Forty-eight years of Qianlong

Chapter 281 Officer Training Course and Map Production
It was never before for Zhao Xin to sit in the training base in person, which made Beihai town tense up and down.In addition to the docks and workshops, the entire Beihai Town has become a large military camp this winter, and more than half of the population, men, women and children, are surrounding the training base.

And with large numbers of men drafted into the military, many jobs are now held by women.For example, the cigarette factory in charge of Shino now has only a group of old men in their fifties and sixties and a large number of women; the newly established quilt factory and match factory can't even see a man.

In modern and modern history, except for the war of all over the country, the limited conscription ratio is 2.5 per thousand.If recruited according to this ratio, they are generally high-quality and strong population and will not cause adverse effects on society; extensive conscription is almost [-]/[-], although the expansion of recruitment has led to a decline in the quality of troops and a longer training period, which is harmful to industry and agriculture. The impact is not a big problem.

But the recruitment ratio like "five draws and one" is a life-threatening game. Once you lose, it will be completely over.At present, Beihai Town is basically between "seven draws for one" and "six draws for one".

Zhao Xin has two purposes.One is that there are too few industrial workers in Beihai Town, with a total of only a thousand people, and the remaining tens of thousands are agricultural population; secondly, and the most core purpose, Zhao Xin wants to release women from housework through conscription.

The immigrants in Beihai Town are all based on families. Among the current population of nearly 10, adult women account for one-third.Apart from helping sowing and harvesting during the busy farming season, these people spent most of their time on the stove and the edge of the Kang.It would be a great waste to go on like this!
After setting up the shelf of the logistics command, Zhao Xin's second move was introduced.He set up "suggestion boxes" throughout the training base, and notified the entire army, and he could appeal through the "suggestion boxes" at any time for problems and opinions existing in the training.

The idea is very good, but the problem is that those guys who were obedient people under the rule of the Qing Dynasty last year and the year before, how dare they!So one or two months later, except for a few people who didn't pay attention to stuffing a note in the dark, most of the "suggestion boxes" are useless except for eating dirt.But that's all for later.

In October, Liu Sheng was sent to Fuerdan City to sit in town, and Sheng Haizhou, Hu Ji and other regimental and battalion-level officers all returned to Beihai Town to participate in a seven-day crash course.Zhao Xin was going to pick out suitable candidates from these people, and set up the shelf of the Beihai Town Staff Department first.

第一批参训军官的作息安排是这样的：早上05:30起床出操，围着训练基地的大操场跑五公里；06:30之前带回，整理内务吃早饭；八点开始体能和队列训练；十二点开饭；下午01:30开始上课；晚上六点开饭，07:30到09:30是小组学习讲评；十点熄灯睡觉。

In order to lead by example, Zhao Xin had no choice but to ask the orderly to wake him up every day, otherwise he would really not be able to get up!As a result, after running five kilometers on the first day, Zhao Xin was almost exhausted.After running for four or five days in a row, I gradually got used to it.It's easy to talk about setting an example, but you really have to participate in it yourself. Only you know the bitterness and suffering.

Zhao Xin personally participated in the exercise, and those battalion-level officers who wanted to be lazy did not dare to slack off anymore, and returned to the days when they were the first soldiers.

A few days after the training class started, there was a lot of discussion among the recruits.They originally thought that the officials and masters in Beihai Town were like the military officers who lead the Qing Dynasty.Who would have thought that the officers would get up earlier than them every day, and eat three meals a day in the large cafeteria of the training base.This made many recruits from Henan stare out their eyes.

The curriculum and textbooks of the training class were all extracted by Zhao Xin from military textbooks in another time and space. An outline was sent out before class every day, and everyone had to take notes.

After spending one day explaining the purpose of war, what is national liberation and other broad and broad concepts, from the second day on, Zhao Xin's course entered the substantive stage, and Wang, who was freed from heavy logistical affairs, Yuan Fang and Wu Siyu also ran over to listen while they were free.

"In terms of strategy, no matter how advantageous the offense is, neither side can continue to attack endlessly throughout the course of the war. No one in this world dares to say that they can only attack but not defend. Then defense can be divided into lazy defense and active defense."

In the classroom, except for Zhao Xin who was standing in front, everyone was immersed in taking notes.

"Therefore, a qualified general must master the transition between offense and defense, especially to seize the initiative on the battlefield during defensive operations."

Zhao Xin put down the chalk in his hand, and said to everyone in the room: "Now take a 10-minute break, and continue to talk about military operations research in the next hour."

In setting up the course of military operations research, Zhao Xin actually wanted to cultivate and discover junior staff personnel.If we really talked about "operations research" step by step, everyone present would probably be blinded.

