2050 superpower

Chapter 13 India: We will copy everything in China (2)
In addition to the reasons of strong cultural influence and low political power, poverty and religion are also one of the important reasons for the failure of India's family planning policy.In poor countries, the level of social welfare is generally very low, and childcare is the main way to guarantee a person's life. Therefore, it is generally difficult to control fertility, which is a common feature of all poor countries.As a poor country, India has its own unique national conditions in addition to this commonality.India is a federal country. Every group in the federation has the requirement to maintain its religion, caste and language. Therefore, they must try their best to maintain the advantage of the population size of their own group. Dominance in the federal government.For this reason, there is an article titled "The First Kashmiri Muslim Should Have a Dozen of Children" in India's "Picture Weekly India".Faced with these two reasons, although the state formulates policies, it will not be too serious in implementing them, otherwise serious social problems will arise.

Population is of great significance in a large and powerful country, and population is an important factor that constitutes a country's overall strength.The population advantage can be seen from the battles for great powers in world history. At the end of the 15th century, the European nautical fleet discovered the New World, which caused disputes among the great powers around the world and completely changed the world pattern.The former maritime hegemons Portugal, Spain, and Finland withdrew from the world political stage. With the rapid increase of national population, Britain and Russia emerged as winners.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Germany’s population was 6700)=i-’, far surpassing Britain and France. This population advantage greatly increased its overall national strength, surpassing Britain in an all-round way, becoming the second economic power in the world, and launching the first world war.After the end of the First World War, the population of Germany, a defeated country, increased to 1939 million in 8710, while the population of Britain and France remained unchanged, and Germany’s overall strength surpassed that of Britain and France. , and sparked World War II.in Asia,'

Japan's population data is that the population in 1721 was 2600 million, and in 1872 it was 3311 million. By 1937, before Japan invaded China, the population reached 7000 million.It can be seen that the strength of a country is directly proportional to the size of its population.

In addition to the advantages of human resources brought about by the advantages of population, we also mentioned the "demographic dividend" earlier. The growth of "demographic dividend" can increase the national fiscal revenue; the increase of national fiscal revenue can enhance the comprehensive strength of the country.Fiscal expenditures are regulated by the state, which can benefit the people internally and improve international status externally.The size of the "demographic dividend" can be estimated from the difference between a country's GDP growth rate and per capita GDP growth rate.Take China as an example. In 2007, China’s GDP growth rate was 17%, and its per capita GDP growth rate was 77%. $14 billion.This is a very considerable "bonus".

Through the above analysis, we can know that the economic scale advantage of a country with a large population is very large.However, if only relying on the "demographic dividend" to expand the scale of the economy is a way to drink poison to quench thirst. Although the "demographic dividend" may make a country an economic power, it cannot become an economic power.Especially India, if its population exceeds that of China, its population density will reach 470 people per square kilometer, surpassing Japan and ranking second in the world.But extremes lead to opposites. Unless India has an economic level as developed as Japan, there will be problems in its own survival.

§§§ Section [-] From "Mittal" to "Chandrayaan-[-]"

Under normal circumstances, the level of GDP can reflect the scale and activity of the economy and market.Because of this, all countries will target regions with high GDP and invest their surplus capital in places where the economy and market are active.However, GDP sometimes does not reflect the real situation of the market so honestly and appears as a show.This is just like the stock market. Sometimes, the daily limit of a certain type of stock can drive the stock index to rise, giving people the feeling of a bull market in the entire stock market.Therefore, to judge the authenticity of a country's economic situation, it is necessary to examine the situation of the country's pillar enterprises.

Although India's GDP is much lower than that of China, the quality of its pillar industries is higher than that of China.In fact, GDP only considers the economic scale of a country, and has nothing to do with the strength of the economic strength.Sometimes, excessive pursuit of GDP growth can produce extremely dangerous consequences.India has invested heavily in education. Although it has announced a policy of completely free compulsory education, it has not been fully realized due to financial difficulties, but its investment in education is obvious to all.China's investment in education accounts for 3% of GDP, while India accounts for 7%. There is a huge difference between China and India in terms of education investment.China's medical industry accounts for a huge share of GDP. It is said that it costs thousands of yuan to see a common cold, and the vast majority of people do not have medical insurance; while Indians spend all their medical expenses from birth to death. It's all borne by the government, so their profits in the medical industry are negative.In the face of this surprising comparison, some people put forward the concept of "GDP trap", which is still reasonable.

