Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1464 The Last Farce ([-])

"Besides, can the imperial court be the middleman?"

"The tenants who got the land should hand over the redemption fee to the court, not directly to the landlord."

"The imperial court collects redemption fees every year, and then invests the money in industry. It only gives interest to the landlord."

"After 20 years or more than ten years, the principal will be returned to the landlord in one lump sum. It is mandatory to turn their 'redemption fee' into a bond for the development of the industry at the end of their lives, instead of letting them take the gold in their hands. Silver is invested in land purchases and lending.”

"Or, force a part of the bonds of mines, railways, and factories to be used as part of the principal to the landlord."

"That is to say, the reclamation plan can't solve the problem of 'money making money'. The main reason is that the land for reclamation is tens of thousands of miles away from the sea. Therefore, the 'money making money' must be gambled on industry."

"As long as, 20 years later, the industry develops; or the steamer ship can carry more people and more cargo across the sea conveniently."

"Then, 20 years later, these landlords may not be able to exchange the bonds of the factories and mines in their hands. Even if they exchange them, the silver price will be cheap at that time, and the imperial court will issue more precious banknotes in the past 20 years..."

"In this way, if the landlords are unwilling to do business, the imperial court will force them to do it, force them to do it, and use their 'redemption fee' directly to do it."

"Since the Duke believes that in the future, industry and commerce will be far superior to agriculture, then take this as the basis and make a big gamble. As long as the industry develops and it is convenient to cross the ocean, these principals will be trivial things in the future-no Speaking of other things, if it is convenient for the steamer to cross the sea in the future, wouldn't it be easy for the imperial court to sell the wasteland in Fusang for several hundred million taels to repay the principal of the redemption?"

"This is one of them."

"Secondly, Yu Songsu, the former Duke of the State, was also worried about the problem of silver flowing to land purchases. He issued banknotes to force the settlement of silver in foreign trade, artificially creating difficulties for silver to flow to inland farmland."

"The most important thing for the imperial court now is to reform the currency, adopt the silver and gold standard, and abolish the status of copper coins."

"Once this is done, it's not easy to create two sets of currencies. In that way, there will be no hindrance for the silver from Songsu and other places to flow into the inland farmland."

"So, can we think of another way to fix these floating capitals?"

"For example, use the reputation of the imperial court, especially the reputation that has been achieved in the development of the Fusang gold mine in the past few years; use the imperial court's army to take advantage of trade in India, Persia, etc.... to open a special lending bank?"

"This lending bank can provide factories, mines, etc. with slightly low-interest loans. The premise is that these factories, mines, etc., take their shares as collateral."

"The lending bank opened by the imperial court will use its reputation, overseas markets, and the shares mortgaged by these industrial and mining companies as collateral to issue bonds and absorb funds."

"At that time, one can achieve the result that the government supervises and manages all industries such as industry and mining. Because most of their shares are pledged in this lending bank, the imperial court can use these shares to supervise these industries."

"Secondly, all the floating capital in the society is turned into bonds of lending banks. In essence, it is to make all the floating capital in the society become interest-bearing and fix the floating capital. As long as the industrial and mining industries develop If the profit is higher than the interest paid, then this set can be sustained. At the same time, it also avoids as much as possible the flow of floating capital, which flows into private lending, land trading, and land speculation.”

"Thirdly, businessmen invest with short-sightedness and disorder. Today, seeing that Jia is expensive, they will produce Jia in one go. In the future, Jia will be as cheap as water, and many investors will go bankrupt."

"If this is done, in essence, the kind of bank I am talking about lending to industry and commerce will be the baton of this kind of production. It will make the production of the industrial and mining industries, like fingers, no longer disorderly. A industry has a bright future. Then lend them more money; industry B obviously has no prospects, so don’t lend them money.”

"In this way, it is not only in line with the idea of ​​dividing the inside and the outside; it is also equivalent to setting up a Tianyou Temple and a court in the pioneering area. The talents in this court should be mainly based on the practical school, and they will be selected by them. The best among them will be the 'commander' of the development industry."

