In the Southern Song Dynasty, I competed with Mongolia for the world

Chapter 331 A machine tool beyond the times
At that time, the number of craftsmen in the Song Dynasty was less than one-tenth of what it is now.

After Zhao Yurui ascended the throne, he vigorously improved the treatment of craftsmen, recruited all state-owned craftsmen as officials, promoted officials among them, and received continuous financial and raw material support.

Now Zhao and Rui's Song Dynasty makes about 1000 million walking bows, 100 million divine arm bows, and 200 million powerful crossbows every year.

Zhao Yurui's craftsmen are ten times more than before, but the output is not as good as before, because now he has higher standards and better quality for bows, and there are a large number of craftsmen who use them in armor, artillery, forging, and even other tools.

If [-] craftsmen and [-] workers were to be allocated, only [-] new walking bows could be made in a year.

The same craftsmen and workers can make more than 20 ordinary walking bows per year.

If the Song Dynasty had gone all out, it would have made more bows, but there were too many bows to use, and there weren't too many bow strings, so the number has basically remained at this level now.

Zhao Yurui currently has just over 100 million soldiers and horses in the country, and each of them can get more than a dozen bows and crossbows made every year.

It sounds like a lot, but bows and arrows are consumed very quickly when fighting. Many times after a battle, many of the divine arm bows and powerful crossbows on site will be broken. The walking bow is slightly more durable, but the bowstring is also broken. It breaks easily and requires a lot of replacement bow strings every year.

Therefore, officials believe that building a new walking bow is time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive.

Among them, whether they are made of mulberry silk strings or beef backbones and tendons, they are both expensive.

Secondly, the string of this new style of walking bow is too long and needs to be broken in with the pulley, so it is easier to break and requires more frequent replacement.

After listening, Zhao and Rui understood that the new type of walking bow was powerful, had a long range, was effortless, and easy to use, but it was difficult to build, expensive, and prone to wear and tear. The advantages and disadvantages were obvious.

With the current national strength and materials of the Song Dynasty, it can be fully built, but it will consume more manpower and material resources.

Now that Zhao Yurui has been on the throne for several years, more than ten million guns are used to build armaments every year. The entire army uses the best armor and weapons. Thousands of cannons are built every year, but it is still not enough.

Zhao Yurui now has money and enough craftsmen, but not enough supplies.

The output of the entire Song Dynasty, even with Korea and Japan constantly trading with the Song Dynasty, was not enough for him.

After all, the national power of the Song Dynasty has increased, the people are less stressed, and their lives are better than before. The people also need to use various iron tools. The steel output of the Song Dynasty, plus the trade, will not be used and made in the country. .

For example, take arrow feathers. The Song Dynasty now produces tens of millions of arrows every year, but the supply of feathers is insufficient. All kinds of feathers are used, but it is still not enough.

There are many types of arrow feathers in the Song Army, and they are divided into grades.

The best is the carved feather, which was used less by the Song army and more by the Mongolian army. The carved feather is also divided into flight feathers, outer coverts, shoulder feathers, upper tail coverts, upper tail coverts, inner coverts and chest feathers, etc.

The best ones are naturally Feiyu, which uses heavy arrows that are more than one stone bow.

Next are the feathers of other large birds, such as bustard feathers. The bustard is a bird that is similar to a goose but larger than a goose.

Then there are chicken feathers, but this does not refer to domestic chickens, but to pheasants, which are also called pheasants.

In addition, there are wild goose feathers and crane feathers (many arrows made in Fujian during the Song Dynasty were made of crane feathers), pheasant feathers, goose feathers, and sea goose feathers (which were also more commonly made in Fujian and Guangxi). These are more commonly used. In addition, the feathers of birds such as pheasants, swans (swans), storks, ducks (wild ducks), wagtails (wagtails), cormorants, peacocks, owl and other birds can also be used as arrow feathers.

Before Zhao Yurui ascended the throne, the two Song dynasties had the ability to produce tens of millions of arrows and feathers annually, and all that could be used were used.

After Zhao Yurui became emperor, bows and crossbows were used to the extreme in the army and became more practical.

There was production in the two Song dynasties in the past, but only a small amount was actually used on the battlefield, and the quality was not that good.

Now when Zhao Yurui fights, it's like a rain of arrows. They keep shooting, and the arrows consume a lot of money.

Therefore, in order to save feathers, some of Zhao Yurui's divine arm bows were replaced with wind feather arrows without feathers. For this reason, the range was also reduced.

There's really no way around it. Some materials have limited output, so you can't build as much as you want.

This is already considered the strongest productivity in this world and even in the next few hundred years.

