The Primordial Wizard

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So far, the entire tower wizard has an immortal legendary wizard, two mythical wizards and a double-digit legendary epic wizard.

If according to Kaya World’s statement, the tower wizards can establish a **** system of their own, of course, it is not necessary for the wizards. The wizards already have the Magic Council and the Supreme Council. There is no need to imitate the Kaya gods. Tradition establishes the spiritual system.

The emergence of the law of conservation of energy has caused many wizards who believe in the "life force" theory to headshot to death, but some wizards who believe in the "life force" theory have improved the theory. They believe that the core of life force is magic, and no one can explain the magic. .

"Magic power must also be a kind of energy. We can transform magic power into mechanical energy, elemental energy, electromagnetic energy, light energy, etc. by casting spells. I think magic power is a kind of universal energy. It is just a very unique, location The sequence has extremely high energy, but in the final analysis, it is a kind of energy."

In the lobby of the central tower, Thomas said decisively.

Some wizards raised objections. An older wizard said loudly: "Mechanical work produces mechanical energy, elemental reaction produces elemental energy, mechanical work, elemental reaction can be transformed into electrical energy, and electrical energy can be transformed into light energy. Some heat loss, this theory is not a problem, but what about the magic?

Where is our magic power?

Magic power can be transformed into those just mentioned by casting spells, but those cannot be reversed into magic power! So I think that the scope of energy conservation is only ordinary energy, and magic is an exception, which requires your theory to be limited. "

After hearing this statement, Thomas did not rush to refute. He nodded and said: "We really have not observed how other energies are transformed into magic power, but as far as magic power itself is concerned, magic power can be transformed from low quality to high quality, as long as Some consumption is enough, and it can even reach the level of the'Essence of God', which is equivalent to the source of power.

That is to say, the magic power system also follows the law of conservation of energy. As for whether magic power is conserved with other energies, I think it can be inferred to be there, but we have not discovered it yet. "

Thomas returned to the Betty Wizard Tower and said to Donna: "I suddenly thought of a possibility. Will magic be like high-temperature gas and ordinary energy like low-temperature gas. The conversion of high-temperature gas to low-temperature gas is a natural process. To reverse this process, I am afraid that heating outside the system is required."

Donna, who was doing the experiment, replied, "You mean the steam engine?"

Thomas agreed and said: "Yes, it is somewhat similar to a steam engine. A steam engine uses steam as power to push pistons back and forth. Is the energy operation model of our world comparable to a steam engine? There are two cylinders, called cylinder A and cylinder B.

When the temperature in cylinder A is high, the piston moves to cylinder B, and vice versa. In this process, if you want the piston to move to cylinder A, you must condense cylinder A from outside the system! "

Donna understood Thomas' meaning, she lowered her voice and said, "What you mean is that the'temperature' of other energy is lower than magic, so it can no longer be converted into magic. If you want to transform into magic, you must either be external to other energies. Heating', or the magic power will cool down and become lower than other energies, and other energies will become magic power."

Thomas patted his thigh and said, "That's what it means."

Donna suddenly said mysteriously: "This theoretical hypothesis model is very interesting, but it's just a guess. I thought of another aspect, about thermodynamics."

Thomas urged a little anxiously: "What? Don't sell it."

Donna waved her hand, and the magic rhythm moved, and quickly formed a holographic picture, a cylinder with a cut, with a piston in the middle, gas inside, and heavy objects above the piston.

"Assuming such an ideal state, there is no friction between the piston and the cylinder, the cylinder can be completely insulated when needed, and the gas in the cylinder is composed of independent molecules, which will not become solid and liquid with changes in pressure and temperature. There will be no chemical reaction."

Thomas looked at the cut-away view of the holographic cylinder thoughtfully.

Donna continued: "First, it is in the process of isothermal heat absorption. The piston moves upwards, the cylinder increases in volume and absorbs heat outwards, so as to keep the temperature constant. Let this temperature be T1.

Afterwards, it will enter the adiabatic process. In the adiabatic state, although it is not heated, the piston still has to do work due to inertia, and the temperature in the cylinder decreases.