For these guys who only have elementary school mathematics level, linear programming, integer programming, etc. are completely equivalent to heavenly scriptures. Except for Zhao Xin himself on the podium, no one else can understand a word.

So Zhao Xin can only talk about the cases, such as Tian Ji's horse race, Cao GUI's debate, the battle of Ma Ling, etc., and then make a specific analysis based on "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and Tang Shunzhi's "Wu Bian".After each class, you have to assign homework, write your own analysis of the cases you have talked about, and have to discuss in groups when you return to the dormitory at night.

In short, with the beginning of the first short-term officer training class, the prototype of a modern army began to slowly take shape in Beihai Town.

There is a long way to go!
In mid-October, it was snowing heavily in Beihai Town.A group of battalion-level officers who had completed the training returned to their respective units after completing the examination, and then changed to a wave of deputies to continue the class.Those who failed the exam were kept and continued to attend the next training class.

Not surprisingly, Sheng Haizhou was left behind, and he was the only one who could barely meet the qualifications of a staff officer among those who participated in the first training session.He has read books, worked as an accountant for a feudal lord, and fought a few battles; as for the others, they haven't read all the words yet!
What surprised Zhao Xin the most was that the children in the Junior Military Academy were full of thirst for knowledge.According to the evaluation of later generations, these children have just completed the curriculum of the fourth grade of elementary school, but at the moment they are generals in a slump, and they can barely use it.

So Sheng Haizhou took a dozen and a half children every day, and started the arduous process of forming the Beihai Navy staff team.

Since you want to be a consultant, you must first have a map, otherwise you won't even be able to do map work.Sheng Haizhou really couldn't play this matter, he asked Zhao Xin for help, and Zhao Xin recommended someone to him-Lin Ziping.

It is said that although Zhao Xin has a map of later generations in his hand, he does not want to take it out. One is that the topography and landforms on it have undergone many changes, and the other is that it is impossible to always take things that are ready-made in another time and space. Beihai Town must have its own measurement team.

Let's talk about Lin Ziping.Because of his solid Sinology foundation, the old man took Sato Nobubuchi to learn Mandarin in the advanced class for more than ten days, and he was able to carry out some simple conversations.

But when Sheng Haizhou came to him, the old man fell silent when he heard that he was making a map.

"I can't do this on my own. We must have people who are proficient in astronomy and calendar. If Zhao Dian can get all the men and horses together, according to my estimation, it will take several years to complete this matter."

Sheng Haizhou rolled his eyes, how many years? !Cucumber dishes are cold!

He had heard of Lin Ziping's name a long time ago, and at this moment, behaved like a schoolboy, he bowed and asked, "Can you please explain a little bit, sir?"

"A few years ago, my husband talked about this with Matsuoka Noichi and Asada Goritsu. We all hope to make a new national map. The problem is that there are insufficient observation equipment. If it is a simple ground measurement, the farther away the error will be Big. According to Mr. Asada, it is best to measure the distance on the ground through the observation of Beichen."

The two people mentioned above by Lin Ziping were both mathematicians and astronomers in the middle Edo period.As for the observation of the North Star, in fact, it is necessary to measure the latitude of the earth through the observation of the height and angle of the Polaris.

These are all god horses and god horses!When the bewildered Sheng Haizhou went back to tell Zhao Xin with the question, Zhao Xin laughed.He then found a blank piece of paper, thought for a while, then wrote a few lines on it, put it in an envelope, and asked Sheng Haizhou to take it to Lin Ziping.

When Sheng Haizhou handed Zhao Xin's letter to Lin Ziping, the old man opened the letter and was stunned!
"One line of monks said that the length of the north and south poles is 500 and 150 miles, and one mile is 220 meters in Beihai Town; the length of the equator is 850 and [-] meters; one degree of latitude is about [-] miles, and one minute is about [-]. Meter."

"This..." Lin Ziping stood there for a long time, then suddenly grabbed Sheng Haizhou's arm and asked excitedly, "Where is Zhao Dian? I want to see him right away!"

Is it difficult to measure longitude and latitude in ancient times?Very difficult!When a group of monks organized a geodetic survey in the Tang Dynasty, a total of thirteen groups were sent, from the southwestern part of Kulun in the north to the central part of Annan in the south.In addition to the surveying and mapping team, there is also a special group of people in Chang'an City to calculate the data sent from various places.

In the late Edo period of the island country, Tadaka Ino, a scholar in the late Edo period, took 18 years to make a high-precision national map. After ten measurements, he claimed to have walked 4000 million steps and traveled all over the island country to obtain all the surveying and mapping data. From the first It took 21 years from one observation to the final drawing.

