national surname chiming

Chapter 483 Advance in Running-In
The prince has already spoken, and of course the people below will lose their legs.

Therefore, only two days after Zhu Shuren interviewed Sun Jiaji, Ying Tianfu sent several Cao officials who performed better in the initial stage of the reform of "abolishing Ding and dividing nationality" to Nanjing City, and Zhu Shuren interviewed and questioned them and reported their experiences. .

And Zhu Shuren would of course look at the list and resume before the interview, and then he really found something that surprised him.

"Hucao in Liyang County, Yuyao County in Shaoxing Prefecture, Yao Qisheng? Only a 38-year-old can be a candidate? Tsk tsk, it is quite difficult to apply for the exam. It really is not material for reading sage books.

Sun Jiaji seems to be from Yuyao, Shaoxing, is he still from the same hometown?Could it be that for the sake of my fellow countrymen, I gave a little support if I could? "

When seeing Yao Qisheng's name, Zhu Shuren also felt a sense of vicissitudes.

Of course he knew that this guy had historically helped the dog tartars fight against Zheng Chenggong, and that this person's official career was not smooth at the beginning under Kangxi's subordinates in history. After all, he was not a student. , Was dismissed from office and went to business-these historical knowledge is not a partial content, even if you have not read history books, as long as later generations have read a few Qing palace dramas during the Kangxi period, you will basically know it.

However, Zhu Shuren also understood that now that the Great Ming Dynasty had been restored to its original state, it would be inevitable to use those literati who were originally in the Qing Dynasty in history.After all, you can't ask those people who became officials after the Ming Dynasty didn't exist in history not to be officials in the Qing Dynasty for the rest of their lives, right?
Therefore, Zhu Shuren can only suppress the disgust in his heart and set a relatively low moral standard: if a person becomes a second minister, receives the national grace of Ming Dynasty, and then votes for the imperial examination in Ming Dynasty, then obviously Sin is a little heavier.If a person has never been honored by the state in the Ming Dynasty, was not selected for meritorious service, and only passed the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty, then there is no way to criticize him too much.

Food for the king, loyalty to the king.

Those who have never been paid, just need to be loyal to the national integrity, but they don't have to be loyal to the family.

In the book that Zhu Shuren asked Gu Yanwu to ghostwrite, it was also written in the same way, "Those who subjugate the country, those who eat meat seek it, and those who subjugate the world, everyone is responsible." Of course, he must uphold his own principles of life and employment.

……

Let's gossip, let's say that after Zhu Shuren suppressed his displeasure with "using the people who helped and abused the emperor in history", he chose to summon Yao Qisheng with a pleasant face.

Yao Qisheng heard that he had performed well in helping to promote the separation of workers and peasants in Liyang County, and he was flattered to be summoned by the regent. He was already mentally prepared to be a dog before he entered the door.

He knows very well that with a personality like his own, he doesn't like seniority in the officialdom. He is also an official and a businessman, and his family also runs a little maritime trade and a small business, but he can't even get a Jinshi in his studies. Such a person, the prince will use you what?That must require you to bite people!

If you don't have this awareness, don't covet this wealth!
So, as soon as he entered the door, Yao Qisheng finished his salute, and after a few simple words of praise, Zhu Shuren could already hear that the other party was a smart person, and he was not afraid of getting dirty in his work.

Zhu Shuren gave some sweetness first: "I heard that although you are not good at reading, you know a lot about arithmetic and business, and you have dabbled in maritime business at home?"

Yao Qisheng quickly admitted: "Students in the field of classics and history are clumsy in talent, and I am really ashamed."

Zhu Shuren waved his hand: "There's nothing to be ashamed of. I'm also from a family of maritime merchants, and I don't like to study corrupt Confucianism."

Yao Qisheng immediately knelt down and sang praises: "How dare you compare with the prince! The prince is extremely talented and decisive. Although he doesn't like rotten Confucianism, he only needs to devote a little energy to dabble in it, and he can still get two Jinshi back then.

Students, however, spend at least half of their energy in their lives, and they can't get it if they want to be promoted together. "

Zhu Shuren smiled: "I heard that you are from Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, and Guzhi's wife is also from Yuyao County. The cabinet minister Zhang Ge and the governor of Ying Tiansun's house are also from Yuyao County. It seems that Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture is good at giving money and food. The enabling hand."

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the masters of Shaoxing were very famous for their ability to collect money and grain.Many officials of science and Taoism who were born as Jinshi in the second list are bad at mathematics. When they go to the local area, they have to rely on Master Shaoxing to settle accounts and collect taxes.

At that time, Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, was known as the place with the best mathematics in the country. All kinds of tax avoidance methods and tax avoidance methods first emerged from Yuyao people's circle.

