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Chapter 243 The Hard Start of the Reform Movement of

The defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 not only shocked the whole country in the late Qing Dynasty, but also shocked the ancients of other dynasties and could not believe it.

Japan is just a small island country, as the ancients of various dynasties knew very well.

No matter which dynasty they belong to, ordinary people have never taken Japan seriously.

After all, in the eyes of ancient people from all dynasties, Japan was a barbarian land and nothing more than a vassal state of China.

Even Japan often sent people to the Central Plains dynasty to learn advanced knowledge and then brought this knowledge back to the small areas.

Therefore, when facing Japan, ancient people from all dynasties had a sense of superiority in their hearts.

But now we see that Japan has pinned the Qing government to the ground and rubbed it, not only cutting off a large area of ​​the Central Plains territory, but also claiming 200 million taels of silver.

Although Japan bullied the Qing Dynasty, it was still the Central Plains Dynasty anyway, so how could they accept it?

While ancient people from various dynasties scolded the Qing government for being cowardly and incompetent, they also scolded the Japanese pirates for their stubbornness, harboring evil intentions, and daring to covet the Central Plains all the time.

"Liang Qichao counted himself as a blow to the head, poured cold water on his back, and could not sleep at night. From then on, he became a disciple of Kang Youwei, and Kang Youwei's fate began to reverse."

"But as soon as he saw Kang Youwei, he collapsed instantly."

"Liang Qichao was a talented young man who was well-known in Guangzhou. He also relied on Li Duanfen, the cabinet scholar, to get acquainted with a group of senior officials in the capital. In this way, Liang Qichao became Kang Youwei's most loyal and effective propagandist."

After all, the Western powers have high mountains and far distances, and there is no possibility of them invading the land of China.

"In 1894, the year of Jiawu, the Beiyang Fleet, known as the eighth in the world and the largest in Asia, was completely annihilated by the small country Japan."

But now it seems that the Japanese have malicious intentions and are always thinking of attacking the Central Plains Dynasty.

"If China still had some dignity before the Sino-Japanese War and wanted to strengthen itself."

"Kang Youwei, who sensed the political changes, wrote to Emperor Guangxu and loudly called for reforms as a commoner."

"At that time, the examiner, Cabinet Bachelor Li Duanfen, saw that Liang Qichao was young, talented and experienced, so he immediately decided to betroth his cousin to Liang Qichao."

When he thought of the little Japanese wolf's ambition and delusional attempt to occupy the Central Plains, he felt inexplicably angry.

With such a supercilious attitude, he naturally would not allow the Japanese to stay in the Tang Dynasty.

"In this context, the bourgeois reformists represented by Kang Youwei took advantage of the situation and stepped onto the stage of history."

Previously, Japanese envoys came to Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty in large numbers to learn about the culture of the Tang Dynasty. However, he did not take it seriously and let the Japanese learn from it with a broad mind.

Liang Qichao: I am ashamed of my teacher’s understanding of the current situation.

“The mainstream discourse changed from self-improvement to national salvation, and the Qing government gradually fell into the quagmire of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and was unable to extricate itself.”

"Kang Youwei began to give lectures and recruit apprentices in Guangdong and Guangxi, opened Wanmu Thatched Cottage, formulated the theory of reform and reform, and printed a large number of reform books."

"But when he returned to Guangdong, he found that he had quietly become famous."

"The Chinese people are passionate and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 was a turning point in China's modern history."

Li Shimin: The Chinese nation has reached the edge of life and death. It can no longer make small fuss like the previous Westernization Movement. If we want to save the Chinese nation, we cannot do it without drastic reforms.

Thinking of this, he immediately ordered the Japanese in Chang'an City to be expelled, and they were never allowed to set foot on the land of China.

"Until one day, he met Kang Youwei."

“For thousands of years, the structure of the feudal system that suppressed merchants prevented capitalism from developing.”

"Liang Qichao, who won the junior college entrance examination, has a bright future and is conceited."

"Liang Qichao wrote articles at the age of 8, and later passed the Juren Examination at the age of 16."

"As a result, the petition was not submitted, and the examiner dismissed me because I was so crazy that I couldn't pass."

"In 1890, the 17-year-old Liang Qichao also heard about Kang Youwei's reputation and visited the 32-year-old scholar Kang Youwei."

"Kang Youwei returned to Guangzhou in frustration, feeling that there was no hope for his career anymore, so he planned to go home to take care of his mother and teach until he died."