再看100年后欧洲大英帝国的数据：“1359年，英国总产量85万支箭，2万张弓、5万根弓弦。”

A hundred years later, in Europe and Britain, the annual output was far less than one-tenth of that of a province in the Song Dynasty at that time.

During the Song Dynasty, Sichuan Province produced hundreds of thousands of crossbows and millions of arrows.

The "number" in the history books doesn't say much, but it must be at least more than "two" to be considered a "number".

That must be more than ten times stronger than the UK.

This time Zhao Yurui produced a new walking bow. In the future, he will be more powerful with arrows, and the combat effectiveness of the army will become stronger.

The range of the new walking bow is similar to that of the God's Arm Bow, and its rate of fire is even higher than that of the God's Arm Bow. It is also labor-saving and is definitely a big killer.

After Zhao and Rui tried out the new compound bow, they asked the generals on the scene to take turns shooting. Everyone unanimously praised it. It requires very little effort and effortless. In a battle, it can shoot hundreds of arrows continuously.

Of course, if you shoot hundreds of arrows in a row, the bow will probably explode immediately.

Deputy Commander Meng Chen said directly: "Your Majesty can make this new type of walking bow. Coupled with the divine arm bow and walking bow, it will be invincible."

At that time, the strong crossbow can be eliminated and there is no need to build another strong crossbow.

The powerful crossbow is also difficult to build and the cost is high. Its key range and rate of fire are incomparable to these two.

Zhao Yurui thought for a while and ordered another [-] craftsmen and [-] workers to be assigned to produce [-] pieces per year.

Everyone quickly left the square, and Zhao Yurui followed Liu Fu and other officials to a river.

A relatively large hydraulic vehicle was built by the river.

There was a tall shed next to the waterwheel, and it was very busy with people coming and going. When they saw the emperor coming, everyone stopped what they were doing.

Zhao Yurui, led by Liu Fu, first looked at the surrounding area. The Craftsmanship Bureau built two medium-sized reservoirs on the south bank of the river specifically for water storage.

Under the dam is where the shed is located and where the hydraulic machine tools are tested.

Yes, Zhao and Rui's craftsmanship bureau is trying to build hydraulic machine tools.

It's not that Zhao Yurui will build a fire gun right away. According to his current tactics, after the new compound bow comes out, combined with the original equipment, it will be enough to defeat Mongolia.

But hydraulic machinery can be built, which facilitates the construction of many soldiers and armors.

At present, the craftsmanship bureau is trial-manufacturing hydraulic drilling machines and hydraulic casting (stamping) machines, which are currently in the trial and improvement stage.

What Zhao and Rui saw first was a hydraulic drilling machine. The machine body was made of ironwood and pig iron. There was a huge stone plate near the river, which was the main component for generating power.

When there was no water power, the stone plate needed four oxen to pull it around, so Zhao Yurui joked that it had the power of four oxen.

Based on the pulling force of [-] to [-] kilograms per cow, it takes [-] to [-] kilograms to pull.

On the machine tool, there are several metal gears from later generations installed. It was originally the best and most labor-saving to use chains between the gears, but now it is difficult to make, so we can only temporarily use cowhide instead. The disadvantages are insufficient strength, low efficiency, and high loss. .

At this time Liu Fu came up and explained to Zhao Yurui who was watching the gears.

The gears are made of hardened steel, which is still poured into a mold, and then polished by hand. This polishing will be slower.

Fortunately, the gears are not used much, but they are not difficult either.

A machine has six gears, two pairs of which are gear cogs of different sizes, and the other pair is connected by cowhide.

As he spoke, Liu Fu waved his hand to indicate that the water would be released.

With the action of water power, the huge stone plate began to rotate, buzzing, and soon drove the gears to accelerate.

The drill bit fixed on the anvil began to circle in place.

At the same time, the cooling device connected to the upper part by bamboo pipes sprayed water below.

Many civil and military officials at the scene were the first to see it, and they were very surprised because it was fully automatic.

Someone immediately asked, why did this stone plate move?

What is a drill used for?

Liu Fu patiently explained to others, and from time to time he would mention that it was His Majesty's guidance that led us to create it.

He was not flattering, indeed many of them were made after Zhao and Rui drew pictures and explained them.

"Drill a hole and try." Zhao Yurui smiled at this time.

Liu Fu immediately arranged for someone to bring a thick iron plate.

Then, in full view of everyone, the drill bit went in with a swish, swish, swish, and in a moment a hole was drilled.

"Wow." There was surprise all around, and everyone had incredible expressions on their faces.