If a country wants to become a powerful country, it must have pillar industries that can support its "strongness", not industries that support its "bigness".India has many pillar industries and covers a wide range of fields, including textile and garment industry, information software industry, film and television production industry, biotechnology industry, pharmaceutical industry, handicraft industry, diamond processing industry, steel production industry, etc.We only choose some of their strong companies for a comparative analysis.

Different from China's labor-intensive economy, India's high-tech industry is the main component of GDP growth. In 2007, India's IT high-tech industry earned US$400 billion in export revenue, and all of them had independent property rights; while China's high-tech enterprises involved mainly engaged in contract processing without intellectual property rights, and their import volume was only US$122 billion.According to relevant statistics, in the 2007 years before 15, the number of patent applications in India increased by 400%.Among them, in 2004, nearly 800 Indian companies submitted international patent applications to the World Intellectual Property Organization.In this regard, India is a powerhouse relative to China.

India's steel industry is even more unique in the world. Its Mittal Steel Company is one of the largest steel companies in the world, and it is a company with the highest degree of globalization. In 1989, Mittal acquired the largest steel company in America and Europe; in 1992, it acquired the Sibalsa joint venture in Mexico; in 1995, it acquired Irish Steel and Karmet Steel; at the end of 2004, Mittal invested 45 billion U.S. dollar acquired the United States International Steel Corporation, and then came to China non-stop. On January 2005, 1, it invested 14 million U.S. dollars to acquire 3 million legal person shares of Valin Iron and Steel Group, a large Chinese steel company. 14% of the controlling stake.With a market capitalization of approximately RMB 6 billion, Mittal is the largest listed steel company in the world with an annual operating income of approximately RMB 56 billion. Its production scale and steel shipments rank first in the world.

India's software industry is world-renowned. It has become one of the world's top five computer software suppliers, and its scale is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world.India's software exports account for 20% of the global market share, and 100 countries and regions use software made in India.Although the United States is the most powerful country in the software industry, 60% of the software in the country is made in India.The reason why India's software industry is so developed is because there is a huge talent pool behind it as support.India has nearly 30 software talents, 7 national-level and 2 state-level software technology parks, and the number of software talents is increasing at a rate of 6 per year.Due to the development of the software industry, India is known as the "world office", which shows the strength of India's software industry.Compared with China, which is called "the workshop of the world", India is a white-collar class, while China is a blue-collar class.

The textile and garment industry is also one of the important economic pillars of India. According to the 2006 data released by the Ministry of Textiles of India, the output value created by the textile and garment industry accounts for 14% of the country's total industrial output value and 4% of GDP; textile exports account for 16% of India's total. 130% of exports, reaching nearly $3500 billion.The industry employs [-] million people, which is the second largest industry after the agricultural population.As a traditional textile and garment producing country, India ranks second in the world.From the perspective of total textile exports, although India cannot be compared with China, its scale is already considerable and its development speed is very fast.Because Europe and the United States have imposed restrictions on China's textile exports, some orders have flowed to India, which has greatly increased India's exports, and its scale is already very close to that of China.

While India has formed many pillar industries with international competitiveness economically, it has also made great progress in science and technology.Since China's "Chang'e-2007" spacecraft was launched in 2008, it has perfectly completed the scheduled tasks.India, which has been competing with China, was unwilling to lag behind. On October 10, 22, it launched the "Chandrayaan-3" spacecraft, becoming the third Asian country to launch a probe into orbit around the moon after China and Japan.During the nearly one-year flight of Chandrayaan-2009, India obtained a large number of high-resolution lunar geological maps, lunar mineral maps and lunar topographic maps, but this is only the basic task of this lunar exploration activity. The real mission of "Lunar Ship-8" is to search for helium-29, the most promising alternative energy source for human beings in the future.Although Chandrayaan-7 suddenly lost contact with the ground command post on August [-], [-], and its whereabouts are still unknown, its mission has basically been completed. More than [-] photos of the lunar surface sent back by Chandrayaan-[-] show that the mountains and depressions on the moon are clearly visible, especially the photos of the potholes that are permanently in shadow in the polar regions of the moon are more valuable for scientific research.In addition, Chandrayaan-[-] also collected a large amount of data on the chemical and mineral composition of the lunar soil, which is of great value for a correct understanding of the moon.India has been successful and has proven its strength in aerospace.

