From to 1935 2020

After the improvement was successful, Stalin ordered the production of the first batch of modified components, which were then sent to China for trial use.Since the Soviet Union was temporarily unable to produce a matching 110-horsepower diesel engine during this period, its engine could only be imported from Switzerland.

The first batch of T[-]s, which were improved and replaced with diesel engines, participated in the Huainan Battle and performed very well. One of the tank engines was penetrated by the [-]th gun of the Kuomintang Army many times and did not catch fire. It was repaired by replacing the engine afterwards.

With the help of Soviet experts, the CCP built a tank overhaul workshop in Taiyuan. After many T[-] tanks with gasoline engines were brought back to Taiyuan for overhaul, technicians replaced their engines with diesel engines by the way.

About 71 T[-] tanks were similarly refitted before and after the Tongzhou Battle, and the follow-up refitting continued until the Northeast Restoration War in the following year.A total of about [-] T[-] tanks were similarly modified. Except for the first [-] tanks, the last [-] T[-] tanks were modified with GMC-[-] diesel engines imported from the United States.

After Huang Ke brought back the improvement plan, the Soviets inspected similar products all over the world. The original plan was to directly import Swiss-designed engines, but the Swiss charged too high a price, and finally used similar products from the United States. ——After the engine was introduced into mass production, it was also widely used in tank trailers and SU80 tank destroyers manufactured by the Soviet Union. (Historically, the Soviet Union introduced this type of engine technology before World War II)

The original T26 serial number of the Soviet Union was T26S, after Huang Kemo changed it, the serial number became T[-]K.

After the vehicle arrived in China, it served as the main force of the Red Army for a long time. Whether it was the Chinese Red Army or the Soviet Red Army, the biggest problem with it was that because the opponent's tank was too weak, the armor-piercing power was excessive, and the grenade power was insufficient.

In response to this shortcoming, the Taiyuan Arsenal, based on the ready-made 75mm mountain gun, combined with the captured Japanese light infantry gun, and under the guidance of Soviet experts, developed a 26mm light howitzer dedicated to the T26. Its power is similar to that of the Soviet-style L26 light infantry gun. howitzer.About fifty T75 tanks were similarly modified.Most of them took part in the Nanking Campaign.This modified version of T26 in China is called "Big Pipe T[-]" by Chinese tank soldiers, and the official Chinese record number is T[-]-[-].The Soviet Union recorded it as the T[-] (K) type.This design idea was later used by the Soviets to improve and upgrade their own T[-].

During the Northeast Campaign, some T10 tanks were also equipped with the improved L1938 light howitzer provided by the Soviet Union, and participated in the winter combat in 75. In order to distinguish it from the Type [-], China called the tank provided by the Soviet Union "T[-]-[-]".

Even though the frontal armor of the vehicle was increased to 60 mm, it still felt insufficient in defense during the brutal Nanjing Battle.On the battlefield of the meat grinder, even the T26, which has rough skin and rough skin and pursues a single defensive performance at the expense of mobile firepower, is terrified.In order to increase the survival rate of the battlefield, the T[-] sent to the Nanjing battlefield was frantically piled up by the front-line logistics personnel on the vehicle in the middle and late stages of the Nanjing Battle to strengthen the defense.

According to Wu Mingjie, the commander of the famous No. 217 chariot, his car was seriously overweight. Two days after the battle, there were serious problems with the car body. In actual combat, it could only advance at a turtle speed of more than ten kilometers—the Nanjing battlefield was too cruel. The tank must serve the infantry, and it can't rush at all in street battles. This speed is enough.

After the Battle of Nanjing, the remaining 32 T26 tanks that were violently reformed on the front line were scrapped collectively due to serious deformation of the hull, and there was no chance to return to the factory for overhaul.The thick armor of this front-line self-modified T26 has greatly increased the survival rate of the crew members.In later generations, China also added an independent number to this model of the battlefield barbaric magic modification: T[-]N type, and N stands for Nanjing.

The most famous photo of T[-] is the No. [-] star chariot of the Nanjing Battle.The most famous feature of this car is that a pile of recycled tank road wheels are welded on the left and right sides of the turret, and the front of the car body is welded with messy armor plates and tracks, and the appearance is full of wasteland steampunk atmosphere.

The maintenance department of the Soviet Union, which participated in the Nanjing Battle, dubbed this violently modified tank a "fifty-kilometer tank"-meaning that it would basically be scrapped after driving [-] kilometers.However, this joke was also practiced by the Soviets themselves in the city defense battle on the future Soviet-German battlefield a few years later. They completely copied the methods used in the Nanjing defense war and used them on their own tanks.

