The Crescent of the Sultan

"The first is tax law reform. The original tax types of the empire are the following four. 6̾̾

Farmland tax: The empire will charge a tax on the cultivation of private land. The amount of the tax is based on the quality of the land, farming methods, crops and output.

Commercial tax: A tax levied by the empire on merchants and commercial activities. The tax amount is usually calculated based on the transaction volume. It must be said that this set of tax laws is extremely rigid until now.

Almost all merchants traveling to and from the empire had ways to evade taxes, especially Armenians, Greeks, and Jews.

Commercial taxes, which had been the mainstay of imperial taxation in the fifteenth century, were now inferior to the tax farming system that preceded them.

Public taxation: The empire leases certain administrative departments, public services, and franchises to private individuals to obtain a certain amount of tax revenue.

Regarding this article, I can only say that the empire lacks suitable talents to manage local areas. Otherwise, it is incredible that the income from the empire’s direct rule is only a quarter of that of the tax farming system.

Considering the civil service examination that Your Majesty has promised before, I privately think that it needs to be implemented as soon as possible.

Inheritance tax: A tax levied by the Empire on property inheritance, the amount of which is based on the value of the estate and kinship.

In my opinion, this article is a derivative tax from the previous public tax. The empire negotiated with the contractor to collect more tax than when it was first contracted.

Your Majesty, with all due respect, the "legislator" is indeed great, but the tax laws he left behind are already two hundred years old.

As the empire's power declined day by day, the original system should have been swept into the trash heap long ago.

Below is my design.

Import and export tariffs: In view of the initial industrialization of the empire, in order to protect the domestic manufacturing industry from competition from low-cost goods from other countries such as Britain.

I will set high tariffs to impose high taxes on imported goods and restrict imports to a certain extent to encourage the development of domestic industry.

Industrial tax: In order to make up for the shortfall in national fiscal revenue, I will enact an industrial tax law.

Of course, the empire's industry is still in its infancy, and during this period, I will provide preferential policies.

As for specific taxes, I refer to the British government.

They implemented various forms of industrial taxation. The most famous of these was the Malbury Act, passed in 1781, which imposed taxes on a range of industrial sectors, including stamp duties and manufacturing duties.

Land tax: In my opinion, land tax will still be the bulk of the empire’s fiscal revenue for some time to come.

The most important of the land taxes are the agricultural tax and the land deed tax. The former is a tax on agricultural output in rural areas, and the latter is an annual tax levied on land owners, including farmland. Of course, Muslims do not have to pay it. . perform

Excise Tax: In this area, the British created a large number of tax entries.

Considering the national conditions of the empire, our country's demand for grape juice, tobacco and coffee is still quite large.

I recommend that the empire can set up relevant institutions to monitor the consumption of these goods and at the same time operate some of its own stores.

After all, this is a lot of income.

Resource tax: The development of state-owned resources such as mineral resources and land resources also requires paying taxes to the state.

According to my calculations, as long as the financial reform is completed and your Majesty's civil service examination successfully delivers enough management talents to the local area, I am confident that the empire's fiscal revenue will reach 6.5 million pounds. "

Izet said confidently that in his opinion, the potential of the empire was far greater than that. As long as a reform was needed to activate this ancient empire, he would once again stand on top of the world.

Selim asked immediately after listening to Izet's bold words.

"What about education funding? Izet, you don't seem to have taken it into consideration."

Izette smiled.

"Your Majesty, how could I not consider this matter?

In accordance with your educational requirements, I have devised a wonderful solution for you - let Millett pay for it.

At present, the empire has almost no way to educate Muslims except missionary schools. On the contrary, almost all the four millet schools have their own schools.

According to Your Majesty's plan, such a huge compulsory education system can definitely cover the children of the original Millet community.

So I thought that based on the population ratio, the four major millets only need to pay 50% of the education funding.

Of course, the specific policy arrangements still depend on what you and the Grand Vizier want."

Yusuf Pasha now glared at Izet.

What do you mean by what the Sultan and the Grand Vizier mean? This kind of thing should not be decided by the Sultan.

Even if it doesn't work, just discuss it with the Grand Mufti. It's none of his business. Izet only has IQ in life, not emotional intelligence.

Selim didn't have time to care about Yusuf's ideas. Since the issue of education was already involved, he might as well discuss and resolve it together.

Sultan said immediately.

"Yusuf, has the Grand Mufti discussed the construction of the school with you?"

The Grand Vizier replied with a frown on his face.

“Your Majesty, based on your request and the actual situation in the empire, our idea is to provide only six years of compulsory education, which will improve the literacy rate to a certain extent while reducing the possibility of Muslim child labor in factories.

At the same time, regarding the school’s annual enrollment number, we will require local governments to arrange enrollment plans based on local population and economic development levels, and require local governments to report to the Ministry of Education.

Faculty and staff employed at the school are required to be proficient in the Ottoman language. "

"Ottoman? The Grand Mufti and the Ulama have finished their work?"

Selim asked excitedly, "Don't care what the Ottoman language is. You say it's a suture monster, or you say Emperor Sai copied it directly."

All in all, the fact that this language can be called Ottoman means that the Sultan has put aside his discrimination against Turkic languages ​​and has begun to unite the people.

After all, the Ottoman Sultan has always called himself a noble Oghuz Turk. Are the Turks and the Sultan different races?

Sorry, in the eyes of successive sultans, the Turks were purely inferior people. Even when writing in Turkic language, they would add the sentence "I'm sorry for using such a low-level language, because it is a sign of low cultural level." People watch it.”

For the Ottoman Sultans of all generations, there is no difference between the people at the bottom of the Orthodox Church and the Muslims at the bottom of Islam. We are all the slaves of the Sultan. Don't think that because you believe in different religions, you are no longer noble.

