Xinshun 1730

Which one is a tree and which is a bead is a matter that needs to be analyzed in detail.

The so-called pearls of the Juntian School, or the class they call, is actually more similar to the original concept of class, that is, Saint-Simon's initial understanding of class in history.

Dashun itself plays the leading role in the three crooked scriptures, and the current economic foundation of Dashun is still far from the economic foundation of the non-crooked scriptures. Therefore, the "class" they talk about is basically the Saint-Simon doctrine in history. The categories of "industrialists, bankers, craftsmen, geniuses, handicraftsmen" are very general things.

Even though the Juntian faction is still immature, in terms of thinking, it has already gained some depth.

Although, this kind of depth is derived from Liu Yu’s variant of “Malthusian economics” or Luxembourg’s theory of capital accumulation, it is a bit far from Liu Yu’s original intention, and even a bit biased. Tsky's imperialist theory of industrial capitalism went up.

But at this time, at the present time of 1793 in the Western calendar, their ideas still have merit.

What exactly does the Kinta problem mean?

What they mean is that, indeed, Dashun has a strong handicraft industry foundation compared to other places in the world.

However, this kind of handicraft industry, or industry, especially before Liu Yu's reform, was not very healthy.

The strong foundation of this handicraft industry was developed on the basis of "land rent, taxation, and agricultural surplus under exploitation".

is misshapen.

Typically, such as the capital of Dashun and Paris in France before, this is the type.

The consumption power of the capital depends on taxation, payment, salary, land rent of noble landlords, and so on.

These industries and businesses serve the "effective demanders" in the theory of the Three Crooked Classics—including Paris, France, where the industry started as a luxury goods manufacturing industry.

However, because Dashun's size is large enough and its foundation is strong enough, after Liu Yu's reforms and foreign expansion to seize the market, relying on the previous unhealthy handicraft industry foundation, he quickly succeeded in transforming into a pioneering area in external expansion.

But as far as the interior is concerned, many county towns and state capitals have their handicrafts and commerce targeted at [the agricultural surplus occupants].

However, in this economic model, the upper limit is insufficient, and it greatly limits the process of industrialization.

Therefore, the meaning of the Juntian School is that if industry and commerce want to develop, they must be destroyed and then established.

Change the object from [owners of agricultural surplus] to [producers of agriculture].

The cities that relied on this before will inevitably be painful during the transformation process, but if the transformation is not completed, the upper limit will be stuck, and everyone will have to die in the end.

And because of the special situation in Dashun, that is, the special situation of insufficient land per capita, even if the land is equal, the [agricultural producers] themselves do not have too much consumption power.

So what to do?

Or, in some way, let agricultural producers, in some way, have to buy industrial products, even large-scale machinery, etc. If small farmers don’t have demand, then find a way to make them have demand, so as to lay an industrial foundation.

Or, use the current reality, that is, the fact that Dashun has vast arable land overseas, to allow agricultural producers to colonize and relocate people, so that they have their own surplus after eating and drinking to buy industrial products. …

In the end, transform the deformed and unhealthy handicraft industry, or industrial and commercial city, into a healthy, undistorted industrial and commercial city that targets agricultural producers rather than agricultural surplus occupants.

This kind of thinking, this kind of consideration, did not arise out of thin air, nor did Huang Shigong suddenly realize it after throwing a book from heaven.

It is a kind of thinking and consciousness produced because of the social existence in Dashun.

Lao Ma said: [The first premise of large-scale industry is to include all rural areas in the production of not use value but exchange value].

This sentence will show different situations in different countries.

This is the Tao, and the different situations and specific responses of different countries are the tactics.

In Britain, it is reflected in the enclosure movement.

The enclosure movement changed British rural production from use value to production for exchange value.

But in Dashun, if the technique derived from the way of [the first premise of large-scale industry is to bring the entire countryside into production that is not use value but exchange value], if it is copied from the UK, it will be nothing but imitation. , knowing it but not knowing why.

How to solve the situation that rural production in Dashun is aimed at use value instead of exchange value?
In fact, now, it is very "simple".

Or, slaughter [-] million people.I can't finish it, so I exchanged it naturally.There is not enough to eat, how can it be possible to produce for the purpose of exchanging value?
In other words, imitating the British story, arresting [-] million people into "debt prisons", "workhouses", "debt slaves" and so on.But the problem is that you have the ability to arrest [-] million people into debt prisons and force them into debt slaves. If you have such abilities, what are you doing on earth? Just build a heaven on earth.