The most famous transformation cars of T26 are SU1937 and SU26 (I mentioned it earlier, so I won’t describe it any more). In 76, Stalin ordered to dismantle the turrets of nearly a thousand old-fashioned early double machine gun turrets T26 in active service and transform them into SU[-] or SU[-].

共有400多辆车况较好的T２６被改造成了SU７６或SU26，不过中共自己开发出了T26-75型，又有比SU76更先进的M76.对SU76需求不大。加上南京战役的教训深刻：没法做到全面防御自行火炮在战场上是危险的。所以SU76和SU26仅装备于远东苏联红军以及东北抗联部队，并未参予关内的作战。

Before the large-scale T[-] entered service, the T[-] tank had always been the main combat vehicle in the Red Army, and the number of front and rear equipment reached [-], only a few less than the T[-].

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T[-] Tank——Iron Armored Overlord

It is different from the famous tank of the same name in history. The T60 tank is completely a simplified version of the T26 tank with enhanced armor and shrunk armor, while pursuing extreme performance: at the expense of mobility and firepower, it pursues extreme defense and simpler production costs.

The design index of the car was proposed by Huang Ke, and the entire design cycle was only 21 days before production began.Most of the parts are directly taken from the ready-made T26 tank, and only a few parts such as the transmission have been redesigned.

The combat concept of this vehicle is very clear: a mobile turret for action, and a hate absorber on the battlefield.The maximum travel speed is only a little faster than infantry.In the most understandable way, he is the Soviet version of the Matilda tank.

Stalin agreed that the purpose of this design is to take into account the worst situation that may be encountered in future wars, as in history, and requires the use of civilian production facilities to produce tank equipment to the maximum extent.

Therefore, its engine is a 71-horsepower civilian engine that is very common in the Soviet Union. This engine is widely used in Guise cars.

Compared with the expensive cost of T26, T60 is very cheap, and the cost is only less than two-thirds.Since most of them are produced with off-the-shelf parts, and the suspension also uses the off-the-shelf T26 balanced suspension, the mass production preparations are completed only two months after the design is completed, and the first batch of tanks will be produced soon.

The biggest weakness of this car is: the battlefield maneuverability is extremely poor, and it is only suitable for fixed-position breakthrough battles where both sides have a good posture.For temporary field maneuvers on a slightly larger battlefield, if there is no ten-ton tank trailer to help, then self-tracked marches of tens of kilometers will frequently fail.

The car is actually just a temporary product of the emergency.To apply Huang Ke and Dr. Koshkin's evaluation: the car is actually just a make-shift product.

This type of tank first participated in the Battle of Pingjin, and the first batch of products were all used in China.At the beginning, the Soviet Red Army looked down on this clumsy turtle-speed tank, thinking that the T28 was much stronger than them.

However, during the first Northeast Campaign, although the Soviet Red Army won a big victory on the battlefield.However, the T28 tank lost its chain all the way and was defeated by its own track and transmission. Zhukov was forced to change three command vehicles in a row because he damaged himself three times in one charge.

"Thirty tons of waste!" (Zhukov's complaint)

Although the T[-] tank played a great role in breaking through the Japanese defensive positions, the problem of losing the chain on the road at every turn drove everyone from Zhukov to the maintenance team crazy.

In contrast, the T[-] is better than a hundred steps at fifty steps, and its suspension maneuverability and accessibility are much better than that of the T[-]. Although its firepower is scumbag, its armor is reassuring, and it performed well in the Pingjin war. More importantly, He is very light: the combat weight is less than ten tons!Crossing the bridge and crossing the river is reassuring, but where the T[-] passes, the road is broken and the bridge is destroyed, which directly drives the bridge engineering soldiers crazy.

Soon, after the second Northeast assault, the Soviet Red Army also equipped a large number of T[-]s to replace the T[-]s. After using them, everyone agreed (compared).

Firepower slag?It doesn't matter, isn't there SU[-] next to us to shoot for you!Don’t you still have T[-] for fighting tanks? Brother, you just need to suck hatred on the battlefield and fight infantry and throw mines.

slow?It doesn't matter, you have a thick skin, you can rush up first, you go up first, rush in front to attract monsters and expose the Japanese anti-aircraft artillery positions to facilitate our artillery coverage.And running slowly will not be out of touch with infantry.

