems, and they are easy to be careless if they are not serious about learning; ...

The most fundamental solution to carelessness is to develop the habit of being meticulous and meticulous.

Top students regard meticulousness as a study habit to demand themselves. They start with the little things in daily life, such as washing dishes and writing neatly.If you don't do well, you can start all over again. It's never okay.Do things meticulously and do not allow yourself any excuses.

details make a difference.Top students are even more meticulous in details.Details are always easy to be overlooked, and details are the easiest to make mistakes.If a person does not have a deep understanding of the details of knowledge, remembers them inaccurately, and often makes mistakes, it will reduce the quality and efficiency of learning. Top students know this well. They will pay more attention to details when they taste the sweetness of paying attention to details. Naturally, you will taste the sweeter and bigger fruits of victory.

Top students have the courage to try.

Bewkes is the originator of animal psychology, the founder of connectionist psychology, the founder of educational psychology, and one of the leaders of the American educational testing movement.He was born in a pastor's family in Massachusetts, USA. He was shy and lonely by nature. He could only find fun in learning, and he also had a special talent for learning.He devoted his life to the study of psychology and wrote many books.Bix's influence on the behaviorist school mainly comes from his research results on chickens and kittens.

In 1895, he went to Harvard University to do the chicken maze experiment (that is, to walk the maze), and then transferred to Columbia University to study, and continued to use cats and dogs to do experiments.In his experiments, he found that at first, chickens, cats and dogs turned around in a dead end, and occasionally found the exit and escaped from the maze, which usually took a long time.But after repeating it many times, the number of times that chickens, cats and puppies will turn around in the dead end will be reduced, and the time spent will be reduced a lot; after a certain number of training, put them into the maze, and they will even go straight to the exit immediately And go, and soon managed to escape.

Bewkes believes that chickens, cats and dogs do not learn to escape the maze through reasoning and observation. There is only one reason why they can escape smoothly, that is, to keep trying, and to slowly escape from the maze through constant trying and failure. Eliminate those that are useless, and remember those that contribute to escape, which, in Birx's words, have established a connection between these useful behaviors and the behavior's goal.

According to Bewkes, the essence of learning is that the organism forms the connection between "stimulus" (S) and "response" (R).He clearly pointed out that "learning is connection, and the heart is a person's connection system."At the same time, he also believes that the process of learning is a gradual process of trial and error.In this process, wrong responses are gradually reduced, and correct responses are finally formed.According to his theory, people call his discussion about learning "trial and error theory".

Trying is the essence of learning.True learning is attempted learning with personal meaning.The focus of learning to learn should be to try to learn. Only by learning to try can you learn to learn. If you learn without trying, you will never learn to learn.

Attempts have promoted the development of human beings and the progress of society.From the perspective of human development history, apes try to stand up in order to survive, which is a key step in their evolution. Through continuous attempts, ancient people gradually learned to drill wood to make fire, hunt and fish, and make tools, so that human beings themselves developed.Due to the continuous attempts of human beings, there are thousands of inventions and inventions, which have created a rich and colorful modern civilization.

"Nothing is impossible", life lies in continuous experimentation, and so does learning.If one method can't solve the puzzle, try another one, and you will never succeed if you don't do it.

Some people are always afraid of making mistakes, afraid of being teased, and even more afraid of failure, so they shrink back, tie themselves within a safe range, and hesitate to move forward.

The reason why the top students are excellent is that they have a valuable curiosity. They have the courage to explore, try, use their brains actively, and always walk ahead.

Success in anything in the world starts with trying and believing.Everyone has a huge potential to tap, often seemingly impossible things, as long as you try bravely and really put in the effort, it is possible to succeed.Don't end a certain study with the excuse or idea of ​​"no way" or "impossible", let "nothing is impossible" settle in your thinking, this sentence will be very beneficial to you, useful With it, your study will have the possibility of a breakthrough, so that you may become the first person to eat crabs in your study.

Top students are not self-satisfied.

A martial arts master kneels in front of a martial arts master, accepting the ceremony of receiving a hard-won black belt.After years of rigorous training, this apprentice finally made a name for himself in the martial arts world. "Before awarding you a black belt, you must accept a test." The martial arts master said. "I'm ready." The apprentice replied, thinking that it might be the last round of boxing practice. "You must answer the most basic question: What is the true meaning of a black belt?" "It is the end of my martial arts practice." The apprentice replied, "It is the reward I deserve for my hard work." The martial arts master waited for him to say more What, obviously he was not satisfied with the apprentice's answer.Finally he spoke: "You haven't reached the time to get the black belt, come back in a year."

A year later, the apprentice knelt before the master again. What is the true meaning of the black belt? "It is the symbol of the most outstanding and highest honor in our school of martial arts," said the apprentice.The apprentice waited and waited, and after several minutes, the master still didn't speak, obviously he was very dissatisfied.Finally said "You still haven't reached the time to get the black belt, come back in a year."

