Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1473 The Last Farce (Twenty)
In fact, when many things are crushed, it is a matter of social relations.The land issue is even more obvious. Many policies exist to maintain certain social relations.

Feudalism is a social relationship, and capital is also a social relationship. In the end, it has to go back to maintaining social relationships that are beneficial to the ruling class.

For example, the serfdom in Russia, of course, must maintain this specific social relationship.Because the nobles fought for a long time and sealed a lot of land, but in the reality of the wild land in Russia, where the land is sparsely populated, only a lot of land is given, and no one is given. It is impossible to maintain the social relationship of serfs supporting the nobles. Therefore, it is necessary to implement serfdom, so that serfs are subordinate to the land, and the land is subordinate to the nobles.Enfeoffing land without enforcing people is equal to not enforcing land.

For example, Dashun's original tenancy system does not need to introduce too many laws on personal attachment, and even just looking at the law, it seems that the degree of personal attachment is gradually reducing.

But the problem is that Dashun's situation is here.For example, there are legends around some monk temples that "everyone is a father-in-law for eighteen miles around".The tenant said that the law has no such obligation as power or personal attachment.But the monk said, well said, you understand the law, then don't rent my land, starve to death.

When the contradiction between man and land reaches the extreme and the industry has not developed, most people will show a state of "voluntary" dependence, regardless of the fact that the law does not stipulate various subordination relationships.If this state of "voluntary" subordination cannot be achieved, strict laws and special policies need to be introduced to maintain this social relationship with the force of the state.

This is true of serfdom in Russia, the intention of Hamilton’s large land sale system, and the later black slave escape law in southern states. It also includes the monetization of Liu Yu’s sale of wasteland in Fusang, forcing migrants to work as wage laborers for several years policy, as well.

To clear away the fog, we must see clearly that these policies and laws are to maintain or forcibly create "what kind of social relations", and then we will know which class interests these policies and laws are protecting.

To put it simply, whose interests are Liu Yu's land policies in Fusang protecting?
Obviously, it is protecting the interests of the industrial bourgeoisie.Because, without Liu Yu's land policy, the migrants would not be subordinate to industrial capital, and they would run away instead of working there.

In Dashun itself, this situation is reversed.Because of the huge contradiction between people and land, as well as the "relatively surplus population", the displaced people will "naturally" belong to industrial and commercial capital, if there is one.

Then, when Li Yan considered the problems after the railway was completed, he had to think clearly.

When issues such as railways and transportation are different from what they are now; when social existence in a few years or more than ten years is different from what it is now.

It is necessary to use the future situation to think about future policies, not the current situation north of the Songliao watershed, the form of social relations, and whether it is subordinate or subordinate, to formulate future policy assumptions after the railway is completed.

Otherwise, it's just asking for the sword again.

For example, from the beginning of Dashun's journey to Nanyang to the end of World War I, these new military nobles have risen.

At this moment, if you say that you have meritorious service, according to the tradition, you will be rewarded for your meritorious service.The emperor said, I think there is a lot of land on the banks of the Ussuri River, and the family should give ten thousand hectares of land as reward.These new military aristocrats are afraid that they will curse in their hearts on the spot: If you have meritorious service, you will not be rewarded. You are not the owner of the land. If you reward me with 3000 hectares of land there, it is better to reward me with [-] mu of land next to the capital.

However, if the railway is built, similar to the North American railway, 1.18 million acres of land will be given, and about 7 million acres of land will be on both sides of the railway.Even if it is the same land as before, it must be completely different.

Engels said that potatoes, and the potato winemaking method, saved the Prussian Junkers and made them complete the transformation in the new era.

So, is it possible to think that if the railway is built, the soybeans north of the Songliao watershed, and the soybean oil and bean cake industry will give birth to a group of transformational military nobles in Dashun?

This is not whether Li Yan wants to make such a thing happen.

Rather, if he wants to do something, he's an ass himself.

There has to be support.And if someone supports or follows him, then he has to be rewarded.

Of course, there may be some people in the practical school who take the world as their own responsibility, and feel that if they continue to do this, it will be over and they must carry out in-depth reforms.For this reason, Li Yan may be supported.

But such rationalists are, after all, a minority.

More people are nothing more than hoping to get benefits and get benefits.

If the bourgeoisie supports him, then he has to give benefits to the bourgeoisie.For example, if the bourgeoisie wants to occupy the land near the railway that is convenient for transportation to grow soybeans after the road is repaired, then he has to provide policies.

If those people from the Practical School follow him, they will also benefit from it.

Lao Ma said: [Fraudulent transfer of state-owned land, looting of village communal land, plundering feudal clan-owned land, transforming all these into modern private property under unscrupulous terror, this is primitive accumulation Methods.These methods give capitalist agriculture a field of activity. 】

Li Yan supported Liu Yu's immigration policy in Fusang, and also supported the development of capitalist agriculture in the "wasteland" area, and even his pioneering ideas were capitalist.

but.

Liu Yu is very clear.

