History live broadcast: the beginning is Qin Shihuang's live broadcast of the subjugation of th

"The legal system of the Qin Dynasty also had the characteristics of "paternalism". It emphasized: "The laws are unified by the unified government, and the people regard officials as their teachers." In addition, the Qin Code emphasized the lightness of crimes."

"The punishment is severe, and if one person commits a crime, nine tribes will be punished. From these two points, Qin's law also has the characteristics of "law-based and severe punishment"."

"Thus, it is not difficult for us to see that the legal ideology of the Qin Dynasty was still dominated by Legalism."

"Although the Qin law was punished heavily for minor crimes, or even "sitting together", it abandoned the arbitrariness of punishment in a slave-owning society. It only punished those who committed crimes, and the Confucianism was reflected here. "

"Under the combined influence of Confucianism and Legalism, the laws of the Qin Dynasty were able to form a relatively complete set of codes."

"In addition, the laws of the Qin Dynasty "increased corporal punishment, large-scale punishment, and punishments such as chiseling, beating, and cooking in a wok." There were no punishments in the previous dynasties. The severity of the punishments can be said to be even worse."

"From the perspective of this criminal law, it is inseparable from one person, that is Shang Yang. His role here cannot be underestimated. It was precisely because of Shang Yang's reforms that the Qin Dynasty was able to grow and unify Liuhe."

"But the same reforms by Shang Yang made the Qin Dynasty stronger, and it was also one of the reasons for the Qin Dynasty's downfall."

"In fact, Shang Yang's reforms at that time were very practical for the social situation at that time."

"The Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in which Shang Yang lived were at a time when the feudal system was falling apart and centralization was in its infancy."

“The original state-owned land system was impacted and gradually replaced by land privatization, so class conflicts between landlords and farmers intensified.”

"In this case, Qin's national power was the most lacking. In order to prevent Qin from being annexed by the other six countries, Qin Xiaogong, Li Xian and Shang Yang took this opportunity to successfully reform the Qin State and laid a solid foundation for the Qin Dynasty to unify the six countries. Foundation."

"As an outstanding representative of Legalist thought, Shang Yang's reforms tended to be in the direction of punishment, and he even proposed the joint sitting system. Through this proposal, the ruler's status was enhanced."

"Shang Yang's reform ideas conformed to the social situation at that time and were highly consistent with Qin Shihuang's ideas. Therefore, Shang Yang's reform ideas were perfectly integrated with Qin laws and implemented throughout the Qin Dynasty."

"This once again proves that although the laws of the Qin Dynasty are the product of the "competition of Confucianism and Legalism", Legalism is superior to Confucianism."

"Due to the long-term atrocities committed by the Qin Dynasty, it caused great harm to people's bodies and also caused irreparable trauma to people's psychology."

"From this aspect, Qin's law is imperfect because it does not reflect the humanistic feelings of a ruler and treats guilty people as non-human beings."

"The Qin Dynasty, as the first feudal dynasty in history, was the stage of transition from a slave society to a feudal society. He has nothing to refer to. As the first ruler, perhaps he should be given some tolerance."

"Some of Qin Shihuang's thoughts still remain in the slave society, and it is normal for his vision to be limited. Therefore, although the formulation of Qin's laws is of great reference value for future generations, we cannot deny that it has limitations."

"Because of Shang Yang's "continuous sitting method" and additional "corporal punishment", prisoners and their families suffered great physical and psychological trauma and humiliation, so the Qin Dynasty was dubbed "violent Qin" by later generations. title."

"The cruelty of Qin's laws was not the direct cause of Qin's demise, but it was the main reason."

"It would indeed be too one-sided to say that the criminal law caused the demise of the Qin Dynasty."

"The financial weakness of the Qin Dynasty resulted in the Qin Dynasty's 15 years of taxation on the people being always at a high standard." "In addition, Qin Shihuang's burning of books and enforcing Confucianism, the construction of the Great Wall of Qin and the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, as well as the long-term struggles, all cost a lot of money. A lot of human, financial and material resources have been invested.”

"Even if Hu Hai does not ascend the throne and these problems are not solved, the Qin Dynasty will still die because the people cannot bear it."

"Learning from the past and the present, if a country does not have a perfect legal system, it will not be enough to act as a deterrent, but if the law is too strict, it can quickly destroy a country."

"The last problem is to burn books and entrap scholars."

"Historical records are all described by the victors, and the historical records of the Qin Dynasty are described by the Western Han Dynasty. You can think of the reference value of this historical record, just like the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty."

"Each dynasty since the Han Dynasty has vigorously promoted Qin Shihuang's cruelty, harsh punishments, and militarism, artificially amplifying Qin Shihuang's negative image, smearing, and vilifying him."

"In order to flatter the rulers of that dynasty, famous scholars in Sinology represented by "On the Passage of Qin" written by Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty, and then in order to promote benevolent governance, most of the dynasties held a completely negative attitude towards Qin Shihuang, so that later generations only left Qin Shihuang with The impression of a "tyrant"."

"Burning books and humiliating Confucians seems wrong today, but when evaluating historical figures, one must have historical materialism. One cannot comment from today's point of view, let alone God's perspective. One must look at it from the thinking and perspective of people at that time."

"Actually, it is true that Qin Shihuang burned books, but he did not burn the books of all people in the world. The extermination of Confucianism was probably an incident that was smeared by future generations, because the people who killed were warlocks."

"Why do I think this is a problem and not a fault? Because you are too discrediting the First Emperor."

""Burning books" and "consecrating Confucians" are actually two issues."

"In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang, that is, 213 BC, Ying Zheng held a banquet with officials in Xianyang Palace. Seventy doctors praised Qin Shihuang to his face."

"Zhou Qingchen believes that in the past, the land of Qin was no more than a thousand miles away. Now that the six kingdoms have been unified and the system of prefectures and counties has been changed to a feudal system, the world's peace and happiness all depend on the power of Qin Shihuang."

"However, a doctor named Chun Yuyue criticized Zhou Qingchen for flattering Qin Shihuang in person. He even believed that the system of prefectures and counties was not good, and that we should learn from the enfeoffment system of our predecessors, so that long-term peace and stability could be achieved. The so-called "Those who can achieve long-lasting results without following the ancients are That’s what I heard.”

"So Qin Shihuang asked everyone to discuss and come up with a solution."

"Li Si believes that all history books in the world should be burned except for the history of Qin, "Poems", "Books", and books of hundreds of schools of thought, and formulated a series of punitive measures. Those who do not burn or keep them privately have corresponding punishments. In the end, only books on medicine, divination and tree planting remained.”

"Shang Yang also mentioned the matter of book burning back then. To put it bluntly, it was all for the convenience of management. The so-called "fooling the head of Guizhou" was to fool the people and prevent them from knowing too much. Otherwise, the six countries would be in chaos, which would not be good for anyone. .”

"Of course, burning books is wrong. It does great harm to a country's culture, but from the perspective of Qin Shihuang, this is a good idea. For the sake of his eternal foundation, he also "received the soldiers of the world."

"So, Qin Shihuang adopted Li Si's suggestion, which was to burn books."

"Actually, many books also had their records and were hidden in the Royal Library of Xianyang Palace. However, Xiang Yu later burned them on fire, destroying many books."