The Goddess Shines on America

　　 When everyone finally returned to school, it was already nine o'clock in the middle of the night.

　　 "No business is more profitable than pharmaceuticals!"

Ashley jumped to the front of the group of four, because what she encountered today made her unable to calm down: "Think about professional income, surgeons, dentists, they are all steadily in line. The top two in the U.S. professional rankings!"

　　 "But this industry is not that simple to set foot in, Ashley, you must calm down."

　　Although she was persuading her, Alice was still satisfied to see that the three little friends looked happy. Good friends have to share the blessings, and Alice’s properties are quite a lot, and they basically give them a small amount of shares. In other words, if she will really set foot in the pharmaceutical industry and really make a lot of money, Ashley and others will also be direct beneficiaries.

Therefore, they naturally have a lot of suggestions. As Wu Mi said right away: "But it is not easy. The pharmaceutical industry is regarded as a traditional industry in the world. Then Alice, you are very good about this industry. How much do you know? Have you investigated?"

　　 Alice immediately gave an affirmative answer: "Don't worry, I checked it out as early as when Delov started to study the i virus..."

　　 Xiqian muttered: "i, virus, such a stupid name."

　　 "...ahem, but before that, let me give you a brief overview of the world's pharmaceutical industry."

　　 This is very important information. For a while, Cici stopped complaining, and everyone was staring at Alice.

“Of the top ten pharmaceutical factories in the world, five belong to the United States. The number one is Pfizer, a R&D-based multinational pharmaceutical company with a history of more than 120 years. Its headquarters is in New York. There are three main business areas, namely medicine and health care, animal health care, and consumer health care products. Speaking of the most famous products... Ashley, do you feel familiar?"

　　 "Viagra! Wei|Brother! Huh! Alice, or let's just buy this company!"

　　 "Sao ladies, that's for men, what do you mean?"

　　 "Oh~ Cici~ I am you guys~"

　　 "Don't come here! Don't make that strange tone! Hello!? What are you going to do!? Alice, stop her~!"

Even if you close your eyes, you can conceive a picture in your brain. What's more, Alice watched their farce with her own eyes. She laughed and put her arms around Cici's shoulders. She rolled her hoof and easily forced back the invasion of Ashley's teeth and claws. : "Hehehehe~ I said Wu Mi, won't you stop me a bit?"

　　 Now that she was named, Mai Mi stepped forward with ease, grabbed Ashley's collar with one hand, and dragged her aside like a chicken.

　　 "You **** are really good at interrupting me."

Looking at the sky for a moment, Alice shook her head: "Continuing the previous topic, Johnson & Johnson, the world's second largest company, has a history of just one hundred years since its establishment. It is also a comprehensive super-large enterprise. Of course, these leading companies The gap is always changing. Although it has ranked second in the past two years, it is okay to rush to the first place after a few years. It is not a fixed thing."

"The Sanofi-Aventis Group, a German-French joint venture, is the world’s third largest pharmaceutical company, ranking first in Europe. It has a leading position in seven therapeutic areas, namely cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, oncology, and diabetes. , The central nervous system, internal medicine, and vaccines. At present, its business has expanded to nearly 100 countries. Of course, this is also related to geographic location."

“Furthermore, the Swiss Gegi company is equally large and has a very long history. As early as 1758, Mr. Gegi was operating chemicals, dyes and pharmaceuticals in Basel, Switzerland. Later, the family business grew and became this Swiss company. First, the world's leading pharmaceutical giant is now."

"Well...There is another one in the UK called GlaxoSmithKline. It represents the highest level in the world today in the four medical fields of anti-infection, central nervous system, respiratory and gastrointestinal metabolism, and ranks first in the industry in the field of vaccines. In addition, the company is also in a leading position in the world consumer healthcare market, with products including over-the-counter drugs, oral care products and nutraceutical beverages."

"Which one of us in the United States attracts my attention the most is Wyeth. It is one of the world's largest research-based pharmaceutical and health care product companies, headquartered in New Jersey. It specializes in prescription drugs and The research, development, manufacturing, and operation of non-prescription drugs play a pivotal role. At the same time, they also play an important role in vaccines, bioengineering, agricultural products, and animal health products."

After a long discussion, seeing the three friends who were already a little stunned, Alice shrugged and said: "So you see, they are all hundred-year-old, global-scale super giants. If I rashly hold i For finished virus drugs, just open a pharmaceutical factory to prepare for sale, and every minute is the rhythm of being acquired."