Therefore, the cylinder volume increases, and the temperature drops to T2.

Then is the isothermal heat release process, the piston descends in the opposite direction, the cylinder volume is reduced, and the heat is released to the outside to keep the temperature constant.

The last is the adiabatic process, the piston continues to drop due to inertia, the cylinder volume decreases, and the temperature rises to T1.

If the heavy object is replaced with another part of the cylinder, it is the working principle of the entire cylinder. "

Thomas looked at the cylinder section of the cycle and clapped his hands and said: "I understand, in your cycle, the external work done by the system is equal to the heat absorbed minus the heat released. This model can be called a Donna heat engine, the cycle process Called the Donna cycle, the work efficiency of the Donna heat engine is equal to one minus T1 divided by T2!"

Donna smiled and said: "That's it. The best way for us to improve efficiency is to increase the temperature difference. As long as the temperature difference is large enough, the power will be particularly strong. Your thinking about magic is also very interesting. I think we can combine the two Thinking about the integration into two papers for publication and discussion with other wizards."

A week is a week, and two papers have been published. The hypothetical model of Donna's "On the Power of Heat" has aroused extensive discussion in the mechanical school. Many practical application wizards have started to improve the power of the power engine based on the theory.

The wizards have passed the stage of steam kinetic energy. They discovered that various chemical energy can also be converted into mechanical energy. The ideal model proposed by Donna has great practical significance.

And Thomas’ hypothesis that the world is a steam engine seems to be too fanciful, and there are constant discussions and criticisms.

Ace, who has been paying attention to this matter, saw the two papers, and his eyes lit up.

"Thomas' thinking is very interesting, this idea is really possible, but the thermodynamics are still a little bit close, you still did not notice another key point, it seems that I can only play in person."

Ace unrolled a magic paper and wrote a title on it "The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Thinking from Donna's Heat Engine".

The sun was shining outside the window, everything was business as usual, no one noticed that a stunning monster was about to be born.

The power of the great source is constantly tossing. It seems that he wants to give Ace a huge feedback, but he is pressed by Ace with a slap. The great source feedback of the Wizarding World Cluster has no practical meaning for Ace, and it is not as good as what he obtained through the high-dimensional crack. The energy brought by the collapse of dimensions is strong, so it is better to leave it to others.

According to the current situation of the wizarding world, four or five people can be supported to achieve myths. As for other wizards who may achieve myths but have no resources, they can also return to the Kaya world in the future, where resources are much more extensive.

One day later, the special issue of "Magic" was released again, and almost everyone saw the title "The Second Law of Thermodynamics" by the first author Ace.

Betty lay comfortably in the Wizard Tower, bathed in sunlight, and the shadow crow flew over and delivered the special issue to her hands. She glanced at the special issue inadvertently, and then sat upright.

"The second law of thermodynamics?"

As she read slowly, the name Ace seemed to have a magical effect. Although Ace hadn't published a theoretical monograph for a long time, as the mentor of wizards, the only immortal legend, no one dared to despise him. Research.

The opening part was a compliment to Donna's hot machine, which made Betty and You Rongyan, she was ready to praise Donna, and then Ace asked two questions.

"One is whether the efficiency of Donna's heat engine equals one?

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that T1 is infinite or T2 is zero. Infinite temperature is impossible, and zero temperature cannot be achieved.

The zero temperature here does not refer to the freezing point of water in the ordinary sense, because this is just a conventional unit of measurement. We need to establish a new temperature scale, the absolute temperature scale.

We know that at the same temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.

And after my measurement, for any gas of a certain volume, when the temperature increases or decreases by a traditional temperature, the increase or decrease in pressure is also constant, which is approximately equal to 1/273.

Therefore, if we cool an ideal gas with a traditional zero temperature to minus 273 degrees, its air pressure will return to zero and its volume will return to zero.

In other words, the temperature can't drop any more, and the volume will be negative if it is reduced again, which is obviously impossible.

