I can extract side effects

Hangzhou, Provincial People's Hospital.

In the operating room, an unprecedented operation is proceeding in an orderly manner.

On the operating table in the middle lay a brain-dead patient.

Next to it were three other operating tables, on which lay three pink and white piglets.

According to the organ donation agreement, the chief surgeon will remove the heart, kidneys, liver, and cornea of ​​the brain-dead patient one by one, send them to the next ward, and transplant them to the waiting patients.

After the patient's internal organs are removed, another surgeon will take out the corresponding fresh organs from the pig's body and transplant them into the patient's body to fill the vacancy left by the original organ removal.

Such a complex large-scale operation cannot be carried out without the close cooperation of all departments.

The hospital attaches great importance to this, and experts from various departments consulted many times before coming up with the safest surgical plan.

According to the plan, first remove the patient's cornea.

Then there are bilateral primary kidneys, and then the implanted organs in pigs are transplanted in.

The second step is the heart, and finally the liver transplant.

Since there are overseas experiences of pig heart, liver and kidney transplantation in brain-dead patients, theoretically speaking, it should be feasible.

For the liver, because it is a little more complicated, it is placed in the last step.

After each organ transplant, it takes hours to observe the patient's immediate rejection reaction, so the operation time will become very long.

The operation took more than 24 hours, and the departments of extra-cardiac surgery, extra-renal surgery, extra-hepatic surgery, facial surgery, and anesthesia took turns to complete the entire operation.

Due to the complexity of the operation and the large number of participants, most doctors can only gather outside the operating room to watch.

At this time, the lounge was full of voices, as lively as a vegetable market.

Everyone was whispering and discussing.

Everyone watched the operation picture on the big screen attentively, pondered over the operation steps and results, and expressed their opinions.

"Is this the kidney planted from a pig? It really looks like a human kidney, except that it's a little smaller, it's exactly the same."

"Nonsense, this is a human kidney."

"I read the paper on "Life". The glomeruli and renal tubules are human cells, but the blood vessels are still pigs. However, they have been genetically modified to remove the immune rejection gene, but I still have some concerns about whether it will cause rejection. reaction."

"Look, the vascular clamp was removed, and the right kidney turned red after reperfusion."

"I'll go, urine will be produced in 30 minutes."

"However, the urine output from the left kidney is obviously scarce and slow."

"It may be that the left kidney is a little abnormal, but it's a pity that it can't be biopsied right away."

"The kidney parenchyma is too fragile. Biopsy is very harmful to transplanted kidneys. Let's judge by the results of biochemical tests as much as possible."

"Huh, 1 hour has passed, and no hyperacute rejection has occurred so far. It seems that this level has been passed."

"Next came the heart, which was taken out and put into a cardiac perfusion cassette."

"Okay, the heart vessels are connected, the blood supply is restored, what the hell, the heart is beating!" A doctor jumped up from the chair excitedly.

"The electrocardiogram has recovered, ah, ah, I can't do it, this is simply making history!" Another doctor started dancing and talking nonsense.

The others ignored it, because they themselves clenched their fists and waved them wildly in the air, looking too excited.

After a while, everyone slowly regained their composure and sat down again.

"Oops, why is there an emergency operation all of a sudden." Someone's expression changed drastically and he left in a hurry.

"How far has the operation progressed?" Another person walked in quickly, and asked eagerly about the latest progress before sitting down.

"The transplanted heart has passed the hyperacute immune rejection period. It may be that the heart has a lot of muscle, and the content of human cells is high. The pig endothelial cells in the blood vessels have been humanized, so the safety is very high."

Someone patiently explained: "The kidney transplant was also successful before, and the blood supply was restored for half an hour before he could urinate, but the left kidney had less urine output, so there may be some problems."

The person who came was immediately regretful: "Hey, if I knew earlier, I should have asked for leave to come and see it. It's a pity to miss such a wonderful operation."

"It's okay, there are videos, you can watch them slowly when you go home at night. You can't stop receiving patients."

"Your surgery is better. Except for emergency surgery, other surgeries can be rescheduled. You can sit here and watch the surgery in peace today."

"It is necessary. Such an important surgical transplant operation is rare in ten years."

"Hehe, I don't think it will be rare in the next ten years. I guess there will be quite a few every year."

"Shh, stop talking, the liver transplant has begun."