This is a huge progress for the industry of the Song Dynasty. It does not necessarily mean that it must be used in making guns. After the drilling machine comes out, the construction of many tools and equipment can save manpower and material resources.

Liu Fu also talked about the advantages and disadvantages at this time. Needless to say, the advantages are that it saves labor and labor, and the drill bit size can be changed. You can use whatever drill bit you want to drill as big a hole as you want.

The only thing missing is a waste of drill bits.

At this time, drill bits could only use hundreds of refined steel, unlike later generations that had cemented carbide such as tungsten carbide and cobalt.

This is already the best material available. It will take a while to drill a hole like this. If you drill continuously, it will be worn out very quickly.

If you really want to do it in large quantities, you will consume a lot of drill bits every day.

Fortunately, in the past, drill bits were slowly made by hand, but now they can be made with hydraulic machine tools.

"This is called a hydraulic machine." At this time, Zhao Yurui turned to Zhu Wenwu and said, "Don't look at it. He can only drill holes now, change parts and workbench, and he can also do other things."

After that, he led everyone to the other side.

This is almost a hydraulic machine, but the workbench above is different.

Everyone saw a larger, but relatively thin, gear standing in the middle of the workbench, with half of it exposed, and gears installed on both sides of the middle.

Someone on the river bank adjusted the direction of the water flow.

As the machine started, the gear began to rotate at a medium speed.

This speed cannot be compared with later generations of electricity, but it is already pretty good.

A craftsman brought a piece of wood and slowly pushed it up. "Zhi Zhi Zhi"

Sawdust was flying at the scene, and the large piece of wood was cut into two at a speed visible to the naked eye.

Wow, the scene exclaimed again, it was really eye-opening.

After Zhao Yurui's new cutting machine came out, the efficiency of building carriages has improved a lot, and it can also cut the same metal.

Of course, he also has a huge problem, gear consumption.

This kind of large gear is more difficult to make, and it is not easy to make a qualified one, so Zhao Yurui tries not to use it to cut metal, but wood.

Most of the parts in the craftsman bureau now use the molding method and are then polished by hand. After Zhao Yurui got a hydraulic machine tool, he wanted to build a polishing machine, but the problem of material cannot be solved yet, so he can only rely on workers' manual work, which is very time-consuming. Effortless.

After reading it, Zhao Yurui said, "Bring a pen and paper."

Liu Fu's eyes lit up, and someone behind him was already ready, and he quickly handed over pen and paper.

This pen is commonly used by the Song Dynasty military. It is relatively soft and brittle and easy to break. Many people are not used to using it at first, but it is easy to carry. Later, more and more people use it.

Every time the Sentinel Cavalry of the Song Army arrived at a place, they had to use this money to draw the local map, which was quite convenient.

Zhao Yurui carefully held the charcoal pen and drew several pictures on the paper.

Craftsmen gathered around, as did civil and military officials.

When Zhao Yurui saw this, he was dissatisfied and said, "Get out of here and let the craftsmen come up."

All the civil and military officials looked embarrassed and quickly retreated.

This is an official painting for the craftsmen to see, and they have to give way.

"This is called a chain. It is made up of many parts. There are two holes in the middle. The sides can be fixed. One section after another, it can be pulled out to a long length."

When the Song army used horse-drawn carriage formations, they would also use iron chains. They were all old-fashioned iron chains, and they were locked in a circle to prevent the opponent from moving.

Now this chain is obviously different from the iron chain, but the craftsmen can see that they have the same purpose but the same purpose.

The iron chain is made up of iron rings connected one by one.

The chain is obviously more difficult to make. Fortunately, you can also use the molding method. After the drill bit comes out, you can use the drill bit to create a mold for the holes on both sides, and then pour the mold. Of course, the manual polishing will take longer.

This kind of chain is mainly used in machinery, which can bring greater power and efficiency, so its demand is not great.

Of course, whether the craftsmen can build it according to Zhao Yurui's requirements is another matter.

Zhao Yurui was not very demanding and gave them enough time to slowly polish their research.

After talking to the craftsmen, Zhao Yurui pointed to the machinery on site and said to Xiao Zhao Qi: "Technology is the primary force. People must understand ideas and dare to innovate. With new inventions and new machinery, our productivity in the Song Dynasty will be great." Only then can we truly be far ahead.”

Xiao Zhao Qi seemed to understand, but nodded anyway. However, he just saw the operation of these machines. He really couldn't see them in other places, and he found it very interesting.

Zhao Yurui talked a lot to Xiao Zhao Qi on the spot. The officials and craftsmen stood by and listened blankly. It felt like the officials were talking to them, and they seemed to be really educating Xiao Zhao Qi. .

