Transmigrating to the Ming Dynasty’s Imperial Examination

Soon, Eunuch Liu came back with a magnifying glass with a crystal rhino horn and some cut flowers.

The emperor Hongzhi smiled at first sight and asked the prince: "Do you want to ask Mr. Cui to teach you the way of genres? If you want to learn, you must learn with your heart. If you are afraid to act like a baby in the middle, your husband will scold, and I will not Protect you."

Cui Xie glanced at the tray, his eyes turned slightly, as if he was about to talk about the way of heaven and man. The little prince trembled and shook his head quickly: "I can't stand this flower. Liu Banban took it on his own initiative. I only need him to bring a crystal mirror."

How could this Liu Banban become so clever when he met Mr. Cui? In the early years, Guojiu couldn't protect him when he forced him to make papers. Last time, when Guojiu uncles took away the servants in the East Palace, they couldn't think of any ideas. This time, he took the wrong things in front of his father and Mr. Cui. I'm almost listening to some science...

I had already brought Tan Dahan.

The prince blamed him a little bit, so he stopped using him to fetch things, and turned back to Yang Gao's father-in-law: "My big companion brings me some papers for the lonely."

The **** Gao personally went to pick up a wad of jade-printed paper, and by the way took the pen and ink, inkstone, and brush wash, put the things away, and personally researched ink for the prince. The two father-in-laws next to the prince were younger than him, but not as neat as him. They hadn't grabbed this job, and could only stand behind and watch the senior please please the prince.

On the ability to serve people, how can these two people compare with Gao Gonggong, who survived Wang Zhi and Liang Fang and became the **** of Sili Bingbi during the Chenghua years?

Zhu Hou looked after the vigorous figure of the high eunuch, feeling envy in his heart. But he didn't need pen and ink, walked directly over, took a piece of white paper and laid it out in the sun, and took the crystal lens to shine on the paper.

Cui Xie instantly understood what he was going to do, and immediately stopped and said: "His Royal Highness wants to use this mirror to make fire? This Wenhua Hall is decorated with wood and silk, which is easy to catch fire and is not cooperating with such a dangerous thing. Your Highness wants to take it. Fire can be drawn up to the stone bricks in the courtyard."

The prince deflected the lens, and the light spot that had just gathered scattered into one piece, and he smiled and said: "Why would the lonely set a fire in the palace? I'm just curious, why this mirror is looking at things and just removed from the paper. Is it bigger and bigger, and it will be blurred and invisible when it is far away? And when it is used to make fire, how can it be at such a high place to gather the sunlight into small spots, up or down, then Is the aperture bigger?"

Cui Xie got a chill from the back of his neck and involuntarily glanced at the prince—he finally remembered a little high school biology. He could fool liberal arts students. Why didn’t the prince ask about biology, but about physics?

He only remembered that Zhu Houzhao didn't love to read and fight, but he had never heard of this bear kid who likes to ponder physics!

The emperor on the jade steps only smiled and sneered "mischievous", and said softly: "Mr. Cui told the prince, and I also want to hear what heaven is hidden in this."

Heavenly reason? What is the principle of convex lens focusing... Is it the principle of light refraction?

Since the end of the sophomore exam, Cui Xie has packed up the physics book and the formulas and theorems in his head. Now I just recalled it, he also remembered that light would be refracted when it passed through a convex lens, and there was an upside-down imaging or something, but I had to explain it to others, that was impossible.

He rubbed his heart like a washing machine, but his expression did not change at all, and he even had an almost cruel fortitude.

——What he didn't understand, the prince and the emperor certainly didn't understand. If it's a big deal, then continue to measure the data, draw pictures, and list the equations, and let the prince do the calculations twice!

Cui Xie replied, "The minister didn't dare to understand, but he had some thoughts. If your majesty and the prince don't give up, the minister will talk about the twists and turns when the sun shines through this lens."

The emperor nodded in agreement. He walked over to the lecture, took the magnifying glass in the prince's hand, and moved the position in the air until a tiny and bright spot appeared on the paper. First, he named this point "focus."

When the light reaches this point, it can scorch the paper, so it is called the focus.

He couldn't remember how the focus came from in physics. Anyway, he had to introduce the word "focus" in. Otherwise, he couldn't talk about how the surface light refracted and focused.

It is not a new thing that the lens can ignite. The word "focus" is just as the name suggests. The emperor didn't care too much, so he hoped that he would go deeper and talk about the yin and yang.

If the prince had realized something, he asked him: "Mister, it is only when the crystal mirror is raised to this height that it is the focus, and it is not higher or lower, so the paper can't burn?"

Cui Xie smiled: "What the Prince said is extremely true. At this time, measure how far the center of the lens is from the surface of the paper. Let's call it the focal length of this crystal mirror. The minister tried the crystal mirror at home, and the thickness is different. Yes, the focal length is also different. You can ask father-in-law to take a ruler to compare."