Another year later, the apprentice knelt in front of the master again, and the master asked again: "What is the real meaning of the black belt?" ""Okay, you can accept the black belt and start struggling."

Many people think they have mastered a skill after they have learned it.As everyone knows, I have just stepped into the threshold, which is just the beginning rather than the end.Learning is a lifelong career, and daily learning is always just the beginning compared to the vast and increasingly updated knowledge.

Moissan, a famous French chemist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, once said: "In our study, we should not stop at the achievements we have already made. After reaching one goal, we should continue to move forward to another goal without stopping. A person should always set a goal for himself, only by doing so can he feel that he is a real person, and only in this way can he keep moving forward."

In fact, learning is like this. Never be satisfied with the existing answers, dig farther and deeper, and keep looking for the best answers to go the furthest.

Many people know that the sky is high and the earth is wide when climbing high, but most of them realistically set their goals on the mountainside.A little bit of satisfaction can make them smile and stop.However, if you want to succeed in your career, the goal must be at the top.

Top students will not boast because they have a little knowledge, or admire a little achievement.Any merits and virtues that go beyond a certain limit, they are transformed.For example, learned talent, if not accompanied by sound judgment, often turns into error, pride, and pedantry.

Learning never stops.Dissatisfaction is the upward wheel.Top students don't sleep on their grades, they keep asking questions, they keep looking for the best answers, and they are always on the road of learning!
Top students study happily.

"Tomorrow is Monday again, and I have to go to school again."Are you one of those people who feel pain when it comes to going to school?If so, it is safe to say that your learning is passive.Just as a cart-horse cannot go very far with a whip, learning with a stick and whip can quickly become a pain in the ass.

Studies have found that emotions can affect the development of a person's intelligence.Experiments have shown that a group of children have an average IQ of 105 when they are in a good mood, but it drops to 91 when they are in a tense state. The difference between the two is very significant.It seems that the effect is very different between a person studying happily and one studying with a sad face.When you are in a happy mood and your brain is in an excited state, you will increase your confidence and interest in learning, and you will have a strong desire to learn knowledge. You will feel that your brain is like a sponge absorbing water, and it is easier to "suck" knowledge into it, which in turn will delay the time of fatigue.Worry, anxiety, depression, and fear will reduce the desire and interest in learning, inhibit thinking activities, and make fatigue come early, thereby affecting intellectual activities.

Learning is not to relieve stress, learning is a need.Top students strive to create a happy learning atmosphere, use a variety of learning methods to stimulate their interest in learning, face learning difficulties optimistically, experience the success of learning, and enjoy the joy of learning.

Studies have shown that those who learn happily are better remembered.

A psychologist made a "learning achievement" test, which was divided into two groups: one group arranged some games during learning to let learners learn happily; the other group was cramming learning.After the study, there was no difference in the results of the test between the two groups.But after taking the test after a week, the group who studied happily performed much better.This is because the human brain has a defense function of "forgetting as soon as possible to associate unpleasant things".People tend to value the "just sit at your desk" formalism.But they don't care about the substantive issues behind the form. Although they are sitting at the desk, they are sleepwalking in Zhou Gong, which cannot arouse higher learning spontaneity and willingness.

Combining learning with happiness, even if we can't be as detached as a hermit, we must be good at creating a relaxed atmosphere for ourselves.For example, wake up energetically every morning, open the window with your hand, take a deep breath of fresh air, let your body bathe in the rising sun, and your happy mood will rise from your heart.As the saying goes, "a day's plan lies in the morning", when you regard learning as something that really makes you happy, and when you study with such a mood, your day will have a good start.And a good start is half the success, that is, you are in the best state of learning, and learning makes you feel relaxed and happy, then your subconscious will automatically operate to keep you in a positive state all day long.

Set a goal for your studies and you will be happy when you achieve it.

Every time you study, when the big goal is set, you can set a learning goal for a stage. After working hard to achieve the small goal, you will have a sense of accomplishment and happiness will follow.

Adjust your mentality to learn.

Tell yourself you're about to learn something fun!About to learn something that has long been eager to learn!No matter how busy you are, you will find a way to spare time and study while sitting at the desk; and you will want to study more time, so the learning efficiency will naturally be different.

Create some rewards for yourself from time to time to please yourself.

Personal rewards can be divided into intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards.The joy you get when you learn an instrument, the good feeling you get when you learn to control your anger, these are intrinsic rewards.The extrinsic rewards kids get when they do their homework, and the certificates they get after hard work.Theorists' findings suggest that while external positive feedback is helpful, truly successful learners rely on intrinsic motivation.

In the process of learning, of course, it is not all happy.But if the happiness of the ultimate goal is greater, then there should also be happiness in the process of learning.

In the most basic stages, learning may not be so joyful.To a certain extent, it depends on whether your method is appropriate, and it is possible to continue to learn happily.

(End of this chapter)