　　 "Then, we need more step by step."

　　Muya walked slowly and thoughtfully analyzed for Alice: "Alice, do you understand the procedures and preparations required to open a pharmaceutical factory?"

　　 "The issue of company registration and location selection is the same for all companies. The medical industry needs to pay attention to fda."

Arguably, Alice said to her partners: "As the saying goes, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, regardless of whether we plan to sell medical devices or take drugs directly, we have to pass their supervision and management. At this time, If entrepreneurs can get to know the government officials of the relevant departments, they will often save a lot of time and energy. Obviously, our dear Vice President Bush, I can help at this time, as long as I have a stake in his son’s oil company. Millions...cough cough, you know."

"The FDA has a complete set of certification procedures for pharmaceutical products to ensure the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. The general sequence is that the pharmaceutical company submits an investigational new drug request to the FDA, and then the FDA sends someone to test the new drug. At this time, the new drug Human experiments have not yet started-unless you have done secret illegal experiments-FDA mainly reviews in vitro safety data and animal experiment data to determine whether the drug is safe enough to enter the human experiment stage."

"The human experiment is divided into four stages. The first stage mainly tests the safety, main side effects and metabolic mechanism of the drug. The number of experimental samples is generally less than two hundred. The second stage mainly tests the effectiveness of the drug to determine whether the drug is effective. It acts on the human body; at the same time, the safety and side effects of drugs are also the subjects of close observation; at this stage, the number of experimental samples is generally less than three hundred and more than two hundred."

"If the second phase of the experiment is encouraging, a larger sample will be ready for testing, that is, the experiment will enter the third phase. The third phase will include different age groups, different populations, and different dosages to comprehensively study the safety of the drug. And validity. The number of samples in the third phase of the experiment ranged from a few hundred to a few thousand."

"The last four phases are mainly carried out after the new drug is approved, mainly to test the long-term safety of the drug. When the pharmaceutical company has completed the human experiment and verified the safety and effectiveness of the new drug, it will formally submit the nda to the fda, ​​that is, the new drug Application."

"At this time, the FDA will review all animal and human experimental data, as well as the drug substitution mechanism data and the produced gmp data. If the data is incomplete or unreasonable, it will review it. Under normal circumstances, the entire process will be It lasts for about ten months, giving consent or rejection."

"so……"

When Alice finished a long talk again, and took a sip of the mineral water in her purse, Cici said with a tangled and painful expression, and said with a long voice: "Just from the review of the new research drug Counting from the beginning, the whole process will at least...how long? Two years? Or three years? How long does it take!?"

　　 "This is the medical industry, so you can't be too cautious."

Wuya said smoothly: "That's why, only large companies with sufficient funds can set foot in this industry, and the current pharmaceutical factories are all super giants with operations all over the world. Although the fda was in the 1930s The newly emerged system ~www.readwn.com~ and these pharmaceutical companies often have a history of hundreds of years, but after so many years, if you say that they have not deeply rooted in the political world, you will not believe it yourself?"

　　 "So complicated, so complicated, too complicated!"

　　 Ashley also has a big face, shouting in her throat, and even calling a passing boy who is also going to bed late at night, looking sideways, but no one notices whether he is there or not.

Did not hit the telephone pole anymore.

"Alice, hurry up and work hard to save money! Anyway, in a short period of time, Professor Delof will not have any results. You quickly use Japanese investment to make more money. Since the approval of new drugs will take several years to complete, what if we do If you can’t mass-produce as soon as you come up, won’t you lose money!?"

　　 "The sequence seems to be a bit problematic, but the basic idea is not a problem..."

　　 Alice giggled and stood there. At this moment, everyone has almost walked to the door of the dormitory building, but the topics that are going on now cannot be chatted in the dormitory. At this time, standing in the middle school dormitory area under the night, Alice also suppressed her voice.

"The investment I made in Japan will be hundreds of millions of dollars in cash as soon as I get it, but it will take at least one or two years to bring benefits. Professor Delov's research also takes time, new drugs and so on, we are just now There is a sign. So during this blank period..."

She touched her chin, looked at the girl's apartment building in front of her, and thought thoughtfully: "Well, our classmates don't have fuel-efficient lamps. People are floating in the rivers and lakes, how can they not have any contacts?" Continued.)