Li Yan, first of all, cannot be a great bourgeois revolutionist, all striving to realize the establishment of the capitalist order in the world or in Dashun.

Secondly, it is even more impossible for him to be a goal of working hard for the well-being of the [-] million people in Dashun, and striving for the improvement of the living standards of small farmers in Dashun.

Therefore, even if he supports, or even develops ideas, it is obviously reversing the capitalist style of the old horse.

However, his purpose is not the two goals mentioned above.

Even if you don't consider his own ambitions, or even think that he is not a pure careerist.

Then, his train of thought is still clear:
The conflict between people and land in Kyushu has already been like this, and the rule will continue in the old way, and the appointment will be over.

Once the calf is over, he, who is serious about "sleeping with the country", will definitely follow the calf.

Li Yan does not recognize class contradictions, or he does not consider issues in this way.

He condensed the problem of Dashun into an abstract "contradiction between man and land", that is, the contradiction of "insufficient land per capita".

In this way of thinking, he is essentially the same as the old emperor's thinking of "Wang Xieyan, the people's family".

It is nothing more than the old emperor's belief that the yield per mu should be increased; but he believes that it is unrealistic to increase the yield per mu, and it is better to increase the total amount of land.

So why does he support capitalist farming?Why do you think this way?

It's not because he is a great bourgeois revolutionary who wants to work hard for the establishment of a global capitalist order, or even what he himself calls the "new etiquette" world.

It's because this method of relocation is the most efficient.

The purpose is to emigrate.

How to achieve efficiency.

Is capitalism efficient relative to self-migration of small farmers?
As far as Liu Yu has done several reforms before, whether it is going to Nanyang or moving to Fusang, it is obvious that they are all very efficient.Compared with the spontaneous migration of small farmers, it can be said to be dozens of times more efficient.

So, is there a more efficient way?

In theory, there is.

Practical radicals rely on the state to control the huge land income as capital, and the entire state's administrative focus is on immigration, reclamation, and land occupation.

However, it is impossible for Li Yan to accept this theoretically more efficient method, and he absolutely dare not accept it, and it is absolutely impossible for Li Yan to become a thorn in the side of the old gentry, bureaucrats and landlords all over the world.

He may envy Liu Xiu and Zhu Di, but it is absolutely impossible to position himself as Wang Mang.

Therefore, he will choose the relatively efficient capitalist agricultural development model, so as to try to quickly solve the "biggest contradiction in his opinion" in Kyushu-the problem of man and land.

Why do you think this way? Apart from the aforementioned that he belongs to the representative of those who see the crisis in the ruling class, there is another more important reason.

At this time, the word "中" in Chinese.

Especially after Dashun went to Nanyang, won the First World War, and drew a line in the Appalachian Mountains.

This "China" is not a simple concept of country or geography.

The word "中" literally means the "center" of the "international political order".

Whoever controls Kyushu and stabilizes Kyushu will be the emperor at the center of the world political order.

Take some very traditional tributary systems.

Whoever can complete the great unification in Kyushu will be the emperor of "the world".North Korea and other vassal states will pay tribute spontaneously.

The core of the Son of Heaven is the emperor of Kyushu.

As long as there is no chaos within the Kyushu, with Dashun already winning the first battle and drawing a line in the Appalachian Mountains, everything is trivial.

Fuso West Coast is now an accessory.Nanyang is completely bound to Kyushu.

Therefore, the key to everything lies within Kyushu.

In Kyushu, in Li Yan's view, what is the biggest problem?

Contradictions between people and land.

Therefore, everything starts from "solving the contradiction between man and land in Kyushu".

For this purpose, it is the best choice to be as fast and efficient as possible without causing chaos.

As for which model, it doesn't matter whether you want to follow the "Prussian road" or the "American road" mentioned by Ilyich.

How fast, how come.

How can quickly stabilize the situation, how come.

How can we quickly achieve the removal of 10 people from the core area of ​​Kyushu every year?

In other words, no matter what, Li Yan wanted to "improve" the living environment of small farmers in Kyushu.Whether it's a light payment or a low tax, or redemption and self-cultivation, or something else, it's possible.

However, once you get out of the Kyushu basic market, go to Fusang, go to the north of the Songliao watershed, and go to Nanyang, you can come here as you like.

To put it bluntly, if slavery can be practiced there, Li Yan may have to support slavery, and he may even take the initiative to sell people to Fusang to earn money.Of course, this may be a theory of punishment, after all, the reality at this time does not have such conditions, but his train of thought is very clear in Liu Yu's view.

That is to say, the hidden difference between him and Liu Yu: he has not experienced the future, so subconsciously, he does not believe in Liu Yu's saying that industry and commerce accommodate the majority of the population in the future.

And his way of thinking about pioneering, although it is a standard capitalist agricultural way of thinking.However, this is a means, not an end, and his purpose is still to solve what he considers the "contradictions between man and earth".To some extent, he may think that if the per capita land is [-] mu, then even if there is a tenancy system and land mergers, it will not be a big problem.

(End of this chapter)