"The cessation of territories shows that the Qing government is no longer able to protect the safety of its people. The huge indemnities and various unequal treaties show that the Qing government has become an accomplice of imperialism in plundering the Chinese people, and the Qing government is still the same decadent feudal country."

Now after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government is really facing a critical moment of life and death, and is always in danger of being destroyed by Japan.

"Four years before the Sino-Japanese War of 1890-17, in , Liang Qichao was years old and from Guangdong."

"In the spring of the following year, Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi signed the humiliating Treaty of Shimonoseki, ceding Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula and paying compensation of 200 million taels of silver."

"Kang Youwei is 32 years old at this time, and he has failed in many attempts."

"In the semi-feudal and semi-colonial Qing Dynasty, it has increasingly become the consensus of a generation of intellectuals that the Qing Dynasty will survive if it changes, and it will perish if it does not change."

"Kang Youwei's impassioned speech refuted the official mainstream ideology advocated by Liang Qichao as useless."

The ambitious little Japan is very different. It is right next to the land of China and always wants to annex the territory of the Central Plains.

"As a representative of the feudal landlord class, the Qing government colluded with imperialism and tried its best to suppress the development of the national bourgeoisie, which actually resulted in the magical phenomenon of lower taxes on foreign goods than domestic goods."

"He introduced ideas such as civil rights, equality, and parliament to Liang Qichao."

"At that time, Liang Qichao was a young and talented man. He was complacent about having understood the sage's teachings to a certain extent."

“After the First Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese nation was truly on the verge of life and death.”

In the previous two Opium Wars, the Qing government still wanted to strengthen itself to get rid of the control of foreign powers.

"Two years ago, when Kang Youwei, who had just turned 30, went to Beijing to take the imperial examination, he met Guangxu who was married to the emperor."

Whenever he recalled the time he visited his teacher, he was shocked by his thoughts.

To be honest, he went to visit the teacher with a condescending mentality.

After all, he became famous at a young age and was a scholar, while the teacher was just a scholar at that time.

If he hadn't heard that his teacher had made some noise in the capital, he would not have gone out of his way to visit a scholar as he was young and frivolous.

At that time, Western ideas were impacting the land of China, and calls for reform were becoming increasingly louder.

And he had been reading books about saints, and he thought he had certain insights into the saints' studies, so he wanted to see what the reforms and innovations that the teacher shouted about were about.

So I went to visit the teacher with the mentality of understanding Western thought, and wanted to see the difference between the teachings of saints and Western thought.

But when he heard ideas such as civil rights, equality, and parliament from his teacher, he was shocked by these Western ideas.

It was precisely because he felt the shock of Western thought that he decided to apprentice as a scholar as a scholar.

"Many people comment that Kang Youwei likes to brag, speaks exaggeratedly, and is arrogant."

"During the royalist movement, he did not hesitate to tamper with facts and forge Guangxu's secret edicts in order to achieve his own political goals."

"Some of his ideas were plagiarized from others, and he advocated enjoyment and opposed feudal asceticism. Later, he used money donated by overseas Chinese to live a quite luxurious life."

"Actually, Kang Youwei was also a very controversial figure at the time. His political opponents commented that he was arrogant and arrogant."

"On the other hand, Kang Youwei was a genius propagandist and agitator."

"He dares to speak and act, is full of patriotic enthusiasm, and firmly practices according to his ideals."

"Perhaps many people who thought about the need for reform in China at the same time as Kang Youwei may have even thought about it earlier than Kang Youwei."

"But their level of publicity was limited. They either encountered resistance or did not arouse a big response."

"Many people were not as arrogant as Kang Youwei, and were willing to risk their own futures to reject the mainstream feudal doctrine at the time."

"Many people do not have the firm belief to put it into practice. They only write books and do not go out and speak out like Kang Youwei."

"Kang Youwei wrote several letters urging reforms. Although he was considered arrogant by others, he did not give in."

"His academic attainments are indeed not very high. He is eager to learn more and is often eager to talk about something even if he only knows a little bit about it."

"In this way, his proposed reform proposals have many unrealistic contents, such as selling off border land."

"But to say that his academic attainments are not high is to compare with those top intellectuals."

"He actively studied and promoted Western humanities ideas, covered a wide range of topics, systematically studied and proposed reform plans suitable for China's national conditions, and was able to impress Guangxu and a group of ministers, which is not something ordinary people can do."

"It was this special and turbulent period in China that selected the arrogant and boastful Kang Youwei."

