Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1472 The Final Farce ([-])
Of course, this does not mean that there is no taxation, or no rule.

Rather, here, taxation is to destroy or support a certain industry in India; rule is to rob profits more conveniently for the bourgeoisie.

Li Yan wants to use some means to destroy India's sugar industry, so it is.

The same is true for Liu Yu who wants to develop cotton planting in India by supporting the cotton planting industry.

It may be that the former has many tax increases, while the latter not only does not increase taxes, but even exempts them to a certain extent.

For Li Yan's idea, on the whole, it is indeed possible.

East of the Cape of Good Hope and west of Japan, the only countries that can really compete in the sugar industry are Southeast Asia and India.

The difference is that the Nanyang sugar industry can use Chinese, and is more inclined to use Chinese, which is convenient for relocation, and it is also convenient for trade connecting soybean-producing areas and sugarcane-growing areas in the Northeast.

In the Indian sugar industry, even if planters and sugar factory owners are Chinese, they will never use migrants from Dashun, because the cost of labor is obviously higher than that of using local Indians, especially in conjunction with India's caste system and land system.

Other than that, there's not much "competition" to speak of.

Historically, in the 18th century, Japan tried to introduce sugar cane to squeeze sugar by itself. Because of Japan's dietary problems, Japan was addicted to sugar.

But obviously, Japan's attempt to grow sugarcane by itself is no different from the Swedes' attempt to grow their own mulberry trees to raise silkworms.This thing, to put it bluntly, is really an industry that depends on the face of God. No matter how capable you are, you can't grow sugarcane and mulberry trees in places with high latitudes.

Therefore, if this set of tools is used well, it is indeed very helpful to immigrants.Not only Nanyang, but also north of the Songliao watershed.

Seeing that Li Yan has mastered this set of things proficiently, Liu Yu also finished listening to Li Yan's discussion on the "soybean market" in the remaining two directions.

On the whole, the idea is desirable.

It can even be said that specific situations and specific issues have been considered.

The idea of ​​the Su and Lu areas is nothing more than a proper transformation, using the advantage of sea transportation, without having to consider the shortage of food, and compulsorily buying cash crops for the development of the small-scale peasant economy.

The market in Japan is based on the transformation of agricultural crops in the Sulu region.

First, Japan's rice can continue to increase exports.

Second, Japan can also properly develop mining industries such as copper and sulfur.

Three times, the population pressure in Japan, the land rent and rice income of the vassals, and the food demand after the continued development of industry and commerce in the Sulu area, etc., will also prompt Japan to expand trade as a national policy of imports after knowing that bean cakes can be used to fertilize the fields. .

As for the miso, soy sauce, and natto that the Japanese eat, they are not the main direction of market growth.

Soybean is, after all, a commercial crop.

If this has reached the era of breech-loading guns and glycerin explosives, soybeans, as a high-quality oil crop, can also expand their industries on a large scale if they catch up with a world war.But now, this direction does not need to be considered for the time being.

Japan's land system, the rice income of the feudal lords, the pressure of Japan's population growth, and the demand for rice for industrial and commercial development in the coastal areas of Dashun, it should be said that Li Yan's thinking is clear.

As long as Dashun relies on its existing military advantages and adds some means, Japan can definitely become the third largest soybean consumer market outside of the mainland and Southeast Asia.

Now that we have these three major markets, as long as the transportation problem is solved, the figure of 30 million immigrants a year from the north of Songliao mentioned by Li Yan is not an exaggeration at all.

Even, possibly more.

Moreover, in view of the development of this fully commercialized planting industry, it is entirely possible to use semi-industrial level agricultural machinery to reduce costs and replace manpower.

In addition, the development of the planting industry oriented by the commodity fertilizer soybean industry does not only need agricultural population.

Corresponding industries such as oil extraction, transportation, and pressing also require manpower.

In short, the idea is to make way for capital.

The navy, fleet, corps stationed in India, and national policies must serve capital.

If you need a market, find a market.

If transportation is needed, build railways.

If they need land, they are allowed to occupy land in the Songnen Plain at a low price, sell the state-owned land at a low price, or use it as a "remuneration" for "coup support".

The emigration is dominated by capital, and the purpose is only to solve the contradiction between people and land in the Central Plains.People can move to the Western Regions, Northeast China, Fusang, or Nanyang. He doesn't care as long as they are working as small farmers or hired labor on the farm after moving there.

Li Yan's way of thinking, it should be said, has laid the groundwork for Dashun's future chaos.

If history is a guide, it is the "Jefferson-Hamilton Land Policy Dispute" in history.

Jefferson believed that with so much land in North America, there should be land for the tiller.In contrast, in the previous land sales system, the minimum amount of land sold was 640 acres, that is, the minimum amount of land was nearly 4000 acres.In the end, the landless people and pioneers who really needed the land could not get the land at all.

At that time, of course, large-scale agriculture of a commercial nature will develop.However, commercial capital will definitely take advantage of loopholes, relying on the high price of 4000 mu, the common people can't afford it, so they rush to hoard the land, and then sell it in small pieces to make a difference.

This is contrary to the vision of land to the tiller and Jefferson's belief in returning to an agricultural society and emphasizing agriculture over commerce.