Or, black technology burst out, producing thousands of catties of grain per mu.If you can't finish it, you will naturally produce it for the purpose of exchanging value.

Or, emigrate.Under the reality that the yield per mu cannot be increased for at least several decades—as I have said before, the yield per mu in Dashun at this time is not much different from that in France in 1910. If we want to continue to improve, if we can repair water conservancy, there will be such a If you don’t have super organizational power, then why don’t you immigrate; and if you don’t have such super organizational power, then you have to reach the level of industrialization that the German Haber’s synthetic ammonia plant was fully rolled out in Dashun in 1913, which is obviously unrealistic—so , it can be concluded that relocating people to the east for reclamation is the most realistic and relatively easy to achieve at this time.

Of course, this is relative.Although it is also difficult, it is easier than letting Dashun achieve the productivity level per capita of Germany when World War I broke out in a short period of time.

If there is no colony, no land in Fusang Southern Ocean, and if you want to develop large-scale industry, according to the idea of ​​[the first premise of large-scale industry is to include all rural areas in the production of not use value but exchange value], then you can only In a certain way, the countryside is forced to provide a large number of products with exchange value.

That's the reason.

Specific situations, specific analysis.The situation in different countries and regions is different, so it is impossible to eat it all over the world with one trick.

For example, what people say is that a certain plant can only survive at a temperature above 25 degrees.A lot of large pots were kept in the north, and you ended up keeping a lot of greenhouses in the tropics of Southeast Asia, then there is something wrong with the brain. …

Of course, this is not to say that practical learning or science is useless, or that it is just a scorpion, not a pearl.

It means that even if you play games in the future, if you learn a skill, you still need to have a proficiency level, and you have to chop wood stakes to improve your proficiency level.It is not a problem for Dashun to turn a generator by hand now. Theoretically, we also know that there is nitrogen in the air, which can theoretically synthesize fertilizers infinitely, but it is still too early to apply and industrialize production.

So during this period, are the hundreds of millions of people in Dashun, especially the hundreds of millions of rural population, human beings?Is it possible to live a life with a herd of cows on a hundred acres of land, and a wife who does not spin, sells cars and packs rice to buy cloth?
If Dashun hadn't won the first battle, or if Liu Yu hadn't figured out how to draw a line in the Appalachian Mountains, the designation would have been impossible.As I said before, according to the "Homestead Law", Dashun needs 5200 million square kilometers of arable land, and there may not be so much in the whole world.

The problem is that Dashun won the First World War, and Liu Yu also buried the conflict between fur traders and European colonists in North America, and used ginseng trade to make French fur and ginseng traders become "Dragon and Tiger Generals" and resisted the protestant peasants on the front line. westward.

Even if the "industrialism" thinking of the "Xianxue" school was removed, even if it was just the Dashun traditional idea of ​​farmers farming and cultivating land, it was generally recognized.

The development of industry and commerce, or the thinking of industrialism, itself is the background of the Dashunshi School.

Including, the two factions of radical young people in the "Tongru Society" that are currently arguing with Yuxuan today, the difference does not lie in the future of industry and industry and commerce.

The only difference lies in whether to engage in such a radical and extremely violent method of equalizing the land.

Can you be gentler, continue to increase the number of sub-mouths, let the state capitals be the center, continue the original handicraft industry foundation, and form a situation in Dashun that is scattered all over the place?
The debate between the two sides, in essence, is still arguing whether to "break and then build" or "to continue with the sprout".

The Land Equalization School believes that the industry and commerce in inner cities is based on the surplus possession of agriculture, and the exchange value of food forcibly distorted by means of land rent, so the upper limit is extremely low, and it must not work.No matter how cute, there is no future.

Those who deny land equalization believe that after equalizing land, farmers will choose to fill their stomachs first, so wouldn't there be less grain for exchange value?Not only will this not lead to the development of industry and commerce, but it will promote inland industry and commerce, because inland industry and commerce are now developed on the basis of land rent and other agricultural surplus possessions.

The internal components of the Juntian School are actually quite complicated.

It can even be said that there are extreme progressives and radicals; there are also reactionaries and retrogrades in Dashun's political spectrum.

The internal composition of the anti-equal field faction is more complicated.

This is related to Dashun itself.

There are both traditional and Su Ziyou’s criticisms of Wang Anshi’s “Wang Jiefu is a little husband. He can’t bear the poor, but he is deeply ill and enriches the poor, and he doesn’t know what to do to benefit the poor.”