"Kang Youwei's "New Learning" destroyed the Song Dynasty Sinology, which was the mainstream official ideology at the time, as an idea based on fake books. In "Confucius Reform Examination", he considered reshaping Confucius as a figure who was brave in reform and innovation."

“As academic books, these books make a limited contribution.”

"But if you think of these books as political propaganda, it's a huge success."

"In the era when Confucius was widely believed in, his Tuogu restructuring slowed down resistance and spread rapidly through the emergence of China's national bourgeoisie."

"The conservatives also started to slander him, deceived the public with evil words, destroyed the holy religion, and burned Kang Youwei's books several times."

"But the historical trend of reform and reform has taken shape, and Kang Youwei represents the future development direction."

"Kang Youwei's books were burned many times, but they were copied and circulated many times."

"The nascent reformists are trying hard to break through the conservative speech blockade through the nascent Chinese national bourgeoisie."

"At this moment, news of the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 came."

Zhang Juzheng: Although Kang Youwei had some flaws in his character, these flaws were insignificant compared with his advocacy of reforms and innovations to save China.

Those who achieve great things should not stick to trivial matters, this is his consistent proposition.

As long as it is for the sake of the entire country and the entire nation, even some personal shortcomings are acceptable.

This was the case with the reforms he led in the Ming Dynasty, and the same is true with Kang Youwei today.

Regardless of Kang Youwei's personal character, just talking about his contribution to saving the nation is enough to make up for these flaws.

In an era when die-hards dominated the mainstream, Kang Youwei risked his future by running for reforms and reforms. Such courage was particularly rare, and very few people could achieve it.

It is precisely this rarity that makes Kang Youwei's patriotic enthusiasm even more valuable.

To be honest, from what he saw, Kang Youwei looked more like a passionate young man who was keen on reform.

To face huge resistance to reform and reform, it is not enough to rely solely on this passion.

It also requires rich political experience in order to be able to carry out reforms despite the obstruction of those die-hards.

Thinking about it, he had served as the chief minister of the cabinet for such a long time and had enough political experience before he started to promote the reforms of the Ming Dynasty.

Under such circumstances, he also encountered strong obstruction from the opposition, not to mention Kang Youwei, who had no experience in political struggle.

If it goes as he expected, if Kang Youwei only had these capitals, his reform and innovation would probably end in failure.

“After the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Japanese asked Li Hongzhang to negotiate by name.”

"Li Hongzhang sent an urgent message. Japan has three days to sign a treaty, cede Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula, and pay compensation of 200 million taels of silver."

"The ministers represented by conservatives firmly disagreed, and the Taiwanese people reacted fiercely, crying loudly."

"However, Japan has occupied Liaodong and threatens to attack Beijing if it does not sign a treaty."

"Since the Jiawu Year was Cixi's 60th birthday, there was a special examination for the Juren Examination in that year, and the Jinshi Examination the next year."

"Kang Youwei passed the exam, and in the year when the treaty was signed, he and candidates from all provinces gathered in Beijing to participate in the examination."

"At this time, Li Hongzhang's opposition, who opposed the signing of the treaty, quietly leaked the information that Li Hongzhang wanted to sign a treasonous treaty to various officials and encouraged them to submit letters."

"The crowds in all provinces were very excited. One after another, one after another, one after another, they jointly signed a letter refusing to sign the contract and demanding severe punishment for Li Hongzhang."

“It formed the first massive mass movement in China’s modern history, which is known as the “Bus Letter” in history.”

"Although Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao later publicized the bus letter as being their own initiative, they deceived historians for decades."

"However, research in recent years shows that Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao did organize petitions, but they were just one of many petitions."

"And since Guangxu's ratification of the treaty was a foregone conclusion, many people withdrew midway and did not submit their petitions."

"Although Kang Youwei did not submit the letter, he clearly proposed a complete reform plan in the letter."

"Establish banks, build railways, open mines, build factories, organize chambers of commerce, translate books, open new schools, open newspapers, and dismiss officials."

"The bourgeois reformists officially entered the political stage through the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899, and Kang Youwei also became a high school scholar and officially entered the officialdom."

Kang Youwei: The reason why I publicized the bus letter as being led by myself was to attract more people to join the reform team. I don’t think there is anything wrong with it.

The die-hards are too powerful and they will use all available resources.

Only in this way can we get more support and push the reform forward. He is suffering from the fact that his reputation is not big enough and he cannot attract too many people's attention.

Fortunately, the news of the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War gave him a golden opportunity, and he saw an opportunity to improve his reputation.