Anyway, Zhao Yurui didn't know if his son had listened. After some cramming, he hurried to the next venue.

This time I went to the place where the carriage was built.

The Song army used horse-drawn carriage formations to fight the Mongolian army, and there would be some improvements after each battle.

Including the best height, side defenses, pointed guns on top, infantry camp weapons, etc., have all been modified.

Recently, the Craftsmanship Bureau has modified the rifles of the infantry battalions, adding a lance hook on the front.

Because when the Mongolian army boarded the carriage, it was a common insidious tactic used by the Song army to stab their feet with long spears.

But the long spear must be accurate when poking the legs and feet. Later, someone thought, why not use the long spear used by the cavalry, the kind with a hook, to directly hook the legs?

So the Song army immediately improved and began to build long hooked spears at the infantry camp behind the carriage formation. The Mongolian army climbed onto the carriage and directly hooked their feet, which was very convenient.

This time, the craftsmanship bureau installed steel gears on the new carriage, paired with large and small gears, which can drive the carriage wheels to rotate faster.

Now the Song Army's carriages are getting faster and faster, and their load-bearing capacity is also increasing. The only problem is the usability of the wheels.

Before the rubber came out, long-distance marches and bad roads would require constant repairs or even replacements on the road.

Because the gears were not easy to make and had to be ground by hand, Zhao Yurui still planned to only use them in the artillery camp.

The artillery mounts of the artillery camp and the carriages transporting artillery shells and gunpowder are given priority.

That morning, Zhao Yurui took his son around the Craftsmanship Bureau and the Firearms Bureau, looking at a lot of new gadgets. Some things have just been invented and are still being improved. They may not be used in the short term, and some things may be available soon. Just equip it.

Zhao Yurui still followed the same old routine. They gave heavy rewards to some innovative inventions on the spot, and were promoted and given bonuses. The craftsmen and workers cheered and shouted that His Majesty is wise.

After leaving the craftsmanship bureau and the firearms bureau, Zhao Yurui came to another place to the west of the firearms bureau.

This is his temporary office space in the Craftsmanship Bureau and the Firearms Bureau, because every time he comes out, he will summon some officials from the two bureaus here to discuss work or craft matters.

There are two people waiting for him here today.

One is a good friend of the people of the Song Dynasty, the food businessman Pu Heli, and the other is Pu Shougeng, an official of the Quanzhou Shipping Department.

In the early sixth year of Baoqing's reign, Pu Heli went to Beijing in person to seek an official position for Pu Shougeng, and Zhao Yurui agreed.

At that time, he also asked Pu Heli to help him find craftsmen and technicians in Dashi, Persia and other places. Pu Heli came here to hand over the task this time.

"Greetings to your Majesty, long live your Majesty. Long live your Majesty." Pu Shougeng knelt down quickly when he saw the emperor, but he felt that the emperor's eyes were unfriendly.

He definitely didn't know that Zhao Yurui was thinking about whether to kill his whole family, this famous young man in the late Song Dynasty.

He would have no chance to betray the Song Dynasty in the future. Zhao Yurui could only remind himself secretly, and then look back at his son, Zhao Qi, if he couldn't let his sons ransack his house in the future.

"Pu Qing, please get up." Zhao Yurui said politely, and then asked someone to give him a seat.

Little Zhao Qi also sat next to his father, looking at them with curious eyes.

In the past two years, Pu Shougeng has occupied an official position in the Shipping Department, and his business has grown bigger and bigger, similar to that in history, and he has begun to embark on the road to prosperity.

"Your Majesty." Of course Pu Shougeng knew where everything he had came from. Without saying anything, he took something out of his sleeve and contributed it first.

Behind Zhao Yurui, the chamberlain Hu Song stepped forward to take it, opened it first, and then handed it to Zhao Yurui.

Zhao Yurui held it in his hand and felt the familiar smell. It was asphalt from Persia, obtained after petroleum processing.

In the eighth century, asphalt was used to pave roads in the newly built city of Baghdad. In the ninth century AD, people developed oil fields in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, to produce oil.

There is such an early record of the use of oil in foreign countries, and the Song Dynasty only used it in large quantities in the military because of Zhao Yurui's attention.

In Zhao Yurui's memory, the famous Daqing, Changqing and Tarim oil fields in China are not in his control area.

Only the second largest Shengli Oilfield is in Binzhou, Shandong Province, because he had a roommate in college who was from Binzhou.