There are also more traditional ones, as Han Feizi said [Most scholars in this world talk about governance, saying: "There is no real capital with the poor." Today's husbands are also good with others, and those who do not have the benefits of a bumper year and only give them completely are not powerful. Then frugality.To be kind to others is to avoid famine, disease, guilt, and misfortune. Those who are poor alone will fall if they are not extravagant.Those who are extravagant and depraved are poor, but those who are powerful and frugal are rich.Today, collecting money from the rich to give to the poor is a waste of power and frugality, and it is impossible to use it frugally for the sake of the people's ailments] This set of "You are poor because you are lazy, others How do you become rich, how do you become poor, does helping the poor make people lazy” thinking without analyzing the current situation, system, per capita arable land and other issues. …

There is also the Confucian reactionary idea of ​​"re-feudal" localities, provinces, and state capitals developing on their own, relying on provincial tariffs and the provinces under the re-feudal trend of thinking to recommend sages for self-government-this reaction is in the economic sense. The grandfather managed to achieve great unification and the prototype of a unified domestic market, but he actually wanted to separate. This is completely reactionary even in terms of the capitalist world market.

And from the Taizhou School in the late Ming Dynasty to Yan Li's Confucianism, the ideas of rural construction and rural sages have been inherited in one continuous line.

It is a set of things to make rural pacts, to govern by gentlemen, to build schools, and to use schools as the political centers of villages to build villages.Of course, Taizhou School had obvious religious tendencies in the later period, and at this time, those in Dashun who supported the township contract for building schools and townships did not have religious tendencies.

As for the reform of the imperial examination itself, there is no difference between the two factions.Because although they are called "Tong Confucian Society", in fact this is a provocative name, and it is an irony that "miscellaneous learning is not for the sake of Tong Confucianism".

Including, both factions agree with the reform of the imperial examination system and the overall method of "selecting talents through the examination system".

However, the anger of the Juntian faction at this time stems from the fact that the Juntian faction believes that the last chance for Dashun's reform has been lost.

That is to say, the possibility of completing the resettlement by means of reforms, improvements, etc., to complete land equalization, or to force savings from agricultural surplus, to force industrial bonds and immigration bonds, etc., is gone.

They are not opposed to the reform of the imperial examinations, what they are opposed to is doing this at this point in time.

It's like giving a bowl of water instead of a steamed bun to a very hungry person.It's not that you can't drink water, or that you don't need to drink water, but that the timing is wrong.

In the final analysis, the reason for this kind of anger and dissatisfaction is very simple-this group of people regards people in the Midwest as adults.

Otherwise, there is really no anger and dissatisfaction.

There is no need to save the country.

There is no need to chase the Premier League.

Moreover, itself, the natural conditions of the Yangtze Estuary area are there.

Lao Ma said: [In the center of large-scale sea and land trade...manufacturers have found a base in foreign markets, so it can be said that production naturally aims at exchange value]

With Dashun going to Nanyang, conquering Japan, and fighting World War I, this kind of production purely aimed at "exchange value" can spontaneously evolve into a large industry.

It can be said that the handicraft industry before Dashun was indeed developed by relying on land rent and other agricultural surplus.This is the foundation, the foundation.

And this foundation itself can be regarded as a kind of production aimed at exchange value. Although it is a bit deformed, productivity itself has developed as a result of civilization.The subsequent external expansion, by defeating the commercial capital of Western Europe, expanded the market and continued to develop. It is definitely no problem for the Songsu area to become the world's industrial center and financial center.

The problem is that under the immersion of the culture of "well-off" and "great harmony", for the kind of "the world is the public, select the virtuous and capable, trustworthy and harmonious, old people don't only kiss their relatives, don't only have their own sons, make the old There is an end, there is something for the strong, there is something for the young, and there is something for the widowed, lonely, disabled and sick.] The pursuit of "Great Harmony" here, even if the rest of the people are not included, then the more than 2 million people in the central and western regions are always Should it be included? …

This kind of traditional thinking and culture must be subtle and influential.

Historically, even when the Eight-Power Allied Forces entered the capital, many international students still thought about "Great Harmony".

So much so that some people wrote articles and cursed.

The so-called [new students, who are good at talking about Datong, imitate the non-ethnic thinking of our people to the extreme.No matter what is far away, try to read the latest discussion category, all of them have a great unity in the world, and there is no difference between East Asia and Western Europe]

[This kind of stinky talk, this kind of lowly slave, if you want to get it, kill it]

Of course, this is purely the idea of ​​a petty bourgeois world citizen based on "abstract eternal justice".