Signing a defeat treaty will inevitably arouse the excitement of the entire country, and if he can perform well in this matter, he can attract the attention of the country's people.

It is precisely because of this that he actively signed a letter demanding that he refuse to sign the contract and severely punish Li Hongzhang.

Although it was ultimately unsuccessful, he was still one of the petitioners anyway, so there was nothing wrong with promoting himself as the leader of the petition petition.

Facts have proved that his decision was very correct, and it was precisely because of this reputation that he gained great attention from all the Chinese people.

"The Qing government at this time was controlled by Cixi, who had real power, and Guangxu, the nominal monarch who had no real power."

"Guangxu is the son of Cixi's sister. He was brought into the palace at the age of 4 and carefully cultivated according to the conditions of an heir."

"It is impossible for Guangxu and Cixi not to have feelings, but standing at the center of power, personal feelings are basically vulnerable to political forms."

"Guangxu respected and feared Cixi. After Guangxu's wedding in 1889, according to the ancestral system, Cixi allowed Guangxu to rule in person."

"But Cixi still firmly controlled the military and political power. Almost all military and political officials and frontier officials were members of the Empress Dowager Cixi. These people were called the rear party."

"Obviously it was Guangxu who came to govern the country, but in fact all the memorials had to be copied to Cixi."

"Guangxu did not dare to make the decision on important matters, and would always ask Cixi for instructions."

"But in the political arena, if there are those in power, there will inevitably be opponents."

"Some ministers who were excluded by the rear party gathered around Weng Tonghe, the imperial master of the three dynasties, and formed Guangxu's intimate imperial party."

"The imperialists who had no real power tried every means to gain power. The Westernizers of the rear party caused the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and gave the imperialists an opportunity to attack."

"The imperial party complied with the appeal of the people and attacked the rear party fiercely."

"In order to seize power, the imperialist party must propose a policy plan that is different from the Westernizationists and die-hards of the rear party."

"At this time, the reformists represented by Kang Youwei, following the people's call for salvation and survival, broke into the eyes of Guangxu and the imperial party."

"After Kang Youwei became a Jinshi, he soon wrote to Emperor Guangxu."

"The defeat in the Sino-Japanese War was a great shame and humiliation. China was facing the crisis of partition."

"After we lost Ryukyu, Vietnam, Korea, Burma, Siam and other dependent countries were all taken away within two or three years."

"Now that Taiwan is ceded, the mainland will no longer be preserved."

"In the face of changes that have not happened in four thousand years, we can no longer settle for borrowing money. We must endure hardships and work hard to become stronger. Now we cannot save China without reform. Then we proposed a complete set of reform plans."

"Guangxu was worried that he had no way to save the country. He was overjoyed after reading the letter. He immediately sent a copy to Cixi and sent a copy to the governors and generals of all provinces for discussion."

"Kang Youwei and his reformists adapted to the situation and formed a solid alliance with the imperial party."

"A young emperor with no real power and little political experience, and a scholar who also lacked political experience advocated Ieyasu Youwei, were connected in this way under the instigation of the imperial party without real power, and led the Reform Movement of 1898."

Liu Che: Unfortunately, such reforms are doomed to fail.

For a top-down reform like the Reform Movement of 1898, even an emperor with real power would find it difficult to succeed.

We must know that reform will inevitably trigger the opposition of vested interest groups, especially when all aspects like the Reform Movement of 1898 require vigorous reform. It is conceivable how great the resistance will be from the opposition.

It is difficult for an emperor with real power to do this, let alone a puppet emperor without real power.

Guangxu had no real power, Kang Youwei had no political experience, and the imperial party also had no real power.

If a reform team without power like this wants to succeed, it is undoubtedly a fantasy.

Therefore, it was impossible for the Reform Movement of 1898 to succeed from the beginning.

Not to mention that Guangxu, who had no real power, led the reform. Even if Cixi, who had real power, wanted to carry out the Reform Movement of 1898, the possibility of success was slim.

"Kang Youwei became famous, and a large number of senior officials in the capital rushed to visit Kang Youwei, who had just been awarded the title of Jinshi and had no official position yet."

“The defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 led to rising calls for reform among the people.”

"After the letter was written on the bus, the atmosphere of discussing politics among the people is no longer a taboo."

"For a time, the call for reform received widespread support from all walks of life and became a fashion. The Westernization die-hards all gathered under the banner of Kang Youwei's reform to save the country."

"Kang Youwei, who suddenly stepped into the center of public opinion, was gearing up to start his long-prepared grand reform plan."

