Xinshun 1730

What he said was rather harsh, but it seemed to make sense.

As for whether it is true or not, or whether it is true, it is really hard to say.

It cannot be said that it was wrong for the emperor to change the imperial examinations and promote practical studies.

From the perspective of "interest has nothing to do, it's just belief", the Practical School believes that practical learning has become a knowledge that everyone in the world should learn. It is always good to elevate the status of miscellaneous learning to positive learning.

Of course, if the interests are related, that's another story.After the rise of practical education in the pioneering areas, many people are close to the water. For example, the top 1000 talents in practical education. If practical education is popularized throughout the country, once the population base increases, let alone the top 1000, I am afraid that they will be in the top [-]. The names may not be included in the list.

If the imperial court directly abolishes the old school, and puts all the vacated radish pits directly into the practical school, wouldn't it be considered as an official job for some existing practical school students?But now that this kind of reform model has been implemented, and schools and practical education are spread out, isn't that equivalent to "rolling up"? Originally, radical reforms might make you a village head, or you might only be a primary school teacher; Originally, they only recruited people in such a small area, and those who could have been admitted to first-class practical universities such as Sungkyunkwan, after the reform, might only be admitted to the Agricultural University in Huaibei Salt Reclamation Area to learn how to grow cotton.

This is all normal. It does not mean that people who have learned practical and advanced knowledge will become saints.

What the Juntian school said was to take advantage of the situation, in fact, it was also taking advantage of this situation, the mentality of the practical school to pull out all the radish holes occupied by the old school, to carry out radical reforms of the imperial court.

This in itself is very similar to the set of things in the Saint-Simonism in history: people are divided into three classes, and those who are really capable of learning true knowledge are of course the ruling class of the new era; The old ruling class with vested interests who think it is useless; and the common people.

It’s just that in the original version of Saint-Simonism, in view of the situation in France and the fact that there was no civil service examination system in France at that time, which was very advanced in the era of paper and printing, the ruling class of the new era he drew refers to the bank. entrepreneurs, industrial capitalists, artisans, inventors, artists, and so on.

In Dashun, because of the very advanced imperial examination system in the era of paper and printing technology, the real learning and the old learning are opposed here, and the real learning is taken for granted by the bureaucrats of the new era, while the old learning is for those with vested interests to get the place earlier.

On the other hand, for the traditional old school, in fact, over the past few years, the trend of emphasizing practical learning and neglecting classics is inevitable.

The old economics examinations have come to an end, and many people have realized it.

But it does not mean that the examination system behind the imperial examinations has come to an end.Dashun is not so radical now, or in other words, he is not so desperate and completely inferior, so he still has his own understanding of the examination system behind the imperial examinations, and thinks that this set of things is a victory. approach elsewhere.

And the "school system" itself, at least the school itself, is retro.Including Wang Anshi's reform back then, it was also a school system with a retro name. …

Let most of the gentry and landlords who take the imperial examination as a career learn more things, which will not cause so much backlash-as long as the imperial examination system itself exists, it is not impossible to change the test.Even if the stereotype is changed to a test of reciting Yidi's Bible, the Qur'an, there is no difference in effect alone.

To put it bluntly, the IQ and learning ability of those who were able to enter the imperial examination in the past, and the thousands of horses and horses, can be killed if they count geometry and chemistry since elementary school.

Liu Yu had said long ago that he was nothing more than the appearance of a middle-aged man.This is not really modest.

With a school system, at this time Dashun is more like a variant of Wang Anshi's "Sanshe" method, and the core is still examination and selection.

There is a problem with the imperial examination system, but the problem is not the examination system.

On the contrary, in the age of paper and printing, the examination selection system was, as it was in 1793, absolutely the most advanced selection system in the world.

It's just that the content of the exam and the things learned are not good.

But the problem is that the school system is not a private school, and it needs funding from the imperial court to build it.With Dashun's current level, it is obviously impossible to spread the school to the countryside.

To a certain extent, Dashun’s current education reform has not only hindered the mobility of classes compared to the past, but also widened the gap between urban and rural areas; at the same time, it will also cause a decline in rural literacy rates.

This point is beyond doubt.

In the simplest terms, common owner-peasant families used to be able to learn and read in private schools in the village.