Although the T28 has a lot of problems, but with the appropriate tactics, the Soviet armored troops, logistics maintenance troops, and bridging engineers who suffered from the T[-]'s poor reliability and road passability also applauded loudly among its equipped troops.The unlucky T[-] was collectively thrown back to the rear warehouse to sit on the bench during the fourth battle.

Compared with the squeamish T28, the T60 pursues an extremely cheap design idea, which is very in line with Maozi's violent driving personality.When used to break through the Japanese positions, one can often see a bunch of T60s covered with anti-infantry jumping mines and rushing into the Japanese defense line to detonate random explosions. (In order to save costs, the early model T60 didn’t even have an optical sight, only observation slots and front sights to aim at, so I’m not afraid of accidental damage to optical parts by anti-infantry shrapnel, because there is no such thing. The later model was improved, and some were installed )

Due to the lack of tank trailers in the early Soviet Red Army, the use of T50 was greatly limited.Fortunately, another substitute of this period, using the same design of T[-] and T[-] tanks, was equipped with troops after half a year of development and replaced the T[-] during the fourth northern assault.

The T60 was used as a temporary emergency vehicle, and only 360 vehicles were produced.About 160 of them were sent to China.And played an important role in the Battle of Nanjing.

After the end of the Anti-Japanese War in 1938, less than a hundred of the 260 T26 tanks that participated in the war survived.However, the number of surviving T60 tanks has reached as many as 60!And more than half of the lost T[-]s were crushed by their own weight instead of being destroyed by the opponent.

On the battlefield, the T60 suffers more shells than the T26, but the battle damage rate is lower than that, because it is close to the T40 tank, with a thick 30mm 20-degree inclined armor and a [-]mm [-]-degree side armor-actual combat, The tank soldiers of the field troops often welded a layer of [-]mm thick track shoes or other messy armor plates or even wheels to the tanks to enhance defense, especially in the Battle of Nanjing.

Relying on its excellent defensive power, the car was initially a blockbuster in the Pingjin battlefield, but it was in the terrible meat grinder of the Nanjing battlefield that it really earned its reputation as the "Iron Armored Overlord".

Both China and Japan are playing with bayonets on cannons, putting artillery on the front of the position as a flesh and blood mill. Tanks are forced to serve as firefighters and consumables for bad battles on the battlefield they hate the most. On this battlefield, the basic The T[-], whose defense is much thicker than the T[-], has a much higher battlefield survival rate than the former.

What the logistics department on the Nanjing battlefield often does is to remove all the wreckage armor that can be dismantled from the tank wreckage recovered from the front line, and then weld it on the tank indiscriminately before going out.

These tanks with crazy thickened armor are often fighting at a state of 26 or even 60% overweight-the result is that after the tank travels fifty or sixty kilometers, the suspension and even the overall structure of the vehicle will encounter inevitable damage. end-of-life damage. ——A large number of T[-] and T[-] tanks of urban combat type were finally scrapped in this way.

"In the city of Nanjing, there is no tank that can travel fifty kilometers and survive the artillery fire intact!"

The minced meat street fighting in Nanjing was really brutal.This kind of "battlefield" temporary overweight modified version of the "battlefield" where the car basically has systemic problems after walking [-] kilometers is the most in line with the status quo.

On the Nanjing battlefield, if an overloaded T26 or T60 is lucky enough to be alive after completing a [-]-kilometer battle march.At this time, when the car is started again, there are all kinds of strange noises inside the car, severe shaking, and even parts falling off all the way, but it can still be used in a small area, or as a "mobile battery within a few meters" on the front line.For the Red Army, which only advances or retreats tens of meters every day, this problem is not a problem at all.

On the Nanjing battlefield, a large number of T26s and T60s that have been structurally damaged due to overloading have been fighting on the front line for a long time.

The famous No. 217 chariot, at the end of the Battle of Nanjing, the interior of the entire car was already structurally deformed due to overloading. The Soviet experts who overhauled it commented: Even the chassis of the car body was seriously deformed due to overloading. It is better to rebuild it if it is completely repaired. The car is simpler.Therefore, the chariot should be retired directly as a "battle commemorative vehicle".

After the Battle of Nanjing, about sixty T26 or T60 vehicles were directly declared scrapped for similar reasons.Except for a few cars that are kept as historical commemorative cars, the rest are returned to the furnace for steelmaking after recovering usable parts.The T26 tank that entered Shanghai was actually replaced by another car with a serial number.