But Zhao Yurui didn't learn this in his previous life, so he didn't know where in Binzhou he was. In the past few years, he had sent people to investigate everywhere, but there was no harvest yet. After all, the technology in this era was limited, and there were no professional talents.

But Binzhou is only so big. If you give Zhao Yurui some time, maybe you can still find it.

Pu Heli recommended Pu Shougeng to Zhao Yurui, which meant the talents and materials the emperor needed. Pu Shougeng had been working hard to help in the past two years.

This time, the two families came with nearly a hundred large ships, transporting more than 4 barrels of oil from the Persian region, about 400 million kilograms (here we do not use volume but weight).

Pu Heli came to the Song Dynasty two years ago and transported 200 million jins. This time, including Pu Shougeng, it was 400 million jins.

It sounds like a lot, but the Song Army recently used oil in their wars, which was consumed very quickly, and they needed hundreds of large ships to travel long distances. One or two large oil tankers would be enough for future generations.

Of course, Zhao Yurui will praise him well, and will bring back the silk, tea, ceramics and other items they need so that they will not suffer any loss.

The most important thing this time is that the two brought news and there were many craftsmen.

When Puheli came last time, the local rule of the Mongolian army was relatively stable, and no one was dissatisfied. This time, Zalandin jumped out of Persia. Zalandin somehow managed to conquer the east and west, and suddenly became the whole of Western Persia ( The master of Qi'erman, Fars, Ishaq Azmi and Azher Byzant), he made Isfahan and Taoli Temple [Tabili Temple] his capital, part of the original Khwarezm Kingdom The land was restored, just slightly to the west.

Then on April 1230, 4, after a long-term siege of the Stash Fortress, the fortress (in the northwest of Lake Van, in Armenia) was captured from the Ayyubid Sultan al-Assif of Damascus.

Although he was later defeated once by the alliance between Al-Assif and the Turkic King of Asia Minor (Konya Sultanate) and Seljuk Sultan Kaiqubad, he is still the strongest force in Western Persia. It affected Mongolia's dominance in Persia.

After Ogedai took office, he immediately sent 3 Mongolian troops under the command of Choermahan into Persia. The Mongolian army fought a speed war and arrived at Zalandin's territory in lightning speed before Zalandin could gather his troops. After fleeing, the Mongolian army's light cavalry chased him all the way. Finally, he was murdered by Kurdish farmers in the Diyarbakır Mountains last September and died inexplicably.

After Choermahan defeated Zalandin, he continued to loot the border of Mesopotamia, causing great chaos in the area.

Now is the time when Choermahan is showing off his military power in Persia. The Mongolian army is so powerful and intimidating that all the local ministries and kingdoms dare not disobey.

At the end of the sentence, Pu Heli said with an exaggerated expression: "I met a Persian businessman who said this to me."

The Persian businessman said to Pu Heli: "It's hard to believe what I heard. The terror of the Mongolian Tatars has made Allah penetrate into everyone's heart. It is said that a Tatar cavalry (Mongolian army) entered alone In a densely populated village, the villagers were killed one after another, but no one dared to resist.

I also heard that there was a Tatar who had no weapons and wanted to kill the person he captured. So he ordered him to lie on the ground and went to find a knife. He came back to kill the man, but the man did not dare to escape.

Finally, the businessman said: "I was traveling with 17 people. I saw a Tatar cavalry arriving. He ordered us to tie each other's hands behind our backs. My companions all obeyed. I told them that he was only one person and should be killed and fled. My companions replied, 'We are very afraid', and I encouraged them that he will kill you, let us kill him first, maybe Allah will save us. However, no one dared to kill him. So I used The knife killed him and we escaped safely."

Zhao Yurui looked incredulous when he heard this.

When he heard the last part, he suddenly called his son Xiao Zhao Qi over: "Say the next part again."

Pu Heli said again, the businessman was traveling with seventeen people and met a Mongolian army.

The Mongolian army asked them to tie their hands behind each other's backs. All seventeen of them obeyed. Only the businessman said, "There is only one Mongolian soldier. If we want to kill him, we can escape." But no one among the seventeen men dared.

In the end, the businessman secretly took out a knife, attacked from behind, and killed the Mongolian soldier, and then everyone escaped.

The cruelty and violence of the Mongolian army had shocked the entire Persian area, and ordinary local people did not dare to resist.

"Did you hear that?" Zhao Yurui said to his son at this time: "If we are all like docile sheep and can only be slaughtered by others, we must be more barbaric than the barbarians. In the future, when we enter the grassland, we will definitely We must make the Montars regret their cruelty."

Xiao Zhao Qi stared at his big innocent eyes, only nodded, with a confused look on his face.

(End of this chapter)