"Kang Youwei began to use his influence to organize societies and establish newspapers and periodicals. He organized societies to connect reformers, cultivate and expand his own reform power, and founded newspapers and periodicals to promote reform ideas and enlighten the Chinese people."

"Suddenly, with the vigorous advocacy of Kang Youwei and his party members, a large number of society newspapers appeared across the country, and they were so comprehensive that they created a hurricane in the Chinese ideological circles at that time."

"It was Liang Qichao who was still a great scholar who used his excellent writing and thinking to profoundly expose the decadence of the feudal autocratic system and lash out at the conservatism of the feudal die-hards."

"In a few months, the "Current Affairs News" written by 24-year-old Liang Qichao sold more than copies."

"The Reform Movement of 1898 later failed, but it had a profound impact on the ideological emancipation of Chinese intellectuals and China's future development."

“But when the reformists were advancing by leaps and bounds, the conservatives also felt that the time had come and began to counterattack.”

"As soon as the haze of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 passed, the Qing Dynasty's New Deal style disappeared."

"At that time, almost everyone knew that the country needed reform, but almost everyone did not want the reform to affect their own interests."

"As new ideas intensified their attacks on traditional ideas, conservatives became increasingly intolerant, and slanders against Kang Youwei poured in."

"Conservatives disbanded the Society for Disintegration, established a new newspaper, and attacked the reformists."

"The reformists have no political experience, the imperialists have no real power, and the old foxes of the Westernizationists of the rear party can push them down with just a finger."

"It seems that the idea of ​​​​reforming to save the country is just a flash in the pan, and it will return to the past."

"At this moment, another crisis of national subjugation completely awakened the sleeping Qing government."

Liang Qichao: Did the Reform Movement of 1898 still fail?

Although the Reform Movement of 1898 was advancing, there was always a haze in his heart, and he always felt that the Reform Movement of 1898 might end without any problem.

When the anchor talked about the historical events of the late Qing Dynasty, although he did not mention the relevant information about the Reform Movement of 1898, he already had a bad premonition in his heart.

Now the anchor clearly told him that the Reform Movement of 1898 had failed. Although he had expected it, he still couldn't hide his disappointment. It was impossible not to feel sad.

But soon he cheered up and rekindled his fighting spirit, and the gloom was gone.

Although the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 has become inevitable, he will still spare no effort to promote the reform.

Even if it does not succeed, as long as the Reform Movement of 1898 can liberate the minds of the Chinese people, then all his efforts will be meaningful.

"On November 1897, 11, two German missionaries were killed in Shandong."

"Germany took the opportunity to send warships to occupy Jiaozhou Bay on November 11, and forced the Qing government to sign a lease treaty the following year."

“Seeing this, other imperialist countries scrambled to catch up, like hungry wolves pounced on their prey.”

"Russia sent warships to occupy Dalian and Port Arthur, Britain forcibly leased Weihaiwei, and France leased Guangzhou Bay."

“While the imperialist countries were carving up Africa, they also set off a frenzy to carve up China.”

"In front of these bandits, the Qing government, which was weak and powerless, could only retreat and keep its promise."

"The crisis of national subjugation is imminent, and the fate of the country is at stake."

"Kang Youwei, who was in Guangzhou, heard the news and immediately rushed to Beijing to advocate for reform. The public's call for reform and reform rose again."

"If we still do not change our ways and strive to become stronger now, I am afraid that the country and the country will be in danger."

"By this time, almost everyone knew that the law was about to change."

"Guangxu has also made up his mind to summon Kang Youwei, but Prince Houdang Gong came out to block it. Officials of higher rank and fourth rank cannot summon him."

"Guangxu had no choice but to organize a meeting with ministers, and Kang Youwei was invited to the Xihua Hall of the Prime Minister's Yamen."

"When Kang Youwei walked into the Prime Minister's Yamen that day, the ministers present for questioning were Li Hongzhang, Weng Tonghe, and Ronglu."

"According to Kang Youwei's description, conservatives had a debate with him here."

"Rong Lu speaks first, the laws of our ancestors cannot be changed."

"Kang Youwei replied that the ancestral law is used to manage the ancestral land. If the ancestral land cannot be guarded, how can we talk about the ancestral law."

"Li Hongzhang asked, can the six ministries be abolished and the rules and regulations eliminated?"

"Kang Youwei replied that today is an era of parallel power. It is no longer the Qing Dynasty of the past. The current legal and official positions are all old laws of the past. These old laws are the cause of China's peril and should be abolished."

"Weng Tonghe asked where the money needed for the reform would be raised."