But it also shows that the traditional thinking of those ancestors will linger on the heads of future generations like ghosts, and during the transformation period, they are lost in lakes and lakes, as the old horse said. After learning a foreign language, they first think about translating in their own language. Translation is subconscious and hard to stop.

As for Dashun's radicals at this time, most of them are still "Utopian Clubs" or even "Subjective Clubs". It is still far from scientific analysis, and even many "subjective" ones go to the press, but the actual line may be extremely reactionary.

This is all normal.

At this time, they just felt that since those people in the world who were not the Yangtze River Estuary, non-coastal, and non-Fusang early immigrants were considered human beings and ordinary people, there must be a specific route to make life easier for those people. Get better.

Subjectively think so.

Specifically how to do it, they can be considered to have their own simple program, which is the so-called Great Shun at this time.

However, they are too young after all.

Reasonable, they understand reason.

Talk about science, they also understand science.

However, they don't understand the emperor.

Since the debate has reached the issue of "buying a box of pearls", what is a box, and what is a pearl, the senior who presided over this seminar finally spoke.

Said to be a senior, before Liu Yu ran away, he was a young man in his early 20s, who worked with Liu Yu on the Yellow River in Shandong for several years.

At that time, he was also very popular with Liu Yu, but he didn't continue his official career. Instead, he established a Confucianism Society here.Some "false books under the guise of names" are also mostly derived from this.

So many years have passed, the former young man is now in the year of knowing his destiny, and from the perspective of age alone, it can be said that his predecessor deserves his name.

Faced with the quarrel between the two factions about whether the land should be equal or not, the senior host was not determined.

But when it came to buying a pile of pearls and returning the pearls, and the Juntian party's reform of the imperial examinations, this senior still spoke.

"In the past, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty tasted the private luck of Duanmen, and when he saw new scholars coming out, he said happily: The heroes of the world have entered my nest!"

"The world, the world, the world's heroes come into my pocket, and the world will be established."

"If you only rely on you to achieve great things, do you want to be the Guanlong Group? Or do you want to be the nobles of Huaixi? Who will control it?"

"The imperial examination selects talents from all over the world to check and balance."

"The Practical School is only a tool available to the court, not that the court is just a tool for the Practical School to realize its ideals."

"The two are different. Naturally, you see a pearl in your eyes, while others see it as a fool."...

"You also said just now, class, and you talked about the difference between the old and new parties in Song Dynasty and today's old and new parties."

"If the classes are the same, then like the Song Dynasty's new party and old party, it's just a battle of ideas and parties."

"If the classes are different, then today's new and old learning...as you said, they are wearing the skin of new learning and old learning, but they are actually different classes."

"In this way, if you really use you to change the world, you know each other and are classmates from the same hometown, then who will check and balance you?"

"That's why, you think it's a good thing that you are putting on a new learning and old learning, but the flesh and blood are actually different classes."

"But I'm afraid that in the eyes of the officials, this is not a good thing, if there is me in you, and you in me."

"The new learning spreads all over the world, while the reform of the imperial examination still uses examinations to select and use the heroes of the world to control emerging groups that are gradually getting out of control."

"Otherwise, if it is really done, you are all up and down. You have ideas and ideas. If the emperor follows it, you will be ministers; if the emperor doesn't follow your ideas, don't you want to make it?" Some big things need to be done?"

"The new learning is popularized all over the world, while the reformed imperial examinations are still selected by examinations. This is quite different."

"Firstly, tear open the skin of old and new knowledge, mix them into one, select talents through examination, and be kind to the superior."

"Secondly, if Zaifu came out of Sichuan and Shaanxi, there must be no connection with the maritime colonial group behind him. Unlike today, if you want to use new talents, you must have the figure of various emerging groups behind you."

"Thirdly, in the past, the imperial court used honors and imperial examinations to balance each other. Now that the military officers of the noble chaebol and the real learning are so close, the balance has been broken. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the old scriptures with practical learning, and turn the practical learning into the old imperial examination school to check and balance the nobles. Plutocrats."

After talking about these three most simple and superficial things, the senior couldn't help shaking his head and said with a smile: "The three words that Duke Xingguo used to say most often in the past: Carve a boat to seek a sword, act like a fool, and wait for a rabbit."

"I'm going to say a word today. Your thoughts must be to wait for the rabbit."