And if we want to engage in school education, Dashun will definitely not be able to build schools in every village, and the imperial power still does not come down to the county, that is, the school has been popularized at the county level. If the payment mode increases the student tax.

Then, if this kind of reform does not touch the rural land system, ownership system, grassroots management and other issues, the landlords and gentry will undoubtedly be more willing.

Because it is still an imperial examination in essence.

It's just that the content of the imperial examination has changed, and the content of the test questions has changed.

Moreover, landlords and squires who can live in cities relying on land rent actually have an increased advantage in examinations.

They may object out of "pure awareness".

But in terms of interests, they benefit, so they can't make a big fuss, and it won't trigger an extremely violent rebound.

In fact, behind this reform is what the Land Equalization School said: the development of county towns on the basis of forced agricultural surpluses such as land rent is deformed and unhealthy in itself.The reform of the imperial examinations, in essence, stabilized the deformed model in which the county town sucked blood from the countryside through land rent.

This deformity pattern is problematic, and it is a big problem.

Indeed, before the 19th century, Dashun's handicraft industry was the best in the world.Relying on this kind of deformed industry and commerce based on agricultural land rent surplus, and relying on the size of Dashun, it is true that in the era of "manufactured handicrafts" before the 19th century, it has great advantages.

Needless to say, at this time, that is, in the Ming Dynasty, if the Songsu area was produced in any place, it does not need to be poor in handicrafts in Florence and other places, and it can even be said to be much stronger.Even in places like Dhaka in India, the size of the city has historically shocked Kelaiwu and others.

But the upper limit of this model is very low-the upper limit is Paris, and the blood sucking has become a Paris that can fight against France, and the industry and commerce are also dominated by luxury goods. …

However, the reform of the school system is now being carried out, but the most basic issues of rural areas and land are not touched. Build a new one.

To break down the old is to build the new.

To break down the old without building the new is essentially chaos and regression.

This is not to say that the reform of the imperial examination and the establishment of schools are retrogressive in themselves.

Rather, the related issue behind this incident is retrogression.

Of course, this may not necessarily be a bad thing for the emperor, at least in the short term.

After all, Napoleon, who was traveling with the emperor, also said: Let the children of the poor go to school, and it is easy to cause trouble.Therefore, the tuition fees of the École Polytechnique were raised to a higher level, which prevented the children of the poor from entering the best universities.

And Emperor Dashun wanted to carry out school reform, which was tantamount to saying: If you are not a middle-class landlord or squire who lives on land rent, you have no money, so you go to the practical school in your nima county?

Perhaps, possibly, probably, the emperor really wanted to "save himself", fearing that he would be regarded as a lackey by the emerging class with increasing strength, and hoped to rebalance.

In the past reforms, it was because the power of the imperial examinations, the gentry and the landlords, was too strong, so the practical school was introduced to check and balance.

Now it is reversed, the balance of power has changed, so we must rely on the old and decadent forces to fight against the emerging classes.

After all, it is the emperor who sits in the Forbidden City.

The purpose of the emperor is power and family.

Including the fact that the old emperor supported Liu Yu’s reforms in the beginning, but at the beginning it was just an advanced model of “collecting money-raising soldiers-repressing”. By relying on foreign plunder, colonization, overseas trade, tariffs, etc., Dashun obtained the wealth of previous dynasties. Unbelievable financial income.

Of course, people's hearts are far away, and these are just the guesses of some bold people in the Confucian Society, and they may not be true.

Moreover, this incident itself is indeed a bit strange, and it really means a little fart. There was a lot of fanfare before, but the reform of the imperial examination system was made at the last moment. It is hard to say that it is just for the so-called opening of the roof and windows. ; or for some other reason.

…………

…………

When the young people in Yuxuan were arguing fiercely, in the Forbidden City, the old emperor avoided others and said a shocking word to his favorite son.

"After I died, the flood flooded the sky."

After hearing this sentence, the prince was drenched in sweat, and was about to say something auspicious, but Li Yan waved his hand and said, "How can a person be immortal? My intention is not in life and death, but in the great chaos in the future."

"This time to welcome the return of Duke Xingguo's bones, Europa will be in chaos within ten years. Now that various machines are used more and more, what Duke Xingguo said in the past is 'unprecedented bloody fire, not the past. Frailty deficiency', after all, is going to be sick."