Then these tank soldiers with rich combat experience went directly to Shandong to receive the newly shipped T50.

As a transitional product for technical verification, the suspension design of the T60 tank was too old (it was advanced in the early 30s, but it was outdated after 37 years). All production will be discontinued.The last production batch, about fifty T50 tanks, was shipped to Spain in early 1937 and participated in the Spanish Civil War.

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From T37/38 to T70

The first time the T37/38 amphibious tank landed on the Chinese battlefield was in the Battle of Huainan.Relying on its excellent road passability and floating function, it performed well during the Huainan Campaign.On the anti-Japanese battlefield, its main equipment targets were guerrillas who carried out the mission of breaking cross and disturbing behind enemy lines.During the entire war, about fifty tanks with T37 chassis participated in the battle in the Songhu area.

Unlike the T26 division which came out of England, this car is a standard French tank lineage-it uses a suspension similar to the French AMR light tank.

The original Soviet T37 was equipped with a 7.62 machine gun.However, after being shipped to China, some of them were replaced with 20mm machine guns, or the turret was removed, and a 37mm light infantry gun or other caliber artillery was installed. The specific improvements were changed according to the combat needs of the frontline troops.

One of the strongest improvements is to remove the turret and install a 45mm anti-tank gun (SU45) or Type 70 light infantry gun on the body (SU38) to make a self-propelled gun.The output of these modified cars is very low and the number is scarce.However, because it is not used for charging but hiding in the dark to shoot black guns, the survival rate on the battlefield is much higher than when it is used as a tank.Half of the surviving [-] tanks with T[-]/[-] chassis are deformed vehicles of this kind.

As a 3-ton amphibious tank, the biggest problem with this vehicle is that the armor is too weak, but this is a common problem with amphibious tanks.Because the protection is too thin, the car suffered a lot in the war.After the war, only fifteen T37 tanks survived the war, and the rest were "consumed" in the brutal war.

After Huang Ke’s trip to the Soviet Union in 1937, Stalin ordered the tank factory in Leningrad to develop the next-generation “ten-ton” light chassis based on the T37/38 in order to fully tap the military industry’s production capacity according to wartime needs. To replace the old T26 chassis.

Due to the relevant information provided by the traversers, the corresponding T40 amphibious tank was quickly developed. The vehicle gave up the backward French balanced spiral suspension and changed it to the most advanced torsion bar suspension.The engine still uses a civilian gasoline engine with 71 horsepower.Then based on it, a purely land-use T70 tank was issued.

The design and combat concept of the T70 tank are exactly the same as the T60. The armor, defense, and mobility are basically the same, but the suspension system is better, the attendance rate is higher and the failure rate is lower.

About [-] T[-] tanks that were trial-produced in advance joined the Soviet Army in the Far East and participated in the winter campaign launched by Rokossovsky in December [-], winning acclaim—there was no such vehicle in the Winter War loss.

The vehicle was developed very successfully, but unfortunately, when it was developed, the campaign in the Far East had come to an end and the hero was useless.

Therefore, the car should only be used as a technical storage and has not been mass-produced, but its chassis is cheap, and it will soon become a substitute for the T[-] chassis and begin mass production, replacing the T[-] as the chassis provider for the future Su[-].

The early T70 used a 71-horsepower civilian engine, but the mid-to-late production was changed back to the [-]-horsepower gasoline engine used by the T[-] tank, and its performance has improved.

When the Soviet Red Army withdrew from the Northeast in August [-], they disliked the trouble of transporting them back and left a large number of armored troops to the CCP. All twenty T[-] tanks that participated in the battle were left in the Northeast to guard the Yalu River defense line.

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Chapter 297 The Great Tide of the Times

Before leaving Nanjing, Mei Mu was called out by the political commissar of the prisoner guard.

After being imprisoned for so long, he understood one thing: In the Communist Party organization, the biggest official is not the one with a "leader", but the political commissar is the biggest.

As soon as we met, the political commissar named Li Junwei asked him directly: "You spent most of your half-year working money on streptomycin. Why?"

Umeki replied, "My mother has tuberculosis."

"Why did you buy a few more transistors?"

"Because there is not enough money."

"What do you mean?"

Umeki explained that he learned a technique in the prisoner-of-war camp, which is to manually manufacture ore radios.The few transistors I bought were to assemble ore radios by myself after returning to China, then sell them, and then use the money from the sale to exchange streptomycin with other prisoners of war.

