Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1508 Final Chapter Ninety-three Years ([-])

Scholars are not science.

Xianxue is an interpretation and understanding of the real world that has undergone drastic changes during the special envoy period in a specific historical period in a certain period of history.Only in the era of violent fluctuations and the transition between the old and the new can there be great influential studies.

The obvious, knowing the word.For those who are obvious, the sun on the left, the silk on the seat, and the eyes on the right.

It means that only by facing the sun can you see the tiny silk threads.

Seeing silk in Japan and China can be combined with the meaning of "All things in the world must pay attention to methods before they can be seen clearly. If they are thin threads, they cannot be seen unless they are placed in the sun".

After the division of France and before the Battle of Sedan, France was in an era of fierce struggle between the old and the new, when the old era was getting old, and the new things showed countless evils.

If we want to subdivide it, the 60 years from the division of land in France to the defeat of Sedan, from Waterloo to the raising of the flag in the commune, can be roughly divided into two halves.

The first half of the school is modeled after the small circle of Freemasonry, pretending to be mysterious, high-profile, a remnant of the craftsman era, the Brotherhood of the Forest, or the Charcoal Burning Party.

This kind of product of the craftsman era and handicraft era has evolved a lot of things in the future, and has a lot of influence in Europe.For example, the Young Italian Party, the Mafia, the Young Europe, the trade unions that uphold the red and black flags, etc., are all follow-ups in a broad sense.

The second half of the famous school is basically the Saint-Simon-Comte line.The former is the precept of the Second Empire, the latter is the precept of the Third Republic after the failure of the Commune, and even to some extent the official ideology of the Third Republic.

This can be regarded as the product of the industrial age, or at least based on the consciousness of the industrial age. It should be said that it is a very important doctrine for France from the old age to the industrial age.The words "order and progress" on the flag of Brazil in later generations can also be regarded as the legacy of this vein in later generations.

As for, during the Cold War, Saint-Simon was one of the few people commemorated by both the Soviet Union and the US imperialists, that is another matter.The former is because of critical utopias and technocratic modern organizational concepts; the latter is because he went to North America to participate in the anti-British uprising before France declared war, and he really fought for the freedom of the thirteen states with a gun. He was also captured by the British and spent time in prison.

Since we are talking about prominent learning, then many situations are roughly similar: as soon as the theory comes out, if it does not belong to Yang, it will belong to Mo—his disciples, especially a few senior disciples, are basically "disciples of other families, and submit halfway". Several important disciples are all high-ranking members of the French Forest Brotherhood's Charcoal Burning Party.

The situation after the legal reform is somewhat similar to the situation in Dashun at this time - widespread poverty under the private ownership of small land; capitalist production mode and initial industrialization have unlimited impact on handicraftsmen; financial capital lends rent interest and lets small farmers use their land as collateral There is usury; speculation and hoarding are everywhere; industry and industry are just beginning to show their great power; old systems, including morals and traditions, are crumbling; the bloody cruelty of the new age is just beginning.

In history, before Saint-Simon died, his disciples surrounded him, and the doctor asked him how he was, was he feeling uncomfortable?

He left a famous last words:

[Not bad, maybe I'm lying, but there's no point in saying that, let's talk about socialism]

[The goal I want to achieve in my whole life is to build a society where all members of society can maximize their talents, and ultimately benefit the world... You must always be full of enthusiasm for the completion of this great cause]

[I can't do it anymore, it's up to you to unite and fight for socialism!The time has come and we are sure to win! 】

This year, Karl Heichlein Marx was only 7 years old and had just entered the first grade of elementary school.

In this year, his chief disciple, Saint-Amand Bazar, who once engaged in the conspiracy of the Carbonari small circle together with Lafayette, completed the important work of interpreting the scriptures, wrote the Interpretation of the Sacred Doctrine, and quickly Became a famous school in France.

Of course, Saint-Simon's ideas are utopian, and of course later generations can criticize them.

But at the time, he was in France and meant a lot.

Because before him, the radicals in France followed the routine of secret societies and existed in the form of "artisan brotherhood", which was the organizational model of standard urban artisans.This kind of secret organization of craftsmen and handicrafts before the industrial age is similar all over the world.

This side is called Shangxian; the other side is called to replace the natural nobles with talented nobles.

This side is called Shangtong; the other side is called low-level members who must unconditionally obey the instructions of the highest member.

This is called universal love; the other is called loving your neighbor as yourself. Everyone should treat others as brothers and sisters.

One side is called Ming Gui; the other side is called the Fare era and the chaos after that, which caused some people to doubt and despair about [human beings' ability to construct and lead history through rationality], so they pinned their hopes on the existence of a kind that can guide On the gods of mankind...

In addition, there are many similarities, including secret organization models, paramilitary organizations, and extreme love for participating in political activities.

Early Freemasonry, Italian and French Carbonari, all pretty much the same thing.

Before the rise of Saint-Simonism, the Carbonari was considered a prominent school in France.

The problem is that.

The era of craftsmen, the era of handicraftsmen, will eventually pass, and will certainly pass.

In the industrial age, this secret organization of craftsmen will be crushed.