Moreover, Jefferson was very clear about what kind of commercial capital and the virtues of a businessman: he said that at the time. Go out and make the difference, then hell.

Hamilton, and the capitalists, commercial capital, and plantation land demanders behind it, finally formulated the "1785 Land Act", with a minimum purchase area of ​​4000 acres.If you can't afford 4000 mu of land at one time, don't buy land and work part-time.

This is not about the class supporters behind Hamilton, nor about the class attributes of his "1785 Land Act".

Let me just talk about Hamilton's thinking, that is, there is no shortage of land in North America, and the country does not have too much conflict between people and land, but it is short of money.

Since there is so much land, it is better to sell it quickly, realize the land and convert it into cash and treasury revenue.

On the one hand, the national debt can be repaid quickly.

On the other hand, the privatization and sale of a large amount of state-owned land can quickly raise funds to invest in his "Manufacturing Development Plan".

Hamilton also admitted that this would inevitably lead to the rapid expansion of the financial capital group, and land speculation was inevitable.

And obviously, it will lead to financial capital hoarding land, and then cutting it into small pieces to sell, earning the difference, and even financial capital will lend usury.

However, in the same way, relying on the purchase of small farmers to quickly complete the privatization of state-owned land, so as to quickly realize it, and use it to repay the national debt and as a subsidy for the development of the manufacturing industry is obviously too slow.

Everything has both good and bad sides.

Land speculation is certainly a bad side, but as long as manufacturing development can be completed quickly, the good side outweighs the bad side.

Hamilton believed that as long as a strong, efficient and centralized government can be established and the manufacturing industry can be fully developed relying on regulatory means and state investment, then the negative land speculation brought about by this land law is acceptable.

At the end of the day.

In terms of economic structure, this is a dispute between "dominance of small peasant economy" and "domination of capitalist industry and commerce".

In terms of government composition, this is a struggle between decentralized state power and centralized power.

In terms of class attributes, it is the struggle between capital and small farmers.

Objectively speaking, Hamilton's policy failed.

For a long period of time, this set of land laws has encouraged the rapid growth of financial capital, caused usury and sublease issues, and suppressed the rhythm of land development for a long time.

And because of the failure of Hamilton's Newburgh conspiracy, the failure of centralization, and the rejection of his manufacturing development plan...

The benefits he expected were not seen much.

He is well aware of the disadvantages, but there are flowers everywhere.

However, in the end, Hamilton's idea was completed in a "unintentional" way.

That is, the early land speculation activities quickly created a group of financial groups with strong capital.

With the emergence of the railway after Hamilton's death, these financial groups with strong capital accumulated and accumulated a large amount of capital accumulated from land speculation invested in the construction of canals and railways.

In the end, because of the construction of canals and railways, the "Homestead Law" had practical significance, and finally promoted the westward movement.

It should be said that Hamilton's thinking is clear and correct.But in the end, there is still one less problem to consider.

He believed that North America had no shortage of resources or land at that time, but what was lacking was "capital accumulated together".This capital can be private or national, such as his concept of centralization and the "Manufacturing Development Plan".

Even his attitude towards industry and commerce is very clear: squeeze small farmers and small craftsmen to death, and develop large enterprises to compete with Europe, such as his "Whiskey Tax Law."

Including, the idea of ​​his land law is to eliminate potential small farmers and force them to belong to capital instead of self-cultivators with their own means of production, so as to solve the problem of labor shortage in North American industry and commerce.

But his failure was that he did not consider the chronic problems of colonization, and attempted to eliminate the first type of private ownership and quickly establish the second type of private ownership when the conditions were not ripe.

However, in view of the current situation in North America, he realized the reality of lack of capital and the importance of primitive accumulation. In an extreme way, he helped capital groups complete primitive accumulation by selling state-owned land—in North America, manufacturing was completely suppressed. Under the current situation of European crushing, it seems that the primitive accumulation can only be completed by relying on land, which indeed laid the foundation for the subsequent investment in the development of canals and railways.

However, the situation in Dashun is more complicated than this problem.

But the essence, especially for those wastelands that can be cultivated, may add a more complicated difference.

If we say, the dispute between Jefferson and Hamilton.

In terms of economic structure, this is a dispute between "small peasant economy dominance" and "industrial and commercial dominance".

In terms of government composition, this is a struggle between decentralized state power and centralized power.

In terms of class attributes, it is the struggle between capital and small farmers.

Well, for Dashun, there is no need to consider the relationship between the government, the central government, and the local government.

However, it is inevitable that in view of the old-fashioned fantasy of the Ida system and the crooked "Saint-Simonism" mentioned by Liu Yu, I am afraid that one more thing must be added.

In terms of economic structure, is this a dispute between "dominance of small-scale peasant economy" and "domination of capitalist industry and commerce", or a dispute over agricultural manor cooperatives like that mentioned in Nasan's "On the Elimination of Poverty".

In terms of class attributes, in addition to the struggle between capital and small farmers, military aristocrats must also be added. This is a force that cannot be ignored in Dashun, and it is also a force that Li Yan must "repay" if he has ambitions.

And what if military aristocrats, the original feudal ruling class, and capital are attached together?Isn't this thing called a Japanese chaebol or a Prussian Junker?

(End of this chapter)