If accountants who evaded taxes in that era were also imprisoned, at least [-]% of the accountants in prison were accountants.

But Yao Qisheng heard that the regent was so flattering, and even investigated his hometown, and he became more energetic immediately, ready to show off his strengths: "Your Highness manages a lot of things every day, but he even knows the student's hometown, and the virtue of being a corporal is unparalleled in ancient and modern times! The student is really impressed. Within five!"

Zhu Shuren waved his hand, indicating that the other party doesn't need to come here, and quickly got to the point: "I don't talk about etiquette today, I don't have so much time.

Since you have performed outstandingly in Liyang County, then you can talk about it: this method of separating workers and peasants and abolishing all members is now being tried, but is there still some slight inappropriateness?How to deal with possible resistance. "

Yao Qisheng knew that the opportunity was rare, so he didn't hide it. He had done his homework before coming, so after taking a deep breath, he said firmly:
"Students think that since ancient times, reforms have involved financial and tax interests. They are either not good for officials or not good for the people. It is easier to succeed if you choose one of the two. If the government and the people are not good for both, and only benefit the monarch, then it is Han Fei's law, too. Too ideal, but difficult to implement.

The husband's pearl and jade are what the owner is anxious about.Although harmony presents the raw but not the beauty, it is not the harm of the master, but it is still a matter of cutting off the two feet and making the treasure.Today, when it comes to mantras, the ministers are not allowed to make arbitrary decisions, and the old learners dare not sell the heavy ones.Its backlash must be heavier than 'cutting two feet'.Han Fei had to be cautious about what he said through Bian He's mouth. "

Yao Qisheng's words were a little out of the bag, but Zhu Shuren was also a scholar in the second list, so there was no obstacle in understanding.

The most fearful thing about idealistic reform is to achieve it in one step, and then offend both the ministers and gentry of the court and the people at the same time. In the end, it will only benefit the emperor alone, and it will be easy to be backlashed.

People like Shang Yang and Han Fei all died badly, and their eagerness for success accounted for at least a small part of the reason.

However, Zhu Shuren didn't feel that he offended everyone at the same time, so he asked calmly, "Why do you think this reform has offended the gentry and the common people at the same time? This law is obviously beneficial to the common people. The small tax did not increase the burden at all! The extra money and food also replaced the corvee they were supposed to serve, no matter how you look at it, the burden is only reduced rather than increased.”

Yao Qisheng said euphemistically: "Your Highness is benevolent and loves the people. How can students not know this, but the law of the 'lower limit of farmland for common people' set by His Highness has not been officially implemented this year, but in the future it will eventually increase the burden on self-cultivators with less land. Similar So it went back to the land occupation system and the land equalization system in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Under the land-occupying system and the equal-field system, the imperial court also approved the amount of land that each Dingkou should occupy theoretically, and paid the land tax according to the theoretical value, but the index was relatively high at that time. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhengding accounted for [-] Han mu, and in the early Tang Dynasty accounted for [-] Han mu. Mu, which is equivalent to the area of ​​Daming today, is about [-] mu.

The lower limit set by His Highness is only half looser than that of the Tang Dynasty.But in the final analysis, this lower limit was previously unknown in the Ming Dynasty, and the ignorant people may not be able to understand His Highness's good intentions. Once there are complaints, they are used by the gentry to form a joint force, and it may not be easy to break them individually. "

Some gentry would definitely object, because Daming didn’t use gentry to pay rations to serve in the military, but now at least they have to pay rations and money. The gentry are at a loss in agricultural tax and service money.

If we do not set a lower tax area limit for those farmers who have only a little land, then the farmers will be 100% purely benefited this time and will not be encouraged.

With this lower limit, people with less than ten acres of paddy fields at home will not benefit purely and have to weigh it.Perhaps if there are only five or six mu, seven or eight mu, it can still be barely equal to what it was before the reform, because the grain tax for the extra few mu of land collected is roughly equivalent to the exempted poll tax.

However, if the whole family, one man and one woman, two adult laborers and two minor laborers, have a total of less than five acres of land, if they still insist on retaining their agricultural registration according to the new law, they should suffer a small loss.These people may be used by the gentry.

Although Zhu Shuren's force was strong, he could kill a group of gentry who took the lead in trouble, and then persuade the deceived people to go back, but it was a bit disgraceful after all.

Zhu Shuren saw that Yao Qisheng pointed out the line between the enemy and the enemy in the distribution of benefits, but he had to admit that the other party had done a thorough study on the division and research of the beneficiary groups of the new law.

However, Zhu Shuren insisted on setting a lower limit on the taxable area per mu of land for agricultural registration. Obviously, he had other considerations—in order to allow Daming to gradually start industrialization, he needed to squeeze out the inefficient agricultural population and make the fields relatively concentrated. The labor saturation of the labor force will not make farmers idle and have no land to plant.