Li Junwei shook his head and said: "The treatment cycle for tuberculosis is very long. According to experience, at least half a year of continuous treatment is required, and two courses of treatment can be cured. Your medicine is not enough."

Mei Mu was silent. ,

Political Commissar Li took out a medical kit from the drawer and placed it in front of Meimu.

Umeki opened it and saw that there was a whole bottle of streptomycin tablets inside, about [-] tablets.Umeki was taken aback.

"Take it and treat your mother! Take the medicine according to the instructions."

Meimu was holding the medicine bottle, her hands were shaking, her eyes were filled with tears, and finally she couldn't help crying.

With a thud, he knelt down in front of Political Commissar Li, weeping bitterly.

On this day, there were 23 prisoners like him in the prisoner-of-war camp where Mei Mu was in. They were called by the guards, and they were additionally "presented" with special medicines that could cure their family's chronic illnesses.

In the film "Soldiers Coming to the City", which was filmed by the French in later generations, the political commissar of the Communist Party just hid in the back with a pistol, forcing the soldiers to charge forward. The ugly bastard, the war supervisor—this is the French military officer himself during World War I. Performance.But in fact, the political commissar of the Soviet Union has to take the lead in the charge, so that the soldiers will convince you.In addition to taking the lead in the battle, the political commissar of the CCP also has another task, which is to be responsible for the lives and thoughts of the soldiers, understand each soldier's family situation, difficulties, and provide solutions and necessary help at any time.

This is also the reason why the political commissar can suppress the head of the regiment, brigade, and division.Although the political commissar is half a rank higher than Chief X in terms of position, how could he be loved by the soldiers without these actions?A political commissar who is both a priest and a nanny, in the game world, is quite a "palaval" profession, with great power and even heavier responsibilities.

When Umeki was interrogated before he was arrested and sent to the prisoner camp, the interrogators asked him about his family in detail. At that time, he said that his mother had tuberculosis.

It takes a lot of work to dye Japan red and change its color, and this kind of "favor" for the sick family members of prisoners of war is one of them.It is not necessary to ask for one-time results, but such a large-scale netting, as long as a few valuable fish can be caught in the future, it will be profitable.

The next day, Mei Mu put the important medicine bottle in her arms and boarded the ship bound for Shanghai from Xiaguan Wharf.When the boat left, he kept waving to Commissar Li who came to see him off.Umeki swore in his heart that if there was another war between China and Japan in the future, he would definitely revolt on the battlefield and join the Communist Party.If China meets the Communist Party, they will definitely join them, because they really see him as a human being.

The ship sailed in the morning, and arrived in Shanghai in the afternoon. Umeki found that not only their group of Japanese needed to board the ship at the pier, but also Japanese prisoners of war who were sent to other places. , there are five groups in total, about 6000 to [-] people.The relevant sea ships have been arranged, but they will not set sail until tomorrow.

Nearly [-] Japanese prisoners of war were sent to an empty site near the port to settle down.When they got there, Umeki found that a huge wooden platform had been erected in the center of the venue, like a performance venue.

"What is this, is there going to be a criticism meeting?"

Among the prisoners of war, there were some Japanese prisoners of war who had been spies, and presumptuously guessed the function of this platform based on experience.The prisoner of war was transported from the north. He once sneaked into Pingjin for reconnaissance and saw the scene when the Communist Party suppressed the "black and evil forces" in Pingjin and Tianjin. On the ground, equipped with loudspeakers for criticism, surrounded by thousands of people.One pass ten, ten pass one hundred, one hundred pass one thousand, and soon the Japanese soldiers on the scene started talking about it.

"The Communist Party won't kill us, will it?"

"Impossible. After we were arrested, they treated the sick and the wounded. If they really want to kill us, do they need to go to such trouble?"

"Didn't you see the outside, where are the many foreign reporters?"

When the prisoners of war were discussing, many foreign journalists were also allowed to enter this semi-closed prisoner-of-war camp for on-site interviews. This move quickly reassured the Japanese prisoners of war on the scene.

The CCP's attitude towards Japanese prisoners of war has received international attention and praise in the past few months.Even the British who want to criticize and stir up shit the most can only say sourly that the CCP is brainwashing and educating Japanese prisoners of war, and at the same time say something like "Stalin is too generous, is there really enough penicillin?"—— They were really right about this.The amount of penicillin transmitted from later generations by Rhubarb is so large that tons can be used as a unit of measurement. In this era, the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is very poor.Those antibiotics are theoretically enough for the Soviets to fight a Soviet-German war, and there is still a lot left.