Emperor Liu Hong

() The function of management is the most important function in the imperial court.The change of dynasties in the past dynasties was almost all caused by it not being done well.

In order to be able to reduce one's own burden, allow oneself to have more time to enjoy life, and to be able to govern the country smoothly, without delaying those major national events.For this reason, Liu Hong specially set up the Government Affairs Council in Zhongyang, which is responsible for managing various state affairs.

The Government Affairs Council is fully managed by the Prime Minister.Due to the excessive power of the prime minister, in order not to pose a threat to the emperor.Liu Hong stipulated that the term of office of the prime minister is five years, and he can only serve two consecutive terms at most.

The prime minister is the main manager of political affairs.All his decrees are closely related to the people.If it is not done well, it will easily arouse the resentment of the people.

For this reason, Liu Hong decided that the prime minister was not directly appointed by the emperor.Instead, the emperor and the National Congress each submit a few candidates, and these candidates must submit their respective governance programs and plans, which will be submitted to the emperor for appointment after being reviewed and selected by the National Assembly.

In this way, the emperor can not only consider the following opinions, but also, when necessary, throw the prime minister out as a scapegoat to ease the contradiction.

There are nine ministries under the Government Affairs Council, and the nine ministries are the specific management departments of the imperial court.The person in charge is called Shangshu, and the deputy is called Shilang.

Ministry of Officials: Manage the archives of officials, meritorious service and nobles, review and assess the merits of officials.

Ministry of Civil Affairs: Manage the farming affairs, craftsmen, engineering and various commercial and trade activities of the country, etc., and various matters related to people's livelihood.

The Ministry of Rituals: In charge of the world's etiquette, sacrifices, tributes, and exchanges between vassals and foreign countries.

Household Department: collect taxes and manage customs and banks.

Security Department: responsible for safeguarding national security, arresting criminals, managing mercenaries and bodyguards, and contacting the military.

Ministry of Human and Social Resources: Manage the household registration files of Dahan people, charity management, relief for difficulties, and the development of all national resources and environmental protection.

Ministry of Education: manages the education of the people of the country.

Ministry of Communications: Manage the country's water, land and air routes, all things related to transportation, such as roads, rivers, stations, airports, post offices, vehicles, ships and aircraft, airships, etc.

Ministry of Health: Manage the medical and health conditions of the people, as well as the prevention and control of the epidemic.

In addition, three intelligence departments were established, the National Security Bureau (under the Imperial Security Department), the Military Intelligence Bureau (under the direct command of the Army's Military Aircraft Department), and the Secrets Bureau (Liu Hong's exclusive intelligence team).

The local government also followed the example of Zhong Yang and established the Government Affairs Council.All departments are the same as Zhong Yang, but the level is reduced and the scale is reduced.

County magistrates, prefects, and governors are the highest officials at the county, prefecture, and prefecture levels respectively. The government affairs of their jurisdictions are mainly managed by the county magistrates, prefectural magistrates, and state magistrates.And they are equivalent to the emperors of their jurisdiction.However, they are different from the emperor in that they only have the right to supervise and review the local Metropolitan Procuratorate and Dali Temple, but not to directly manage them.

The government affairs councils at all levels, like the central yang government affairs council, have management agencies similar to those of the nine ministries.They all belong to two-way management, they must obey the orders of the local authorities and the orders of the superiors.

No matter how the imperial court's institutions are changed, the most important thing is the officials inside.The ranks of officials in the Han Dynasty were too chaotic, and they were divided by salary, which was quite unscientific.In order to distinguish the ranks of officials, Liu Hong implemented the nine-rank system, which was divided into nine ranks and eighteen ranks, and each rank was divided into positive and subordinate.The official uniforms are all in a uniform style, and the colors are used to distinguish the grades, and the colors are changed every three ranks, from low to high are green, red, and purple.

Officials need to govern the country, so their quality is very important.For this reason, Liu Hong made mandatory regulations, and he can only become an official after passing the imperial examination.

Because Liu Hong is quite hostile to corrupt officials, his management of officials is also quite strict.These things, Liu Hong has formed them into a system to fundamentally prevent the corruption of officials.

There are many methods for later generations in this regard, such as publicizing the property of officials so that others can check it at any time.Officials are prohibited from doing business, and there are some restrictions on their immediate family members doing business.For example, you can't do the same business as the officials manage, just like those who manage hospitals can't sell medicine, and those who manage restaurants can't sell food.Moreover, the business they do must be disclosed, large transactions need to be reported, and so on.

With the official system set up in this way, almost all government affairs are rolled out.It can be said that even if there is no emperor, the government can run smoothly.

This is the result Liu Hong wants. He is really afraid that one of his descendants will appear who doesn't understand anything and loves to mess around with a fool.In that case, the change of dynasty will not be far away.Now that he has made such an adjustment, the emperor can take care of it if he wants to, and let it go if he doesn't want to. It will not hinder the handling of government affairs, and there is no danger of changing the dynasty.

However, no matter how powerful the prime minister is, he can't make decisions about some things, which must be left to the emperor to decide.No one is a god and will never make mistakes, and of course Liu Hong can't do it either.

But matters that need to be decided by the emperor are absolutely major matters, and mistakes cannot be tolerated.Therefore, Liu Hong specially set up a cabinet.Recruit talents from all walks of life, as well as those outstanding retired officials, to consult various government affairs.

Liu Hong's cabinet is completely different from the cabinets of later generations, it just borrowed such a name.It is not an institution of the government, but only consults the emperor, and does not participate in the management of government affairs.Therefore, the imperial court is not responsible for the salaries of its members, and all its expenses are taken care of by the emperor himself.

This cabinet, Liu Hong positioned it as a consulting department.Having such a department for consultation can avoid some mistakes to a large extent.This is especially important for the emperors of later generations. As long as the emperors of later generations are not too stupid, there is such a department for consultation. At the very least, it can ensure the stability of the empire.

Although the emperor doesn't have to take too much control of government affairs, there are many other things.Things like the Metropolitan Procuratorate, the Dali Temple, the Congress, and the most important thing is the military, all of which should be taken care of by the emperor.In order to reduce labor, Liu Hong set up a secretarial department, throwing all these big and small matters into the secretary's department, and the secretary will look over them first.

Small things are the kind of things that need to be stamped and can be done, and the secretariat can stamp them directly.Afterwards, report it uniformly, so there is no need to trouble Liu Hong with it at any time.

If it's a major issue, if there is no rush, the secretaries will write out a few suggestions for handling, and then give it to Liu Hong for review, and choose one he likes.If you don't like it, and you can't think of it yourself, you need to find a solution from the cabinet.

If the matter is urgent, Liu Hong is not a person who does not care about the seriousness, and he will definitely deal with such matters at any time.

In order to distinguish these things, Liu Hong made regulations on the memorial.For government affairs, all use yellow memorials.For the army, all memorials are in green.All the memorials of the Metropolitan Procuratorate are in red.For urgent matters, three black bars can be added on the surface of the memorial to distinguish them.

Liu Hong is very satisfied with the reform he made this time.Among them, the most satisfying thing is that the secretary is saved.

In his previous life, Liu Hong was most envious of those big bosses who were secretaries when they had something to do.Now, he finally had the chance to try it.So in the first place, he selected some literate and beautiful female secretaries from among the many court ladies.Although he can't be a secretary now when he has nothing to do, he still has to prepare for the future, right?