"Kang Youwei replied that China is so big that as long as the system is changed, tax revenue will increase 10 times compared to now."

"Kang Youwei then stated the reform plan he envisioned, and said that Japan's Meiji Restoration was the easiest to imitate. He had compiled "An Examination of Japan's Reform" and "Peter's Revolution in Russia" for reference."

"The next day, Weng Tonghe, an imperial party member, told Emperor Guangxu about the interview with Kang Youwei and recommended him."

"Guangxu studied "Japan's Political Revolution" and "Peter's Political Revolution in Russia" every day."

Yongzheng: Has the Qing Dynasty fallen into the fate of being divided up?

Although he already knew that the situation in the late Qing Dynasty was very bad, it still made him sad to hear that the Western powers were openly carving up the Qing Empire.

The Qing Empire, which is now at its peak, will face the fate of being carved up by the Western powers in the future. Just thinking about it is worrying.

The country of the Qing Dynasty was in danger, and reform and reform were inevitable.

But thinking of those conservatives who used the immutability of the ancestral laws to block the reform, he felt that it was necessary to leave an imperial edict so that the late Qing emperor would not have to worry about the ancestral laws.

Although he also knew that the effect of this imperial edict was limited, it could always help the subsequent Qing emperor alleviate some resistance.

There was only so much he could do, and the rest could only rely on the efforts of future generations.

After all, the only thing he can influence is when he is alive. The future outcome of the Qing Dynasty depends on the fate of future generations.

"Kang Youwei, who has not yet entered the center of political power, continues to rely on private power to create public opinion."

"At that time, it was time for the provincial candidates to take the exam again in Beijing. He encouraged the candidates to join forces with the provincial societies to organize the Baoguo Association, a prototype political party with great momentum."

“At that time, the first general meeting of the National Security Council was filled with people and all seats were occupied.”

"Kang Youwen delivered a very passionate speech. The great powers joined forces to carve up China. China's territory is being divided day by day, its national power is being eroded, and its people are becoming increasingly poor."

"Today's Chinese people are like prisoners in a prison, like slaves, like cattle, horses, dogs and sheep. They can only be driven and slaughtered by others."

"In the face of this great humiliation, great tragedy and great pain, I hope that everyone can inspire their spirits, regain their strength, and unite the 40 million people to work hard to protect the country, the people and education."

"Under Kang Youwei's highly infectious speech, the audience was all moved, and the call for reform among the people reached a climax."

“With the gradual expansion of the influence of the Baoist Association, the conservatives’ slander against Kang Youwei has also reached a small climax.

"His lies confuse the public, he acts arrogantly, hides his hidden agenda, and forms cliques for personal gain. The die-hards continue to write letters accusing Kang Youwei."

"It is harmful to political stability, and it will not be your turn to protect the country even if it is destroyed by Kang Youwei."

"Fundamentally, diehards cannot understand that Kang Youwei regarded the country's peril as the responsibility of every Chinese and attempted to mobilize public opinion."

"At the same time, the Westernizationist Zhang Zhidong issued the "Encouragement to Learning" to call for rectification of people's hearts and to ward off evil spirits. The feudal program cannot be shaken, the feudal system cannot be changed, and China's holy religion is the foundation of China."

"Li Hongzhang stepped up his persecution of members of the imperial party. Even at this time, some conservatives had begun to plan to drive out the imperial party and abolish Guangxu."

"However, the harder the rear party attacks the imperialists, the deeper the imperialists' uneasiness and self-defense mentality will become, and the more they will intensify their alliance with the reformists."

"On June 1898, 6, with the consent of Cixi, Guangxu issued the "Ming Ding Guo Shi Zhao" and set the national reform policy."

"The current situation is difficult. Let's unite as one, work hard, and work together to reform and reform. The reform and reform will start with difficulty."

Kang Youwei's speech at the first congress of the Baoguo Congress was retold by the anchor, which immediately moved the people of the Qing Dynasty during the Guangxu period.

The people in Wanqing only knew that reform was needed, but they did not have a clear understanding of why reform was necessary.

Now that they knew the content of Kang Youwei's speech from the anchor, they couldn't help but nod their heads, feeling that what Kang Youwei said was so reasonable.

If you want not to be a slave, not to be a cow or a horse, and not to be slaughtered by others, you can only change your ways to become stronger.

Only when China becomes strong through reforms can its people not be bullied by others.

At this moment, the call for reform from all the Chinese people reached its climax, which delighted the reformists.

(End of this chapter)