"The function of the liver is much more complicated than that of the heart and kidneys. I don't know if the transplant can be successful."

"The heart is actually a very simple organ. It is mainly responsible for pumping blood and then synthesizing some proteins. The kidneys are also very simple, responsible for filtering blood and synthesizing some proteins. The success of heart and kidney transplantation does not mean that the liver can also be successful."

"The liver is too complicated. It needs to synthesize more than 2,500 proteins, all of which are necessary to maintain life. I feel that the success rate will not be very high."

"From the data on monkeys, the survival period of kidney transplantation can generally exceed 9 months, and the survival period of heart transplantation can exceed 6 months, but the survival period of liver transplantation will not exceed 25 days. I don't know if it will break the record."

"You're overthinking it. This time we used brain-dead patients. The survival period is at most 7 days. It's been 2 days, and there are less than 5 days left."

"The liver is an extremely complex world, involving a large number of life activities. If these mysteries can be unraveled, it will also be of great help to the treatment of the liver."

"Did you forget that the liver can regenerate? In fact, the goal of liver transplantation has never been a permanent transplant, but a bridge transplant. As long as it lasts for three days, it is considered successful."

"That's right, if the patient's liver is severely damaged, he will die within 24 to 48 hours. It will take at least several days to find a suitable human liver. If the transplanted liver can play the role of the firefighting captain, it will fill up the time gap. That was a huge success too.”

"Currently, the industry only has artificial heart and artificial kidney, but no artificial liver. Patients with severe liver failure will lose 10% of their hope of survival after one hour, and very few survive. As long as we can prolong the survival time, let us find suitable human liver, that’s enough.”

"There is great hope. The transplanted livers this time are all human cells. Compared with the previous xenogeneic livers, they are the closest to the original human liver physiologically, and the liver function defects should not be so high."

"Thinking about it better, at least the transplanted liver will not carry any viruses such as hepatitis A and hepatitis B."

*****

Kunming, Sanqing Headquarters.

"The operation was successful?"

"Okay, okay!" Wei Kang stood up from his chair excitedly, and said three good words in succession.

Huang Qin on the other end of the phone tried his best to maintain his calm, and reported the follow-up progress of the operation in detail.

"Due to the poor transplant environment of brain-dead recipients, the subsequent physical condition deteriorated sharply, and the experiment was forced to be interrupted three days after the operation was completed."

"While providing a suitable model for assessing the function of individual transplanted organs, it is detrimental to graft survival."

"After the implanted organ was transplanted in vivo, it went through a 3-day period of hyperacute immune rejection."

"All the data show that after the transplantation, the right kidney urinates well, the creatinine can be excreted in the urine, the blood creatinine value drops, the heart rate is low, but it is within the normal range, and the liver can normally excrete toxins."

"Overall, the heart, kidneys and liver are functioning normally, only a small part of the left kidney has coagulation dysfunction, and there is a blood loss reaction."

"Coagulation dysfunction may be a problem with a small number of pig blood vessels, or it may be a problem with the patient's body. Follow-up studies are still needed, and the overall impact is not significant."

"Because acute and chronic rejection can occur over days or even months after transplantation, the brain-dead patient transplant model may not be suitable for observing later rejection."

"In other words, although hyperacute rejection did not occur, it was likely to occur at a later stage."

Listening to these contents, Wei Kang's excitement gradually calmed down, and he regained his former composure.

"Although there are still various deficiencies, it is also a landmark clinical study."

He pondered and said: "The long-term rejection of the heart and kidney is still unknown, and we need to continue to observe this to provide more data."

"But for the liver, being able to spend 3 days in the patient's body safe and sound is considered to have achieved the initial goal."

"The transplanted liver can be used as a bridge transplant and has entered the clinical research stage."

"For those patients with severe liver failure, 3 days is enough for them to survive the most dangerous period and save their lives."

"Taking a step back, even as an in vitro artificial biological liver, it can save many patients."

"That's right, Mr. Wei." Huang Qin agreed, "Next, it's best to do a few more experiments on brain-dead patients to obtain more sufficient human data before we can carry out further research."

"If there is only one clinical case at present, I am afraid it is not convincing enough."

Wei Kang nodded: "You're right, have you met the patient's family? What's her feedback?"

Huang Qin was full of praise immediately: "That aunt is so grateful. I don't know how satisfied she is with Sanqing. She is such a genius that she can come up with such a good idea."