In Asia, India has China as its competitor.Facing China, India seems confident. An article published in The Times of India on June 2009, 6 argued that China, as the center of the world's manufacturing industry, is characterized by economies of scale, while India is rising rapidly in the value chain of quality.And it is.India has the world's second largest forging company, the world's second largest optical storage media company, and the world's largest two-wheeled vehicle manufacturer. These three companies all win by quality in world trade competition.

India's auto industry also has a considerable scale, among which the Tata Motors Group ranks among the top ten commercial vehicle manufacturers in the world, with an annual turnover of up to 20 billion US dollars.The Washington Institute of International Economics pointed out that China's manufacturing industry can make a profit of 40 dollars by investing 6 dollars a year, while India can make a profit of 24 dollars by investing 6 dollars. In 2009, Bloomberg reported that although India's auto market was only 19% of China's, India's auto exports had surpassed China's.

There is another industry in India that must be mentioned, and that is the pharmaceutical industry, and the representative company is Nanxin Company.Nanxin's advantages lie in its extremely fast imitation speed, excellent craftsmanship and original pharmaceutical technology.3/4 of Nanxin's operating income comes from abroad, and nearly 1/3 of it comes from the United States.

In New York, Cape Town, Jakarta and other places, you can buy medicines produced by Nanxin Company in supermarkets or pharmacies.By the beginning of 2010 alone, Nanxin's sales revenue had reached 17 billion US dollars.Nanxin's products are not only exported to the United States, but also sold in 125 countries around the world.

We only listed a few representative companies in the Indian economy, as a microcosm of the Indian economy, so that everyone can have a general understanding of India's economic situation.India is our neighbor. Although it is very close, it is very strange, so India is blurred in our eyes.Although it is impossible for India to become a world power and its "dream of a great power" is only a dream, the solid foundation it has established has created good conditions for it to pursue its dream of becoming a great power in the future.

§§§ Section [-] Nehru, you are the lighthouse of India
If any country wants to become a powerful country, it only needs economic and military strength, and it also needs the support of a kind of soul and spiritual strength.In fact, the reason why a country's economy and military can be strong is generally supported by strong spiritual strength.It's a binary question, but among the paranoid there is often a chicken-and-egg debate.The relationship between spirit and matter is a relationship of mutual promotion, and there is no trade-off.For example, the Arab countries in the Middle East, although rich in oil resources can make them the richest countries in the world, and have a population of about 1 million and an area of ​​more than 5 million square kilometers, but they lack the ability to be a powerful country. It is necessary to have the spirit to face the new "country" - Israel, which actually controls an area of ​​only 700 square kilometers and a population of only about 2 million.

When we analyze whether a certain country can become a powerful country, we always analyze it from the rational indicators of data.This kind of data indicators is important, but more important is the analysis of the soul and spirit of a country, that is, the analysis of culture.The culture of a country determines the direction of its development.As a major country in the region, what cultural power does India rely on to realize its dream of becoming a world power?

The founding father of India was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.Gandhi studied at the University of London, England, and was qualified as a lawyer in England.After World War I, Gandhi joined the Indian National Congress's independence movement in order to free India from British colonial rule and establish an independent country. In 1930, at the behest of the Congress Party, Gandhi led a very successful mass civil disobedience campaign.Gandhi's success lies in his "disobedience" spirit, advocating the use of traditional Indian culture to arouse the self-esteem of Indians. Therefore, his followers call him "Mahatma Gandhi".India's cultural composition is very complex. Gandhi advocated the unity and cooperation of Hindus and Muslims, and advocated social improvement, self-moral improvement and spiritual influence.Due to the incompatibility between Hinduism and Muslim culture, Gandhi could only accept the independent plan of India and Pakistan, making Pakistan an independent Muslim country.However, separation has not solved the problem, and India-Pakistan relations remain tense.In order to quell disputes, "rekindle the fire of friendship", and "drive out the demon of religious prejudice", Gandhi used a hunger strike to express his determination to "open the heart of understanding and influence every moral nerve of the opponent".Gandhi's actions did not move the powerful, and the struggle continued."Evil" has no scruples when "good" becomes a problem for "evil" - Gandhi was murdered.Facing the murderer, Gandhi said the last words in his life at the moment when his life was about to die: "Please forgive this poor man."

(End of this chapter)