No matter what you are, if you are asked to serve, you will serve, if you are asked to pay, you will pay, and if you are asked to pay for food, you will pay for it.

The local government of the Ottoman Empire has adhered to the same governance principle for hundreds of years - I do not solve the problem, I only solve the person who raised the problem.

Since the ethnic and religious issues in the Ottoman Empire are quite serious, some people will definitely think that this is an issue of ethnic discrimination. This was the same idea before Emperor Sai traveled through time.

It was not until he stayed in the Ottoman Empire for several years that he understood one thing. The Ottoman Empire had no ethnic or religious discrimination against Ottoman residents except the ruling elite, because in the eyes of the Sultan, all living beings were cattle and horses.

This is why Selim is so excited. In other words, he can finally start to build a national and religious identity.

Yusuf took Selim's question and answered.

"Your Majesty, according to your instructions, we have integrated similar vocabulary and writing in Turkic, Arabic, and Persian. At the same time, for the new words, we have partially absorbed the Balkan languages.

This will also be the focus of the empire's compulsory education in addition to mathematics. For students who are willing and have the financial resources, only if they master this language can they take the exam and continue their studies.

As for the place to study, in accordance with your instructions, we have prepared to build a university in Constantiniya.

They are Ottoman University, Constantiniya University, Selim University, Suleiman University of Political Science and Law, and the "Thunder" Military Academy and the "Conqueror" Military Academy.

The first three universities are mainly comprehensive universities, and Selim University has cooperated with the Royal Academy of Sciences in running schools. As for the majors offered, we compared them with British universities and made certain modifications.

These universities will be completed by the end of September this year and will recruit students from all walks of life, as long as they can pass the exam.

At the same time, in order to strengthen the management of universities and colleges, the Ministry of Education will provide reference opinions on the types of majors offered by schools and the number of students enrolled in each major.

Moreover, the Ministry of Education will determine the amount of future financial allocations for each university based on the performance of its first batch of students.

As for the issue of finding education funds from Millett that Izette mentioned, I have already made arrangements for it.

As your Majesty said, an education system that is independent of the government will only lead to the division of a country, and the empire's education system is obviously far more than one.

In order to prevent excessive financial pressure from affecting the training and industrialization of the empire's new army.

It is certainly not enough to charge tuition fees alone. Of course, we do not charge any money from Muslims who are willing to receive compulsory education.

In this case, we will also strictly control the number of students enrolled in each school, limiting it to a few hundred students. After all, the cost of teaching staff is also high.

Selim thought for a moment and said.

“Inform the local khadi (judge) and ask them to encourage children to get education and also to tighten supervision.

The Ministry of Education should also send commissioners to guide school enrollment. For families that can hardly survive, priority should be given to recruiting to ease their pressure. After all, for ordinary people, having too many mouths can sometimes be fatal. Of course, they must be Muslims. .

As for universities, they must prepare for pilot work and conduct research on majors. Majors with low enrollment numbers and low value every year must be dealt with in a timely manner. If they can be saved, they will be saved, and if they cannot be saved, they will be discontinued.

While Kadi is supervising, it is also necessary to implement an education accountability system so that when problems arise, those responsible can be held accountable.

Also, when ulema are selected from major religious groups to be school principals, the principal is the first responsible person. As a principal, he has the responsibility to educate every student. When it comes to classes, we can implement a class teacher responsibility system and appoint One teacher is responsible for one class.

You will determine the specific situation based on the actual situation.

This kind of management must pay attention to strategies. While ensuring the smooth progress of teaching work, it must also strengthen students' ideological education.

What we need are good students who are loyal to the Sultan and the Empire, can speak Ottoman language, understand Ottoman history, and are devoted to the Empire.

For children from poor families, if they show high talent, the head teacher will recommend it to the principal. After confirmation by the principal, the principal will recommend it to a higher-level school, and the government will fund the problem to solve the cost problem and contribute to the future of the empire. Dig out enough good seedlings.

The Ministry of Education must also supervise the entrance examinations and not allow others to mess around with them.

If the children of wealthy families and powerful people don't do well in school, if they want to go to higher education, let them pay a school sponsorship fee. Don't let these people mess up our education system. "

Selim also thought very hard. Instead of letting these rich people find the bureaucrats and use the back door, it would be better for the Sultan to clearly mark the price and provide all-inclusive services.

It doesn't matter if you can't pass the exam. You can pay for it. Whether or not you can graduate is your child's own problem.

If it doesn't work, then you can spend some more money and sell your children a diploma. "

Yusuf Pasha suggested.

"Your Majesty, although we have decided to make education universally compulsory.

But in this kind of school, it is absolutely difficult for the children of rich and powerful families to accept that they are in class with a group of peasant children. "

Is it time to launch an aristocratic school?

For example, the British public schools can also be a tool for us to win over elites from other provinces. Of course, ordinary children can also participate in the selection of public schools.

As long as he believes in Allah. "

Selim nodded.

“This is a good idea. Suleiman from Chapan also came to me and raised this issue before. They are willing to jointly fund the establishment of such a school with me.

As for the site selection and construction, he will come to discuss it with you when the time comes. The first noble school in the empire cannot tolerate any sloppiness.

As for the name, it is called Allah Public School. This public school means open selection. I don't care about the other aristocratic schools. Anyone with "public" must pay attention to this. There must be no violation. We must show to the society that As long as you can endure hardship, you can "

Before Selim could finish his words, he heard Izet muttering from the side.

"As long as you can endure hardships, there will be endless hardships. Geniuses like me are always forced to struggle on the front line."

Selim felt that his head was full of black lines, and he selectively ignored this strange thing.

After the meeting, the Sultan rode a carriage to Topkapi Palace. He also made an appointment with the Grand Mufti.

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