Therefore, the traditional temperature of minus 273 degrees is absolute zero, and absolute zero does not exist, so the efficiency of the Donna heat engine cannot reach 100%. "

Betty seemed to feel something, and it seemed that she hadn't grasped anything, it was as if the soles of her feet were itchy, but it was tickling through the boots.

He continued to look at Ace’s second question: "How about the efficiency of Donna’s heat engine equal to zero?"

Betty said softly: "It's very simple, T1=T2 will do."

"But what does it mean that the two are equal? ​​It means that the Donna heat engine is idle and busy, which means that the Donna heat engine cannot work under the same heat source.

Because we can judge that it is impossible to absorb heat from a single heat source to completely turn it into useful work without other effects. Simply put, a single heat source system cannot do useful work. "

Betty, if struck by lightning, murmured: "A single heat source system cannot do useful work. Does our world count as a single heat source system? Does the star realm count?"

He looked down at Ace’s article: “It’s like separating hot and cold water with a partition. When the partition is removed, it will only be hot and cold, not hot, hot, cold, or cold. There are two changes. One is the direction of natural evolution, and the other is the unnatural direction.

The natural direction is spontaneous and independent, while the unnatural direction must be influenced by the outside world.

This is the second law of thermodynamics: heat cannot be transferred from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object without any influence. "

The simple summary made Betty's heart shocked. The mechanical ball of her closed-loop system was even a little unstable. She continued, but her eyes were a little unclear.

"For such a purely isolated system, the internal heat will become equal sooner or later, and the same loneliness. If the entire star realm is regarded as an isolated system, the energy conversion inside the star realm will be regarded as a Donna heat engine, and the high temperature in the system will continue to change. Objects absorb energy and transfer energy to low-temperature objects. One day, the temperatures of high-temperature objects and low-temperature objects are equal, and then the entire astral world cannot function.

So I created a concept, entropy.

The entropy of a system is equal to the heat absorbed (or dissipated) by the system in a certain process divided by its absolute temperature. This is the definition of entropy. In an isolated system, this is an irreversible process, that is, the flow of heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object is irreversible.

This is the inevitable and irreversible process from order to disorder in an isolated system. This process can be called heat death. "

boom!

Betty seemed to see the infinite world collapse, the upper world fell, the star realm finally flattened, and the whole star realm fell into solitude.

"Not necessarily, really not necessarily. First of all, our world is not an isolated system, but an open system. The world can exchange with the star realm, and energy, matter, and information can all be exchanged. Then this star realm, say There are also unknown star realms that can be exchanged, but we can't understand it."

With a stable mind, Betty also saw Ace’s last passage: "Isolated systems always tend to increase in entropy, and eventually reach the maximum state of entropy, which is the most chaotic and disordered state of the system. However, for an open system, Since it can transfer the increase in entropy generated by the internal energy exchange by releasing heat to the environment, the open system may tend to decrease in entropy and reach an orderly state."

Ace’s article aroused a wave of waves at one stone~www.readwn.com~ About the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy increase theorem, almost the hottest discussion, scattered headless corpses can not stop the discussion and research of wizards , The entropy increase theorem is simply shocking, deducing the true appearance of the whole world from a simple Donna heat engine.

Thomas declared for the first time that magic power is actually a certain kind of entropy increase, and he very much suspects that magic power is the process of transferring energy from a higher level to the lower level of the star realm, and this process coincides with entropy increase and heat death.

"The more disorderly, the greater the increase in entropy. We should promote order and achieve the reduction of entropy. And the final heat death of the entire star realm is too far away, just like people are going to die after all. Although true, but also far away, we no need to worry.

I think what we wizards must do now is to reduce the entropy of our wizarding world as much as possible, as an open system, constantly plundering resources from the outside and from other worlds. "

With bright eyes, Bru talked freely at the highest review meeting of the central tower.

Thales also stood up and said loudly: "The Entropy Increase Theorem proves one more thing. The star realm is a dark forest. Every world civilization tries to plunder the other's resources to reduce the entropy of its own world to achieve order. Maximize, let other worlds increase entropy, and welcome the ultimate destruction."