"After the operation, I stayed in the ward for several days. The doctor only did a biopsy of the organs. After the patient's vital signs disappeared, he was taken to the morgue. All the transplanted organs were kept in there and were not taken out again."

"This can solve the concerns of the family members and satisfy both parties. It seems to be feasible."

"It's just that there are not many family members who think this way. At present, there is only that aunt."

Wei Kang smiled slightly and said, "Don't worry about that, as long as you publicize Auntie's success story on the Internet, many people should be tempted and come to your door one after another."

"China's population base is here. Although there are few brain-dead people who are willing to donate their organs, it's not impossible. It's just that it was difficult to find them one by one before, but it's much easier to let them come to the door on their own initiative."

"Even if such people are too few to find for a while, with Auntie's example, it will be much easier for us to persuade family members of brain-dead patients to donate their organs."

"I didn't post this on the Internet before, because I was a little worried about the operation. Since the operation was successful, I can naturally publicize it."

Huang Qin was overjoyed and said: "That's good, I hope to have a few more, and complete the preclinical research as soon as possible."

"As long as there are a few more cases of liver transplantation in brain-dead patients, I can apply for a clinical phase I trial of acute transplantation for severe liver failure.

"Mr. Wei, your influence is so great, as long as you raise your arms online, I don't need to go back to the company, and I can just wait in the hospital."

Wei Kang couldn't help laughing and said: "How can it be so fast, don't wait stupidly, wait for the hospital to notify."

After hanging up the phone, he turned on Langbo and started typing.

"I'm very happy today and I want to share a good news with you."

"Just a few days ago, a mother who had just experienced the pain of losing her son came to her door. In order to fulfill her son's last wish, she had to donate the organs of her brain-dead son. This move is deeply disturbing.”

"While hesitating, she saw a discussion about brain death on the Internet, and suddenly thought of a solution that got the best of both worlds."

"This method can not only satisfy his son's wish to donate organs, save other terminally ill patients, but also keep his body intact."

"Under her genius idea, the brain-dead son participated in Sanqing's preclinical research experiments. After the organs in his body were removed and donated, he was transplanted with Sanqing's implanted organs in his body."

"In other words, he is not only an organ donor, but also an organ transplant recipient."

"The operation was very successful. The implanted organs obtained from the pigs survived the 3-day period of hyperacute rejection in the patient, and all functions were normal."

"This epic brain-dead patient passed away within a week, drawing a successful conclusion to the success of the experiment."

"This case will help break through some of the barriers in the field and pave the way for future research."

"I would like to express my sincere gratitude here, and I believe that with the further deepening of research, organ implantation will enter the clinic, and it may become a routine phenomenon in the near future."

"If you have interested family members, welcome to sign up to participate in the clinical trial. Thanks again!"

As soon as this long article was published, a large number of fans exploded in an instant, causing a sensation.

"I'll go, Auntie is really fantastic, can you imagine this?"

"This is very reasonable. A few organs were donated, and a few more organs were transplanted. Once in and out, the patient lost nothing, but it perfectly solved the collision between tradition and technology."

"Auntie has a kind heart and a heart, and her merits are immeasurable. She not only saved other patients, but also promoted the development of science and technology."

"It can only be said that it embodies the wisdom of the working people."

"Sure enough, technological means can solve any moral paradox. If it can't, it can only mean that it is not advanced enough."

"After all, Sanqing can regenerate human organs. If it's a pig organ transplant, do you think Auntie can agree?"

"It must be impossible. Transplanting pig organs to a donor feels a bit insulting."

"In foreign countries, only pig organs can be transplanted, but Wai Guoren doesn't care."

"Is it just me who noticed that Sanqing's experiment was successful this time? Does it mean that the next human clinical trial is coming soon?"

"As long as you dare to sign up, it will definitely be soon."

"Why don't you dare to sign up? For those who have waited for more than ten years and can't wait for an organ, they might as well take a gamble. If they win, they will survive. If they lose, it's nothing more than that. How bad can it be? .”

"That's right, but at present, it is still a bit far away from human clinical trials. I hope to see this day coming soon."

While netizens were talking about it, some people couldn't sit still.

After they got the news of the success of the experiment on brain-dead patients, they couldn't stand the slow progress of the clinical experiment.