"When Bian Que saw Duke Huan, he left a lesson for future generations, never hide your illness and avoid medical treatment. Once you know the disease, you must prescribe the right medicine, instead of pretending that there is nothing wrong today and thinking that there is nothing wrong. My son, do you know what I mean?"

The prince crouched down and said: "I understand what my father means. Now that the academic circles are prominent, they are also talking more about the possibility of this unprecedented bloody and angry disease."...

"That's why there are theories of land equalization, reclamation, and eastward expansion. It's also called 'expanding the market'."

The old emperor smiled, but stretched out a finger and shook it: "The words like reclamation are too general. There are small farmers' reclamation and capital reclamation, and there is a huge difference."

"I used to build railways, connect borders, reward meritorious officials, and sell land...all of which were cultivated for capital, and also Xing Guogong's so-called production for the purpose of selling money."

"And the disease of 'unprecedented excessive blood burning' that Duke Xingguo said in the past also arose because of this. In previous dynasties, those who were concerned were all weak and deficient. Only now, they have to face excessive blood burning."

"Since it is production for the purpose of exchanging and selling money, it can be seen that after deducting costs, wages, etc., he must make money. That is to say, only within this system, he must produce more than he can buy."

"That's why, don't talk about reclamation in general anymore. When you talk about reclamation, you have to say, is it the reclamation where the tiller has his own land? Or the story north of Ruosong Liao, the reclamation produced by capital to sell money?"

"Xing Guogong always speaks half of his speech. The ancients said: I comment on the Six Classics, and the Six Classics comment on me. Today, it is actually the same."

"For future problems, there are different explanations and solutions. But in my opinion, maybe I have misinterpreted Xingguogong's original intention, but I push myself that a so-called production model outside the capitalist system is needed to accommodate these productions. Otherwise, something big will happen.”

"Either to expand abroad, or to equalize small farmers, or to raise taxes to raise soldiers, or to use work as relief for large-scale construction. Once the bloody and angry disease that Xingguogong said broke out, this may be a cure for the disease."

"As for letting go of the banknotes, it's fighting fires with salaries, or even drinking poison to quench your thirst. Who can cure you if you get angry with blood, but eat fat and hair, and the disease will occur in the future?"

"It's not that I don't know the so-called "Jiantian Dongjin" by Xianxue, but when it is done, there is a lot of emphasis; Pay attention."

"Everyone in the world thinks that I am going to carry out reforms, redemption of land, forced cultivation of immigrant savings and other means. But I first reformed the imperial examination school, do you know the reason?"

The prince thought for a moment, then hesitated and said: "Father's intention is not not to do it, but the time has not yet come? Father's intention is to do it when the flood is raging?"

"However, the poem says: When the sky is not cloudy and rainy, go through the mulberry soil and prepare for the house. When it is not rainy, it is time to repair the windows."

"Besides, my son thinks that to win in chaos, you need skills and wits urgently. In the future... in the future..."

Li Yan laughed and said: "What will happen in the future? If I die early in the future, are you afraid that your skills and talents will be insufficient?"

The prince was drenched in cold sweat and didn't dare to answer. Li Yan sighed and said: "During this unprecedented change in a thousand years, the continuation of the ancestral temple is a matter of changing fate against the sky. Only by changing your fate and winning in the chaos can you protect the ancestral temple and gain a chance of survival."

"An ancient saying: Dao fifty, Tian Yan four nine, humanity one. This ray of life can only be grasped in great chaos."

"Such a matter of changing fate against the sky is extremely slim. Since it can only take a chance from the inevitable situation, that's the only way to go."

"It's done, this crown can continue."…

"It can't be done, it's nothing more than the crown falling to the ground and no one dares to pick it up."

"And if you don't do anything, sooner or later the crown will fall, and the ancestral temple will collapse."

"That's right, since that's the case, why not take an opportunity out of danger, give it a go, and grab that glimmer of life in the dark?"

These words sound natural and understandable.

But in fact, it seems that nothing has been said.

The prince was puzzled and asked: "Father, where is this lifeline?"

Li Yan raised his head, glanced at the direction where Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself 50 and [-] years ago, and said: "The former Emperor Taizu came to Beijing and said: The king is not very dark. This line of life lies here."

"In the past, Duke Xingguo reformed the salt administration. The means he used were 'disintegration and disintegration'. If you don't use one of them, you can break them one by one."