"That is to say, the selected top scholars of practical studies will control the development of the industry through the bank; in turn, through this credit bank, the floating capital will be fixed, so as not to make them use it indiscriminately, especially not to let them Where to go, such as hoarding land, hoarding goods, manipulating prices, etc.”

"And in this way, there are many methods available to the court."

"For example, the policy of officials, mountains and seas. If the imperial court can control the prices of saltpeter and guano overseas, then it is very simple. The imperial court does not sell money, but allows small farmers who have land to exchange grain for saltpeter fertilizers. In this way, the imperial court can control For the price of grain, the law of officials, mountains, seas, salt and iron can be used to incorporate taxes into the sale, and the court has more resources in its hands, instead of only the annual income of tens of millions of taels of silver, and it is impossible to buy grain at critical times. "

"For example, building railways and so on. The imperial court can invest a lot of money in it, and this kind of industry has slow results and low returns, but it can't be done without repairing, and the benefits will be infinite after repairing. Only in this way, these Only capital can be forced to invest in places with great benefits but cannot be short-sighted. This does not require much foresight, as long as you look back at the Grand Canal, you will know how much benefit the Grand Canal, which the Duke said does not require water, will have. "

For Li Yan to have such an idea, Liu Yu is not surprised at all.

Of course, in Liu Yu's place, practical learning is said to be something that has skills but no way, and only practices external skills.

Of course, Liu Yu was talking about trade and national wealth.

What's more, Liu Yu's knowledge of the old horse either only half-spoken, or not practiced at all.

But, after all, there are some things that still change the minds of many people in a subtle and silent way.

After all, Lao Ma's thoughts did not change overnight.It was developed on the basis of German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and French utopian society, inheriting and criticizing.

Liu Yu doesn't even understand the superficial aspects of German classical philosophy.These things may not match the taste of Dashun's traditional things.

Since he talked about half of Lao Ma’s theory, or even practiced it at all, except for the German classical philosophy that he really didn’t understand, then it is obvious that the “corpse turned into fertilizer” in the two new ideas of British classical political economy and French utopian society, Resurrected in a posture that is not a corpse but a living person.

Nasan's "On the Elimination of Poverty" is full of nonsense throughout, and it was never completed.But the idea is clear—to use the generally poor proletarians under the small-scale peasant economy to form an agricultural industrial army, and then use agriculture to force industrial wages to rise.

It's just that this nonsense is based on "assuming that France has 919 million hectares of high-quality wasteland, which can be reclaimed at any time, effective in three years, and paid back in two years."

Therefore, the nonsense in "On the Eradication of Poverty", even though Dashun and the group of realists have never read this book, and even Nasan's uncle is probably still in the womb of his mother in Corsica at this time, still Rangshi School spontaneously came up with the idea of ​​"immigrating to Fusang and eradicating widespread poverty".

And the real thing to be honest is to quickly complete the first industrial revolution in France, the development of industrialization, and the modernization of Paris under the guise of Saint-Simon's "community" and Saint-Simon's "industrialism" remodel.

The cornerstone of Saint-Simon's industrialism is "the orderly development of industries, breaking the disorder and anarchy of capitalist production, allowing the banking industry and national credit to serve as the baton of the industry, and a government-supervised business office composed of professional elites."

Here, the elite, as the brains.

National credit and big banks, as arms.

The brain directs the arms.

Then the arm directs the industry.

The main line of Saint-Simon's economic thought is very clear.

One: Retain private ownership.

Two: Elite leadership.Industry committees, including industrial capitalists, big businessmen, and bankers, guide the operation of society.

[Geniused people should maintain complete independence in suitable positions, give them great respect, and grant them the right to control social wealth and social money]

Three: Admit that the prosperity of the world is for profit, and the world's hustle and bustle is for profit.To lure it.

Namely: 【Protect private ownership, recognize private ownership.We should use the temptation of private interests to promote and lure them with national policies, and invest capital in real projects such as canals, railways, and bridges.And promote drainage, cultivation, irrigation, etc.]