He has calculated that with Daming's agricultural production efficiency, a family of two adults plus two children over the age of ten is more than enough to plant ten acres of paddy fields.No matter how few fields there are, the labor force of the common people will be wasted, and they will spend a lot of time basking in the sun before they have enough food.

The British on the other side of the mainland have been cannibalizing people for a full 150 years, and Ming has already started late in this regard.

If the agricultural population is not squeezed out, and an atmosphere that breaks the natural economy of small farmers is created, it may not be possible to achieve industrialization in Ming Dynasty by relying on the promotion of the upper echelon.

Zhu Shuren may be able to open and hang up when he is alive, but what about the people after him?If he wanted to go back to the old way, did Ming finally wait for the big powers to equalize the technology tree in the future?
Although the basic technology of Daming in this life is already good enough, even if Zhu Shuren's future generations are incompetent after a hundred years, it should not be obviously overtaken by the great powers. The enemy forms a clear generational advantage.But Zhu Shuren felt that this was not enough.

He hoped that the Great Ming would climb the technological and industrialization process, and that in the future, "Only the Great Ming is considered strong on earth, and there should be no other ranks."

Great powers?Who allowed you to list it?

Therefore, the national policy of guiding farmers who only farm a little to change their careers to become workers cannot be changed.Zhu Shuren is at least countless times gentler than the sheep cannibals in the UK—how can the UK protect the self-cultivator with only ten acres of land?

It's a pity that there are some things that Zhu Shuren is not suitable to say directly to people whose status is too low, so after pondering, he can only say: "There are other deep meanings to Gu's actions, and it's up to you to know."

Yao Qisheng pondered for a while, and after all, the adventurous spirit of chasing wealth and honor prevailed, which made him boldly speculate: "Students think that His Highness's so-called profound meaning is trying to force farmers to work?

This method is not difficult to guess. The student’s family has dabbled in maritime merchants. In recent years, the number of foreign merchants and craftsmen in our Ming Dynasty has increased day by day. The students have also communicated with the English people and learned that they have a kind of enclosure where "sheep eat people". It is to turn the small owner peasants into workers as much as possible..."

Zhu Shuren frowned slightly when he heard this, but did not refute.

Seeing that he had guessed a little bit, Yao Qisheng boldly continued: "If this is the case, the students think that the method of setting a lower limit for the area of ​​taxable land per household should indeed be implemented by His Highness, but the specific implementation method can still be considered.

For example, the reason why people in the world think that each household must plant at least ten acres of paddy fields or twenty acres of dry fields to saturate their labor force is mostly based on the plains, wilderness, and land fertile with fish and rice.

However, if it is a mountainous and rugged land with narrow and scattered land, it may not be possible to improve efficiency by forcing people with small land to sell their land to relocate and merge their fields.

What's more, in the rugged mountainous area, there are no prosperous cities and towns around, and there are few workshops. All the people have changed their agricultural registrations to work, and they may not be able to find work.According to the new law, all of them will be used as corvee, and it may not be necessary for so many people to serve long-distance corvee—at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang served in remote places, and the wear and tear on the way was too heavy. "

After Zhu Shuren heard it, he felt that it made sense.Indeed, what he thought at the beginning was that if the farmer's registration was forced to change, at least there would be a chance to eat public food and serve corvee.And from the perspective of the whole country, the corvee population will never have too much work to do——

Daming still has so much construction to do, and Zhu Shuren can still set up "state-owned enterprises" to accelerate industrialization.With the guidance of a hacker like him, there is no problem of nowhere for the surplus labor to go.

However, serving in different places and forcing people to relocate are indeed prone to trouble.Many people are unwilling to leave their hometown too far, and the time lost on the road will make people's hearts float.

This is not the 21st century. I have no complaints when I go to Guangdong to work in the Northeast, and I still feel that it is right to travel so far.People in this era are too relocated.If there is no crime, and the other party is forced to leave home thousands of miles, what is the difference between the exiled prisoner?
Even if Zhu Shuren was doing it for their own good, and felt that the ravines could not support so many people, and hoped that the people in the mountainous areas would move to nearby plain cities, there would still be people who resisted——

This point, even in the 21st century, in the final stage of poverty alleviation, there are many absolute poor people who would rather stay in the mountains than move out, even if they are allocated houses in the city for nothing.Some are old, illiterate, unable to integrate into the society, and prefer to grow and eat by themselves in the valley.

This is not a problem that can be solved in one generation.The literacy rate of Ming Dynasty was countless times worse than that of later generations.

Zhu Shuren finally realized that his steps were a little too long in some very small details.

(End of this chapter)