Since the occupation of Fuldan City, the Manchu Qing’s jurisdiction over the east of Fuldan City has almost been lost. Therefore, in terms of occupied area, the actual area of ​​the outer northeast plus Kuye Island and Ezo Land is larger than that of the island country. big.

Lin Ziping said that with all the manpower, it will take a few years, which is the best estimate.If there are insufficient measuring tools, it may not be completed in more than ten years!
And after the plane distance is measured, there is also elevation measurement!You said the mountain is 500 meters high, why? !Don't talk about the cliff, how much is it?I can't roll if I can't say it.
Some people say that the altitude is very easy, you only need to measure the vertical distance from the point to the sea level.

What?Are you measuring altitude?What sea level is it?How to measure how many thousand kilometers away Daxinganling is from the sea?
Moreover, the sea waves are floating and floating, and the sea level is also shaking and shaking...

In fact, the theoretical resting sea level is not measurable at all.So there is the concept of mean sea level, and this mean sea level can be measured by means of tide gauges.

Is it possible to measure the altitude with the average sea level data?

Not yet.Elevation alone includes orthographic height, normal height, and geodetic height, which correspond to the geoid, quasi-geoid, and reference ellipsoid respectively.

why?Because there is an angle between the plumb line from a certain point to the geoid and the quasi-geoid (line of gravity), and there is also an angle between this point and the reference ellipsoid.

To put it simply, the geodetic height is equal to the orthometric height plus or minus the geoid gap, or the geodetic height is equal to the normal height plus or minus the elevation anomaly.

So you know why modern countries have a department called the Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, right?The altitude mentioned in later generations of China is measured through the 1985 national elevation reference elevation system and based on the data of the Yellow Sea sea level.

Altitude, altitude, latitude and longitude are all related to the military, ranging from mortars to howitzers and rocket launchers. Without this foundation, you can add rifles to millet, and then build a few front-loading smoothbore guns!
Therefore, the necessary artifact for time travel is not soap making steel, nor is it a system robot, but mathematics.In the worst case, if the rebellion fails, you can still go to Qintianjian for a living, or at worst you can be an accountant.

Of course, Sheng Haizhou couldn't take Lin Ziping to the training base on the east coast, but reported to Zhao Xin with a magnet phone.Two hours later, Zhao Xin brought the military students under Sheng Haizhou's command to Lin Ziping's residence.

As soon as Lin Ziping met, he couldn't wait to ask: "Zhao Wangdian, did a group of masters in the Tang Dynasty already know the exact length of the north and south poles? Why didn't I find it when I searched the classics before?" I have turned over all the "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" bought by Qing.

"Royal Secret Treasure." Zhao Xin blocked Lin Ziping's question with one sentence.Of course he couldn't say that he calculated the length of the prime meridian, equator and latitude by himself, that would be ridiculous!In front of a geographer like Lin Ziping, just asking a few questions will reveal everything.

Since Zhao Xin's excuse is the secret collection of the imperial family of the former Ming Dynasty, then everything is easy to explain, and Lin Ziping dare not say that he borrowed it casually to read.

At this time, I only heard Zhao Xin say: "I also wrote down this book when I was looking through it by accident when I was a child. Later, I lost the original book."

"Oh!" Lin Ziping was heartbroken, shaking his head again and again, sighing that it's a pity.

Zhao Xin smiled and said: "The data I wrote must be exactly the same as the original book. Mr. Lin can measure and verify it on the spot. In this way, can the production time of the map of Beihai Town be accelerated?"

Lin Ziping calmed down, thought for a while, and said, "If the measurements are correct, all that remains is to send a survey team to check and record the topography of each place. If this is the case, it can be done in one year."

"No, I'll send four times as many people to Mr. How long will it take?"

"Now that the mountains are covered by heavy snow, if we leave in spring, it will take half a year."

"Okay!" Zhao Xin patted the table and said to the dozen or so students he brought, "Bring the things here."

Soon, the ground and tables in the house were filled with various instruments and tools, and Zhao Xin introduced them to Lin Ziping one by one.What sextant, level, leveling rod, spirit level, protractor, and a small astronomical telescope.

In fact, levels, leveling rods, and spirit levels have been used in Beihai Township's civil affairs system from the very beginning.Without this, the construction team can only measure by experience and plumb weight, and the error will be very large.The rough little map I made in Fuldan last year was also done with these tools.

"Mr. Lin, you should familiarize yourself with how to use these equipment first. If you don't understand, you can ask a few teachers at the school. They are actually more proficient than me. After Zhengdan, the position of the supervisor of the surveying and mapping department in Beihai Town will be yours." Already!"

(End of this chapter)