Father Gao immediately put down his pen and ink, and Liu Jin reacted and said to the prince hurriedly: "Will the slave take it for Master Cui?"

The crown prince glanced at him and hesitated, but Cui Xie turned directly to the emperor, and pleaded: "The minister still needs a candle, two candlesticks, and a thick cardboard. Please help the minister to play with these things, so that your majesty See how the crystal mirror transmits light in person with the prince."

Doesn't the crystal lens naturally transmit light? Why use candlelight?

Tianzi was as curious as his son, and ordered the little servants on duty to get what he wanted. When the prince urged him to explain the principle of light focusing, Cui Xie asked him inexplicably to wait for the experiment, and then stood quietly at the table, closing his eyes slightly, recalling how the light refraction path was drawn in the candle imaging.

Forget it, draw as far as you can.

Anyway, the prince doesn't know as much as he does, so I'll fool around. In the future, foreign countries imported optical books, and the prince learned it. When he remembered that what he said was wrong, he would desperately praise the prince’s talent and admit that he was inaccurate at the beginning.

Choi Xie's mentality is already very detached.

When the waiter fetched the ruler and experimental equipment, he first measured the inaccurate focal length, and then put the two candlesticks into a candle and tied the magnifying glass to the focal length according to the scale of the ruler. The pair of large cardboard was held by Xie Ying, standing far from the other side of the lens, closing the doors and windows and doing the convex lens imaging experiment.

At first, what was reflected on the cardboard through the lens was only a fuzzy and scattered light and shadow. But when Cui Xie moved the candle out for a minute and Xie Ying also pushed the cardboard to move it far away, at a certain position, a clear reflection of the candle flame jumped out of the paper.

The prince uttered "Ah", pointed his finger at the candlelight reflection in the center of the paper screen, and asked in surprise, "How could it be upside-down! The crystals are so clear that the candle shadows passing through shouldn't be the same as the candles here. Is it?"

The emperor couldn't help but move down and take a closer look. Father Gao rushed forward to serve, not daring to leave.

The candle flame reflected on the paper is larger than the real candle flame, as clear as a reflection in a mirror. The most honorable father and son in the royal family looked surprised and interesting. They all looked at Cui Xie and asked him how this candle shadow became like this.

The experiment was successful, and the rest was fooled. Cui Xie smiled calmly, and said to the emperor: "The appearance of this candle shadow is related to the convex and concave shape of the crystal mirror. Any light that shines in from the focal length we just said can gather on the opposite side of the mirror. To become such a shadow, let's slowly push it out and write down the left and right lengths. Later, the minister will explain to His Majesty and His Royal Highness-this length can actually be calculated."

The emperor Hongzhi suddenly remembered the mysterious and mysterious feeling when he talked about soybean breeding that day in the imperial palace.

The emperor raised some precautions in his heart, telling him to move and measure his stools. As for how to calculate, he had the heart to teach him. He is now annoying about the affairs of the country, and it is no longer the time when he was in the East Palace to leave everything alone and just do paperwork.

Emperor Hongzhi sighed secretly, and then ordered the two good students to teach the prince, and left the **** Gao to watch the teaching on his behalf, and arranged a feast for the two heroes by the way, so he went back to the palace to read the memorial first.

The prince did not have this experience yet. After sending his father away, he still focused on looking at the candlestick. He also tried to push the candlestick out and the cardboard inward, seeing the clear candle shadow on the paper screen again and again...

He didn't care too much either, Cui Xie would write down a string of long and messy numbers every time the candle shadow became clear.

Until the candle shadow on the cardboard was almost invisible, the prince was satisfied, and forgot what topic he wanted to toss Cui Xie at first.

Mr. Cui is really a master of Neo-Confucianism. If the study of things is so fun, he would be willing to study!

The prince cleared his throat, and wanted someone to send this set of things back to the East Palace, and then reward them to Teacher Cui and Assistant Professor Xie. Unexpectedly, Cui Xie blew out the candles, asked someone to reopen the doors and windows, and smiled at him: "Only at the bottom of the palace asked the minister about the heavenly principles hidden in the lens, and the minister would like to explain something to your highness."

Oh... The prince straightened his body quickly and said respectfully: "Please explain, sir."

Mr. Cui took the white paper and drew a standard convex lens with the ink that Gao Eunuch just developed.

When I was in school, I saw the geometry teacher draw a circle freehand. They all felt that the students were particularly good at the bottom. Now it is his turn to draw and teach himself, only to realize that "there is no one, but he is familiar with it."

After painting embroidered portraits for so many years, now he can not only draw arcs, but also straight lines. The fold lines passing through the main optical axis of the picture, from the edge of the lens and the optical center, are as smooth and straight as those drawn on a boundary ruler.

He drew a scale of 1:10, set the focal length and the double focal length on the optical axis, and then took the two measured data just now, and drew the imaging principle on the graph proportionally.