[Attract wealthy business owners, merchants, and bankers to industry.Not only do not blame them, but protect them to obtain legitimate interests from labor that is beneficial to society]

[Private interest is the only motive that can direct the public interest. 】

In short: the behavior of obtaining legitimate interests in industries that are beneficial to society, that is, industry, commerce, and industry, is "the greatest charity", "the richest people of the people", and "industrial capitalists are the greatest philanthropists".

Four: Non-violence, fear of the participation and awakening of the whole people like Fage, and believe in royal power and imperial power.Pin your hopes on the supremacy of imperial power.

[Reformers should not use bayonets to realize their own ideas]

[Only need a group of real elites, real scholars, to prepare the national budget.Then with a decree from the king, the change can be completed]

The things Li Yan thought about were actually not unusual at all, and he thought it fit too well with Dashun's tradition.

Whether it is the feelings of private ownership shaped by the small real estate that goes deep into the bone marrow, or elitist politics, or belief in imperial power.

It's all too fitting.

Therefore, Liu Yu laughed and said, "This set, isn't this the [five equals and six tubes] and [Guanshan National Rail] in the age of steam engines?"

"The school of practical learning selects and recruits Jinshi to become rail officials."

"In the banking industry, there are five equals and six managements."

"The gentry and landlords didn't know the benefits of industry, so they used enlightenment and violence to incorporate their gold and silver into industrial development."

"His Royal Highness just finished saying that the 'Jianxing New Deal' cannot be accomplished, but a new set of 'Jianxing New Deal' came out after changing hands."

Li Yan also said with a smile: "At one time, at another time. If there were steam engines and railway prospects at that time, whether it was Wang Mang or Jing Gong, why should we still build everything on agriculture?"

"The loan of five equals and the method of young crops, although the interest money is used. But the interest money, doesn't it still come from agriculture?"

"The basics remain the same, but the standard is endless patterns, and that's the same."

"The basis of the Jianxing New Deal and Jingong's reforms is still in agriculture. Including the Xianxue that has emerged today, the emigration to Fusang and the profit from the reclamation cycle, the root is still in agriculture. The theory of Xianxue, in the final analysis, still feels that, If you invest ten dollars in cultivation, you can get back twenty dollars, and relying on this kind of continuous appreciation, you will finally complete the great migration."

"However, when I look at the reform of Guogong, especially the immigration of Fusang, I find that Guogong doesn't think that reclamation, that is, agriculture, especially the agriculture that spans tens of thousands of miles of oceans, can complete this value-added cycle. The immigration of Guogong is Agriculture is only auxiliary to what is built on top of industry and commerce.”

"Yes, this time, that time."

"If the Duke had to say, this is [five averages and six tubes] and [Guanshan National Rail] in the steam age... that may not be bad."

"The key is not whether it is [five averages and six tubes], [Guanshan National Rail], the key is that this is [industrial] five averages and six tubes Guanshan National Rail."

"Actually, I'm betting on one thing. The bet is that in 20 years, railway transportation can be used as the Grand Canal; the bet is that steamships can migrate across the ocean in 20 years, and the cost will be extremely reduced."

"If the bet succeeds, the bet wins."

"Then, in my opinion, the compulsory redemption of the land of the gentry and the landlord will be paid at an interest rate of 5% per year. The principal will be invested in the industry as mandatory dead-dated industrial bonds, and the principal will be returned after 20 years. After a little calculation, we can know that in 20 years After that, the total principal and interest will double.”

"Reclamation is not feasible. Unless there are hundreds of millions of acres of wasteland that can be reclaimed at any time in the Kyushu of the Central Plains, it is impossible to continue the road of reclamation and promote immigration with the benefit of reclamation."

"Only in industry, it may be possible to double these capitals in 20 years. That is to make this game go on."

"And I think the problems of the Chinese Empire lie in infrastructure and logistics; in railways and steamships; in transportation and freight costs. As long as this problem is solved, many problems will no longer be problems. At least, it will no longer be a problem hanging over the head. irreconcilable problems."

(End of this chapter)