"Back then, Fan Li said: When the tall birds are exhausted, the good bows are hidden; the cunning rabbits are dead, and the lackeys are cooked."

"Since ancient times, ministers have been hidden and cooked by the emperor."

"So, most of you are sitting on the sidelines, thinking that the ministers must be hidden and cooked by the emperor, and the reverse cannot be possible."

"However, if you think about it carefully, who is the lackey of the past and today's events?"

"Is there such a possibility, today, is the good bow and running dog of the emerging class?"

"Therefore, there was the matter of support in the past. Those who did it were first to protect them who were still weak, second to resist the counterattack of the old forces, and third to integrate forces to suppress the small peasant uprising that might be caused by radical policies."

"This time, that time."

"At that time, the emerging class did not have the strength to resist the old forces, so an emperor with the surname Li was needed, so that many policies after the reform could be maintained."

"At that time, the emerging class did not have the righteousness to learn, and did not know how to face the resistance of small farmers who had eaten up the domestic market. Therefore, it was necessary for the emperor to stabilize the internal situation first, so as not to wipe out the king's world."

"At that moment, the old forces still had the power to counterattack, and the emerging class had not yet completed their digestion of Southeast Asia, India, Fusang, and East Africa."

"At this moment, it is different from that moment. In ancient times, 30 years was like a day, with the flick of a finger; now, the drastic changes in 30 years are no less than the past hundreds of years."…

"During this period, the power will ebb and flow, and the wings will become more and more abundant. The momentum of Su Feng has been established, and it cannot be moved lightly."

"If you don't sit on the sidelines and wait for the rabbit, you will know the emperor, and you may also worry about being a good bow and running dog."

"Today's reform of the imperial examination is to save oneself by getting rid of the shackles on the body and the sword hanging above the head."

"If it can be changed, it will separate practical learning from the emerging class. According to Xingguo Gong, he was just a person who was close to the water and got the moon first, and he was a middle-aged man, and he was only learning economics first."

"If it can be changed, the heroes of the world will be selected with new subjects, and the new class will be separated from the real learning, and the bureaucracy will be used to check and balance the new class. This is one of them."

"Secondly, since the imperial examinations have been changed, the former students and scholars have no way to make a living, and there is no hope of further studies. Why don't you join the army? If the emperor builds a new army, what will happen if the officers are scholars who read the books of sages and loyal emperors?"

"In the past, the old disciplines were strong, so the new learning was used as an officer; today the new learning is strong, so the old learning is used as an officer. Check and balance each other, and go through the transition period of the ten-year imperial examination system reform."

"Ten years later, the dispute between old and new learning has disappeared, the bond between new learning and the emerging class has been broken, and the bloody industrial capital has also appeared. The emperor may have great righteousness."

"Then, with the traditional method of cursing heresy, cursing the demands of the rising class, and preaching to the masses that, instead of gaining nothing, they will lose everything in this bourgeois movement—this, only What is necessary is to let go of a certain province’s banknotes, but deliberately ignore it, follow Zheng Boke’s Duan Yuyan’s affairs, and three years will be enough to bear fruit. The local people will hate it and feel fear, and they can only ask the emperor to suppress the emerging class.”

"At that time, we will talk about the good nature, benevolence, righteousness, morality, gentleman, and love of the ancients, and build the future great harmony on the ravings of benevolence and the benevolence of the king."

"The Son of Heaven is the sun, one king and all the people, restricting property, and returning to the revolution. Using this as a name to confuse the people who have been impacted will last forever."

"Today's emigration benefits the emerging class, and its momentum is even more irresistible."

"In the future, when the people move, the people are grateful for the virtue of His Majesty the Son of Heaven. The government has millions of soldiers, and the Son of Heaven must be afraid of mergers; he is afraid of capital and seeks restrictions."

"It's you who said that you thought it was buying a basket for a pearl? It's actually not. I'm afraid, in the eyes of the emperor, the situation left by Duke Xingguo, the binding of practical learning and the emerging class, where there is no precious pearl, it is clearly poisonous."

"To welcome his coffin today is just to scare people. Everyone in the world thinks that the land should be equalized, and they don't want to change the imperial examination from equal land. It's like demolishing the house, but now it's just to open a window. Opponents see how dare Xingguo Gong's coffin Talk? I'm afraid that under the opposition, the emperor will be angry and want to implement the proposal of Xingguogong to equalize the land. Tian, ​​I don’t know how many people are worried about me.”