Even so, Saint-Simon's doctrine, in this critical transitional period between the old and the new, has taken away a large part of the former "craftsman's secret organization" such as the previous wave of outstanding talents-they are flying red and black flags .

Although Saint-Simon is utopian, he is a critical utopia, and it is a critical utopia based on the industrial age, on the efficient organization of modernization, on the development of industry and large-scale industry.

And in the end, the scientific positivism developed by his personal secretary and the father of Western sociology, Auguste Comte, became prominent in the period of the Third Republic. It is gradually annihilated.

This wave, historically, is very important to France.

Because it is not a good thing for the previous wave of "scholarship", or the progressive aristocrats, craftsmen, urban petty bourgeois and small producers to continue to evolve.For example, Italy, where the Carbonaran Party has a great influence, has a very deep trace of this set of thoughts. It can even be said that until the Red Brigade or the Mafia, they are quite influenced by this culture and tradition.

In short, times have changed.

Since economic determinism is wrong.

Then, a prominent study has a huge impact on the follow-up spirit of the country in a certain period of time.

Social existence determines social consciousness.Upper decision decided by the economic background.

However, the social existence at this time has given birth to a social consciousness that fits the social existence at this time; and the theory of this fit will in turn act on and affect the real world; and the real world that is affected and affected exists, It will also affect the previously matched social consciousness.

Fortunately, for Dashun, no matter what, the background of the next round of "Xianxue" is still based on the era of "big industry".

Even speaking, on Dashun's side, many inheritances left by Liu Yu are actually crooked scriptures.

But crooked scriptures are crooked scriptures, and reverse training is reverse training. Whether it is crooked or reverse, the background is there. It is based on industrialism. The distribution system under capitalist production relations is only fully displayed.

However, that's not the point.

The point is, apart from the Saint-Simonism set of things, apart from those things of the Utopian Society, the real core is industrialism.

In fact, Saint-Simon was the first to formally use the term "industrialism".

To be precise, after France experienced the legal revolution, on the issue of how to go in the future, in France "industrialism of free natural order" and "organized, technocratic and state entities promoting orderly industry When there was conflict and heated debate between the two, it was Saint-Simon who initiated organized industrialism.

In other words, during the transitional period between feudal society and industrial society, he was the one who created a set of future-oriented learning based on industrial society amidst the reaction of craftsman thoughts.

Of course, later Comte had a disagreement with him and left him.

But for the two terms "progress and order", Saint-Simon puts "progress" as the main term, while Comte puts "order" first.Of course, this is also the reason why the Third Republic chose Comte’s scientific positivism as its official ideology after the Commune. After decades of turmoil in the Second Empire, order was chosen first.

This famous school, the road in France, can be mutually confirmed with Dashun to a certain extent.

After all, without the element of "community", this school of science has more of the background of industrialism, or the industrial party. At its core, it is a school that does not consider production relations, but pure productivity, leading society from the feudal era to Doctrine of the Industrial Age.

In other words, "technocracy".

For example, the origins of Saint-Simon's important early followers, or disciples:
Leper Enfantine, first director of the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranean railway company.

Olinde Rodriguez of the Perel family, a large financial institution such as the French Real Estate Mortgage Bank, the French Shipping Company, and the Paris Saint-Germain Railway Company, which influenced all aspects of the French Second Empire.

Credit Lyonnais and Société Générale were established under the influence of his thoughts.

Saint-Amand Bazar, the head of the French Forest Brotherhood and the Charcoal Party, and the student leader of the Paris Polytechnique.

Alphonse Lavallie, who funded the creation of the Ecole Centrale in Paris.

Napoleon III's economic adviser to the Senate, Michel Chevalier.

A group of pioneers in the colonial policy of Algeria, a large number of engineer graduates of the Ecole Polytechnique.

Father of the English Channel, Aimee de Garmond.

In short, it is not difficult to see that these people are not so much "communities" as they are "industrial capitalists" and "technocrats."

Who do you think gave Nasan the title of "Emperor of Socialism"?

As soon as Saint-Simon died, the actual Saint-Simon school split.

A part of them went to the society, and continued to fight and think.

Part of it has moved toward religious humanism, reaction, and religion creation.

Part of it has moved towards pure technical industrialism and French colonialism.

The most representative one is the École Polytechnique, which had the deepest influence of Saint-Simonism and almost supported half of the technical bureaucracy and industrial achievements of the French Second Empire-this was established in the flames of war and was established during the Battle of Paris before the emperor abdicated. A radical school that can organize the mathematics department as artillery to resist the Cossack cavalry attack without infantry protection, and actively participate in any movement. Along with industrialism and school graduates become imperial technocrats and have smooth careers, they have become Became the "bastion of general social conservatism" and in the uprising of March 1871, 3, the school that had been a radical movement, no participation in the whole process - this is no longer a scientific laboratory, radical students However, since Saint-Simonism in the Second Empire became a prominent school, it became "the incubation ground for the 'new aristocrats' and 'gifted aristocrats' of the nation, that is, technocrats."

From this point of view, Dashun’s Practical School, after Li’s coup, essentially took a similar position to the group at the École Polytechnique—pure technocratic industrialism.

(End of this chapter)