"Nowadays there are people spreading the so-called fake book in the name of Xingguo Gong, regardless of whether it is true or not, the way of class is indeed reasonable."

"If you know the trick, you can break it."

"A certain person made a righteous statement and said that white is my kind. You must not bluntly say that I am black. Instead, you also use white and say that I am the endorsement of whiteness. Darkness separates white into white horses, white cows, white pigs, and white dogs. , white goose, white chicken... don't let one of them disintegrate and disintegrate, and if the other is not the same, you must ask the sage. This is the so-called vitality of 'the king is not very dark'."

"The one that threatens you the most, whatever flag you hold, that's what you hold."

"He wants to treat the root cause, so you will treat the symptoms."

"He wants to pull allies, so you pull them away first."

"In the future, you will be the emperor, and the initiative is yours. As long as the court is not uniform, there will always be someone available."

"The matter of equalizing the land can be done, and it can be done. If you don't do it today, you must not do it, and you can't do it."

"Why?"

"Because the small farmers can survive for a long time, this is not the immediate crisis. The Fusang land is there, and it will not fly away after ten years, and the Europeans will not be able to occupy it. As for the local local tyrants who want to be independent and monopolize the resources of Fusang, the land can be destroyed in an instant. .”

"And the current crisis is the so-called excess blood disease. Once the Europa incident occurs and all kinds of machinery are used, there will be major incidents."

"The city is not as good as the countryside. Once there is chaos, it is far easier to organize than the people in the countryside."

"However, this crisis can be resolved if you are on top of it in the future. By the way, you can also collect its share capital at a low price from finance and taxation, and gradually return it to the government, so that those who have learned practically but have no ambitions will be supervised by the government."

"As for the unemployed workers, they may be recruited into the army to fight Japan and make more compensation; or they may be given subsidies and moved to the southern ocean to cultivate and grant land."

"After this crisis is over, if the big industries such as shipping and sea trade are all owned by the government, after they are stabilized, the depression will no longer be prosperous again. During this period, you can use the benefits of the government to own the industry to do the work of equalizing the land, far away The peasants were moved outside, and they took advantage of the opportunity of renewed prosperity to redeem the land with the old methods of forced savings and forced industrial bonds.”

"Between breathing, it is like a tide."

"When it's booming, it's mandatory to save and redeem industrial bonds to buy land, and to equalize the land, relocate people, and use the redeemed industrial bonds to invest and develop profits."

"In times of crisis, they use fiscal and tax bonds to buy shares, gradually become government-owned, expand abroad, and seize the market to demand compensation."

"When you are in depression, you help the workers."

"Prosperity moves to agriculture."

"What's more, since we have the land of Fusang Southern Ocean, we can also formulate policies to win people's hearts. If the workers work for 20 years, the imperial court will grant acres of overseas land as their land. The cost during the period will be paid by the factory owner, and the wages will be paid on behalf of the workers. deduct."

"In this way, the hired worker has to ponder whether to listen to the imperial court and have a hundred acres of overseas farmland as a family property in a few years? Or are they going to play around?"

Speaking of this, Li Yanxu clicked in the distance, and said to the prince earnestly: "What are the billions of acres of land in Fusang and Southern Ocean?"

"It is a resource that is bestowed and rewarded by the Son of Heaven."

"Instead of resources used to achieve a well-off world."

"It is used to resolve conflicts in times of crisis."

"It's not what made the world richer in the prosperous age."

"As for Japan, India, Africa and even Fuso, Southern Ocean, Nanyang, etc., they can all be saved by the emperor. They are used in difficult times, not squandered when they are rich. If Japan can still squeeze a lot of gold and silver, the market, but Now there is no need to squeeze."

"That's why the scholars of the world believe that it should be done and can be done. But it must be impossible, and it is not to do it. Those who do not do it are not unwilling to do it, but it is not the right time."

"In other words, if the land is equalized at this time, the relocation will be completed in 30 years, the industry will develop, and hundreds of millions of people will be rich enough; if the land is not equalized at this time, they will die every year from famine, poverty, usury, exploitation, squires, etc. There are no less than a million people in his hands... A gentleman is far away from the kitchen, he can't bear it, he just disappears."

"Relief, exemption, slaughter, and shaving are used alternately. Don't be paranoid about one method. One piece and one relaxation, the way of civil and martial arts."