Zhu Hou looked after the dense lines and numbers, and for some reason, a little shadow formed in his heart.

However, what Mr. Cui and Yan Yuese talk about is very simple. He has seen the phenomenon with his own eyes-as long as the candle is placed outside the focus, the reflection can be reflected on the other side of the lens. The farther the position is from the lens, the position of the reflection is The closer the lens, the smaller the image.

The little prince nodded frequently, feeling that he had fully understood the truth, but when he turned his head and looked at the distance between the lens on the table and the candle, he suddenly remembered something: "What if the candle is placed in focus? Why can't it be imaged? ?"

Mr. Cui put the candle and the lens in front of him, and asked him to look at the candle through the mirror-a magnified candle was reflected in the mirror, and the wax spot dripping from the candle was visible.

The prince suddenly realized and let out an exclamation.

Cui Xie didn't want to talk about the principle of this virtual image, and he couldn't explain it much. He simply kept the gentlemen’s good tradition of "calling a word and letting it come to mind", and said with a smile: "Let’s measure the focus first, and put the candle directly out of the focus when doing the experiment. It is easy to see the candle. In fact, if you change the individual lens, you don’t know where the focal length is, you can also use the image size to invert it..."

He extended the line running through the main optical axis and the edge of the lens on the picture, converged to a point, and then used that point as the apex of the candle's reflection, and drew a simple candle.

"Just ask someone to measure the distance between the candle and the lens, the length of the candle flame, and the length of the flame reflected on the board, and then the focal length can be calculated backwards."

He posed a few questions on his own, drawing pictures and formulating formulas for the prince in person. The drawing is thinking of the concave lens, and I drew a diagram of the principle of refraction of the concave lens on the same optical axis.

After the picture came out, he looked at the direction of the broken line, and his eyes suddenly lit up-

It’s no wonder that his trial microscope can make a magnification that is several times higher than that of a normal magnifying glass, but this telescope can’t handle it anyhow. It’s rare that a few can see clearly, and all the images seen are upside down. , It turns out that he thought about the wrong lens from the beginning!

Not two convex lenses, but one convex lens and one concave lens!

With binoculars, the generals who watch the city on the nine sides can spot the enemy and captives earlier, and act as a defense against crimes. Small island, reef!

His chest was so excited that he almost forgot to teach the little prince. Fortunately, the prince looked dizzy at these numbers and lost his mind, so he said to him, "I haven’t learned arithmetic very much yet, and some are not clear about this. Why doesn’t Mr. Cui even need to memorize formulas? of?"

After asking the prince to ask this question, Cui Xie recovered and looked at the numbers on the paper.

When he was in the Imperial College, he also learned "Nine Chapters Arithmetic". Most of them were fooled by the four arithmetic methods of elementary school, and he was not capable of teaching the prince into a mathematician. Moreover, the prince did not need to be a mathematician, as long as he was a little interested in mathematics, physics and chemistry, willing to accept modern science from foreign countries, and other ministers would help him understand it.

Thinking of this, Cui Xie became more gentle and taught the little prince a secret: "His Royal Highness asks people to surround the line with a rope, and then take a ruler to measure, don't you know how long? If you want to know The angle between this oblique line and the optical axis can also be divided into three hundred and sixty degrees, and people can make a semicircular protractor to measure it. Or take it a step further and ask people to calculate the **** of this line. ..."

There is no need for the prince to count it himself. Ask Xiaohuangmen to finish the measurement in advance and record the numbers. What does the prince want to count, don’t you know if you hold a pair of digital watches? You don't even have to be right yourself, as long as you can think of ideas and ask the person who passes the calculation.

Unexpectedly, Mr. Cui is such a Mr. Cui!

The prince was surprised by the intersection, and finally understood why the two uncles were punished by Mr. Cui so many times, and now they still talk about his benefits.

If other gentlemen can also allow him to memorize the book, it would be great to find someone to memorize it!

The prince was dreaming with excitement, but Mr. Cui suddenly asked him: "The two father-in-laws next to your Royal Highness are both from the inner library. Since they are the people you love and trust, you might as well ask them to learn more so that your Royal Highness can inquire."

Gao Feng was born in a serious inner study, Hanlin disciple, but Liu Jin was not. He came from a low-level eunuch, and he could only say that he knew a few words, and he had skimmed two books. He still didn't understand the four books and five classics, and he knew nothing about arithmetic.

The prince usually thinks that Liu Jin is considerate and will serve, but he doesn't think he doesn't study. But when Cui Xie asked, he realized that Liu Jin knew nothing. He was not as considerate as Father Gao, his wife, and couldn't help him with his studies. He couldn't take it out.

The high **** saw the prince's hesitant air, and said thoughtfully: "The little master deliberately delves into the Tao of genzhi. There should be a few servants who can read to accompany him. The servants went to tell the emperor, good Pope, Empress chooses a few good arithmetic commands for the young master."