The Crescent of the Sultan

Facing the attack of the Three Kingdoms Allied Forces, the Poles' choice was very interesting.

The nobles in the country had long been dissatisfied with the reforms of King Stanislaw II, and they happily expected Catherine II to bring justice to them.

Duke Błaczewski: He was a Polish politician and diplomat who opposed Poniatowski's reforms and advocated the retention of feudal privileges.

Bishop Tomansky the Great: He was an important figure in the Polish Catholic Church. He firmly opposed Poniatowski's reforms and formed a political opposition with him.

and the king's uncle.

Although due to Selim, the Tagovica League was not established during this period. (A league formed within Poland in 1792 to oppose the reforms.)

But the gang, led by Stanislaw II's uncle, wrote a letter to Catherine II.

“Great Ally of the Republic, Your Majesty the Empress of Russia (Catherine the Great), we know that your desire is only to use your army to restore freedom to the Republic and the Poles, and above all to the safety and security of all citizens happiness."

Not only that, Stanislaw Szczesny Potocki also preached: "Every real Pole should not be blinded by the Prussians and those small royalist gangs. What is certain is that , only Russia can save our motherland, otherwise our country will be enslaved.

In this case, before the Allied Forces of the Three Powers arrived, Poland had already started a civil war.

According to the news Selim received, the opposition troops took the lead in launching an attack outside Warsaw. The king's troops in Warsaw stood up to resist, and they were waiting for reinforcements.

Facts have proved that even Poland, a country that is rotten to the core, or every country that is about to perish, heroes will always emerge in times of crisis.

And Tadeusz Kosciuszko is exactly this hero.

Kosciuszko was born in the village of Merechovshchizna near the town of Kosava.

This place is located in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the son of the Polish nobles Ludwik Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Tekra Nylatomska.

His family can be traced back to the noble families of Lithuania and Ruthenia, and to Konstanty Kosciuszko, a courtier of King Sigismund I in the 15th and 16th centuries.

When he was nineteen years old, he caught up with the Polish king's reforms and successfully entered the Warsaw Knight School. After graduation, he stayed at the school as a captain instructor.

Due to their excellent academic performance, Kosciuszko and his colleague Ollovsky received royal scholarships.

On October 5, 1769, they immediately set off for Paris, which was why Kosciuszko later supported the king's reforms.

Life in Paris was not easy for Kosciuszko, because he was a foreigner and did not have a strong background. He could not apply to study at any French Army Officers Academy.

But for more than five years in France, Kosciuszko was taught as a day student. He often listened to lectures at the Army Academy in Paris and visited the Army Academy library.

There he came into contact with the Enlightenment and developed liberal ideas.

It was also during this period. King Frederick the Great of Prussia took advantage of Catherine II's expansionist mentality and teamed up with Austria to carve up Poland for the first time in 1772.

After Kosciuszko heard about this incident, he returned to Poland in 1774. However, at this time, the Polish army was under the supervision of Russia and Prussia and could only maintain a size of 10,000 people. Kosciuszko lost his chance to enter the army. Chance.

While living in Poland, he worked as a tutor for the daughter of a governor. Due to Kosciuszko's erudition, the two immediately fell in love. They tried to elope, but were stopped by the governor.

This was the most severe humiliation Kosciuszko had ever experienced, planting the seeds of hatred for the powerful in his heart, and the Enlightenment ideas he came into contact with in France watered and fertilized this.

Alone, Kosciuszko decided to go to America. He initially served the Continental Army as a volunteer, but on October 18, 1776, he was awarded the title of Colonel of Engineers in the Continental Army.

Kosciuszko was appointed chief engineer of the Continental Army on the recommendation of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (a supporter of King Stanislaw II of Poland) and Charles Lee.

He went to Pennsylvania to work with the local Continental Army. Shortly after arriving, he read the American Declaration of Independence.

Kosciuszko was moved by this declaration, because it contained what he dreamed of. The people of the colonies dared to resist the arrogant British, so why could Poland, once the leading power in Europe, not be able to change its own destiny? Woolen cloth.

With hope for Poland's future, Kosciuszko finally got his wish to meet with Thomas Jefferson after many requests.

This further encouraged his fighting spirit to revive Poland, and he began to fully devote himself to the American War of Independence. He needed to hone himself.

Kosciuszko's first task in America was to build the fortifications of Philadelphia. The first building he built was Bearingsport Fortress. On September 24, 1776, Kosciuszko was assigned to build fortifications on the banks of the Drava River to defend against a possible British attack. In the spring of 1777 he was transferred to serve in the Union Army under Horatio Gates. As chief engineer of the army, he directed the construction of several forts and fortified military camps along the colony's border with Canada. His fortifications allowed the Continental Army to successfully retreat from Ticonderoga and achieve victory at Saratoga in 1777.

After the war, Kosciuszko was considered one of the best military personnel to serve in the United States, and George Washington gave him command of the military works at West Point. He was later transferred to serve in the Confederate Army, where he also built strong fortifications that allowed the United States to win.

After seven years of service, Kosciuszko was promoted to brigadier general by the U.S. Congress on October 13, 1783.

When he left the United States, he made his last will and testament, naming Thomas Jefferson as his executor.

After returning to Poland, King Stanislaw II of Poland, who was worried that no one was available, nominated him as a major general in 1789. This last hero of Poland finally had a stage to show his talents.

Therefore, when the rebels attacked Warsaw, he arrived with troops loyal to the king and defeated the rebels in one fell swoop.

The King of Poland, who saw the soldiers descending from heaven, was no longer ambiguous at this time. He directly appointed Kosciuszko as the commander-in-chief of the Polish army and ordered him to resist the three-nation coalition.

Looking at the small army that originally had only 10,000 men and ended up fighting a civil war, Kosciuszko fell into deep thought. He had to think of something.

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